Module_3_the_Violence_of_Nature
Module 3 The Violence of Nature
Period 1 Reading and Vocabulary
延川中学白艳
三维目标
1.知识与技能
1) Make students master some new words and expressions.
2) Learn something about natural disasters.
3) Train students’ reading ability.
2.过程与方法
Make students know more about natural disasters.
3.情感与价值
1)Make students have a better understanding of natural disasters.
2) Inspire their determination to learn.
教学重点
1. Discussion to help the students learn about natural disasters.
2. Scanning to look for specific information.
3. Skimming to get the general idea of the reading materials.
4.Careful reading to help the students focus on some useful expressions and sentences.
教学难点
1) How to help students improve their reading ability and understand the passage better.
2) How to master the important language points in this passage.
教学方法
1)Fast reading to get the general idea of the text.
2)Intensive reading to understand the passage better.
3)Discussion to help students understand what they have learned better.
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Leading-in
A. Look at the pictures and have a discussion: What does “violence of nature” refer to?
B. Get the students to tell some other disasters.
C. Give the words according to the pictures and their definitions.
1. a lot of water in an area which is usually dry _________
2. a very strong wind or storm ________
3. a lot of rain falling quickly, with loud noises and flashes of light ________
4. the flash of light which happens during a thunderstorm _________
5. a column of air that turns very quickly _________ Step 2 Read the Gulf Stream and check the meaning of the words.
1. What is a current?
A. A kind of electricity
B. A movement of water
C. A kind of wind
2. What kind of things flow?
A. Water
B. Time
C. Money
3. If two places are on the same latitude, they are on the same line______.
A. east/west
B. north/south
Step 3 Fast Reading
A. Read the three passages quickly and answer the questions(Scanning)
1). What is a tornado?
2). What is a hurricane?
B. Read the text carefully and answer the following questions:
1). How strong are tornado winds?
2). What can happen to furniture when a house is destroyed by a tornado?
3). How many tornadoes are there in the US every year?
4). How many people died in the worst tornado of all time?
5). What happens at sea during a hurricane?
6). When was the worst hurricane of all time?
7). Was the actor Charles Coghlan killed in it?
8). What happened to him after the hurricane?
Step 4 Careful Reading
Activity 1 What is a Tornado?
Questions-asking
1. Read this passage aloud and answer the following questions.
1). How can tornadoes destroy houses?
They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
2). Where do tornadoes mainly occur?
In the US, with area from Texas in the Southeast to South Dakota in the north
3). Do a thorough reading and fill in the blanks.
A tornado is a _____ ______of air from a__________ to the ground. On (the) average, there are ______ tornadoes each year, ________ about 80______ and 1500_________. The worst occurred in____, _______ three US states and making 700___________ and 2700________.
The key: rotating column thunderstorm 800 causing
Deaths injuries 1925 affecting dead/killed injured
Activity2 What is a hurricane?
1. Give the definitions of Tornado and Hurricane.
A tornado is a rotating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.
A hurricane is a strong tropical storm.
2. Read and answer the questions
1）What happens during a hurricane? Why?
There are huge waves, heavy rains and floods. Because there are violent winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more
2) Where do they usually occur?
In the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
3) When and where did the worst hurricane happen?
It occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. So we call it the 1900 Galveston Hurricane.
Activity 3 An Extraordinary Event
1. Understand this sentence
The Gulf Stream had carried it 3000 kilometers up the eastern US to Prince Edward Island.
墨西哥湾流沿着美国东海岸把棺材一直带到爱德华王子岛，行程3000公里。
2. Fill in the blanks according to the text.
_______ the late 1890s, he _____ _____ to Galveston, _____ he died in 1899, a year before the hurricane ____. The cemetery _______ Coghlan was buried was____ by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin _________ in the sea.
The key: By; had moved; where; struck; where; destroyed ; ended up.
Step 5 Discussion
“If we unexpectedly meet with natural disasters, what can we do to protect ourselves and others?”
Step 6 Homework
1. Collect more information on the Internet about one of the disasters.
Examples: hurricane tornado thunderstorm volcanic eruption earthquake tsunami flood
2. Recite one of the passages.
Period 3 & 4
Teaching Content:
Language Points & Function
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Revision
Step 2 Language Points
A. Words
1．disaster n. 灾难([C]& [U])
a record of disaster 灾难记录
2．flood n.洪水[C]
The rainstorms caused floods in the low-lying part of the town.
暴风雨在该城的低洼地区造成了水灾。
floods of rain/ tears倾盆大雨(泪如泉涌)
a flood of light/ anger/ words/ letters 一片光明(大发雷霆，滔滔的言语，大量的信件)
3．column n.柱状物，柱状体
a column of smoke烟柱
a column of mercury水银柱
the advertising columns广告栏
a long column of figures一长列数字
4．experience
（1）n.[C]经历[U]经验
①an unpleasant/ trying/ unusual experience一个令人不愉快的(难堪的、不平凡的)经历
②We all learn by experience.
我们都从经验中学习。
He hasn’t had enough experience for the job.
他没有足够的经验担当这项工作。
（2）vt. 经历
experience pleasure/ pain/ difficulty经历快乐/ 痛苦/ 困难
5．cause vt.引起，导致
What causes the tides? 潮汐的原因为何？
This has caused us much anxiety. 这件事让我们极为担心。
What caused the plants to die?那些植物系死于何种原因？
You’ve caused trouble to all of us. 你给我们大家都惹了麻烦。
6．current n.海流，潮流
A cold current of air came in when the door was opened.
门打开时进来一股冷风。
The warm currents in the Atlantic influence the climate of Great Britain.
大西洋中暖流影响英国的气候。
The government used the radio to influence the current of thought.
政府利用无线电广播影响思想的趋势。
7．furniture n. 家具[U]
a piece of furniture 一件家具
8．bury vt. 埋葬
He was buried at sea. 他被海葬了。
You wouldn’t like to be buried alive. 你不会喜欢被人活埋。
The house was half buried under snow. 那房屋半截被埋在雪里。She buried her face in her hands. 她用双手蒙住她的脸。
9．occur vi.发生
Don’t let this occur again.
不要让这件事再发生。
occur to想起
An idea has occurred to me. 我想到一个主意。
Did it ever occur to you that…? 你有没想到……？
10．tropical adj.热带的
a tropical climate热带气候
tropical fruits热带水果
11．violent adj. 猛烈的，激烈的
a violent wind/ attack暴风(猛吹)
in a violent temper在盛怒之下
12．strike vt & n.(struck; struck/ stricken)(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击He struck me on the chin. 他打在我下巴上。
The tree was struck by lightning. 那棵树被闪电击中了。
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。(谚语)
strike a match 擦燃火柴
The clock has just struck four. 钟刚敲4下。
13．ruin
（1）vt.毁坏
You will ruin your prospects if you continue to be so foolish.
如果你继续此种愚行，你将自毁前程。
The storm ruined the crops.
暴风雨摧毁了农作物。
（2）n.毁灭，瓦解
the ruin of her hopes 她的希望的幻灭
The building is in ruins. 那建筑物已成断壁残垣。
14．ash n.灰
Don’t drop cigarette ash on the carpet.
不要让香烟灰落在地毯上。
The house was burnt to ashes.
房子烧成灰烬了。
15．erupt vt.(火山的)爆发，喷发
eruption n. 火山爆发
16．previous adj.以前的
on a previous occasion 在早先的一个场合
Aren’t you rather previous in supposing that I will marry you?
你以为我会嫁给你不是言之过早吗？
17．possibility n.
[U]可能，可能性
Is there any/ much possibility of your getting to London this week?
本周你很可能去伦敦吗？
[C]可能之事
Don’t neglect the possibility that his train has been delayed.
不要忽略他所搭的火车有误点的可能。
18．terrifying adj.吓人的，可怕的
What a terrifying experience! 多可怕的一次经历！
19．luckily adv. 幸运地，幸亏
Luckily for me the train was late, so I just caught it.
幸亏火车误点了，所以我刚好搭上。
20．warning n.警告
He paid no attention to my warnings.
他不重视我的警告。
You should take warning from what happened to me.
你应该以我的遭遇为戒。
21．worldwide adj.全世界的
world- wide fame享誉全球
22．active adj.积极的
He’s over 90 and not very active.
他90多岁了，不太活动了。
Mount Vesuvious is an active volcano.
维苏威山是一个活火山。
23．damage n. & v.损失，损害
The storm did great damage to the crops.
那次暴风雨对农作物造成极大的损害。
furniture damaged by fire 被火损坏的家具
B. Phrases
1．pick up
①拾起，捡起
pick up one’s hat 拾起帽子
②得到，获得
pick up a foreign language 学到一种外语
③偶然结识
a girl he picked up on the street 他在街上邂逅的女孩子
④搭载
He stopped the car to pick up a young girl who was hitch-hiking across Europe. 他停下车来搭载一个乘便车旅行欧洲的年轻女郎。
2．take off
①除去，脱掉
take off one’s shirt脱掉衬衫
②移动
Take your hand off my shoulder.把你的手从我肩上移开。
③减少
take 50p off the price减价50便士
④使某人离开某物
The crew were taken off the wrecked ship by the lifeboat.
船员们被救生艇救离了难船。
3．on ( an/the )average平均起来
On average, there are twenty boys present everyday.
平均每天有20个男生出席。
4．end up /end (sth) up结果为……
If you continue to steal, you’ll end up in prison.
如果你继续行窃，总有一天你要坐牢。
We started with soup, and had fruit to end up with.
我们开始喝汤，最后吃水果。
5．set fire to放火
set sth. on fire; set fire to sth.
He set the haystack on fire. 他将那干草堆燃着了。
6．catch fire着火
take/ catch fire 着火
Paper catches fire easily.纸易着火。
7．put out扑灭火
put out the Lights/ the candle/ the gas熄灭灯(烛，煤气)
8．take place
The wedding/ party/ celebration took place yesterday.
婚礼(宴会，庆祝会)在昨日举行。
9．in all 总计
We were fifteen in all.我们共十五位。
C. Sentences
1．（1）He then moved to New York, where he became famous.
（2）The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlan’s coffin ended up in the sea.
▲在第一个句子中，where引导定语从句，指的是in New York，因此这个句子可拆分为
在第二个句子中，where引导的也是定语从句，指的是in the cemetery。这个句子可看作下面两个句子的合成。
（3）They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.▲这个句子中where领导的是一个状语从句，作地点状语，意思是“将家具留在它原来的位置”。where引导定语从句与状语从句区别在于定语从句中会有先行词。
You can find your keys in the place where you put them.(定)
You can find you keys where you put them.(状)
2．On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925, affecting three US states.
（1）第一个句子中出现了分词做定语的用法，相当于一个非限定性的定语从句。On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, which cause about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
（2）第二个句子中，affecting这个分词作状语，此句可看成：The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925 and affected three states.
3．Winds if 200 kilometers per hour and five-metre high waves hit the city.
（1）per每一（后接可数名词单数）
per hour 每小时per metre 每米
per man 每人
（2）five-metre high五米高
a three-year-old child一个三岁的小孩
4．The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000.
a population of…人口
5．People were told to leave the island as ash and steam began to come out of the volcano.
come out(of)出来，摆脱
The buds/ flowers are coming out. 蓓蕾(花)绽放
When will his new book come out? 他的新著会何时出来？
come out of poverty摆脱贫困
6．In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed.
百分数中无论分子为多少，分母都是单数。
60%: 60 percent
7．In all, 830,000 people cost their Lives.
（1）In all: as the total 总共，合计
we were fifteen in all. 我们共有十五位人。
（2）lose one’s life失去生命
生命在这个词组中为可数名词。
lose their lives 失去他们的生命
8．The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the cenited states.
ever adv.有史以来
This is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever seen.
这是我有生以来见过的最美丽的女孩。
9．Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage.
（1）这个句子中caused为过去分词作后置定语表被动。相当于：fires which were caused…
（2）do the damage造成损害
The storm did great damage to the crops.
那次暴风雨对农作物造成极大的损害。
10．About 500 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and 250,000 were made homeless.
△make sb homeless→sb was made homeless
这个结构中homeless为宾语补足语，又如：
make the room clean
Step 3 Homework
Period 5 & 6
Teaching Content:
Grammar
Teaching Procedures:
Step 1 Revision
Step 2 Grammar
A. 过去完成时：形式：“助动词had+过去分词”构成。
1. 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作。
它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”；这一过去时间可用by, at, before 等构成的短语或when, after, until 等引导的从句或通过上下文来表示，如：
By the time he was twelve, Edison __________(begin) to make a living by himself. 2. 表示由过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。
这个动作可能还要延续下去。常和for 或since 引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。
He ____ _____ (live) in New York for ten years before he moved to Boston.
3.用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句。如：
If he _________________(see) you yesterday, he ______________(ask) you about it.
4.用在间接引语或宾语从句中。放在像said, told, thought, wondered 等过去时动词的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的行为。
My friend told me that he___________(pass) the exam.
5.用在It was the first/second time that…句型中。此句型中如主句用一般过去时，that引导的定语从句中用过去完成时。
It was the first time（that）we ________(speak)together.
Choose the best answers:
(1).He _________ more than 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15. (2005北京)
A. has learned
B. would have learned
C. learned
D. had learned
(2).---Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.
---I thought they_____________ without me.
A. went
B. are going
C. have gone
D. had gone
3).He kept looking at her wondering whether he ____________her somewhere.
A. saw
B. has seen
C. sees
D. had seen
B. 直接引语和间接引语
当句子从直接引语变为间接引语时，应特别注意各部分的变化。
1．时态的变化
(1) 若主句动词为过去时的时候，间接引语动词的时态变化如下：
现在时→过去时；过去时/现在完成时/过去完成时→过去完成时
“I’m preparing my lessons,”she said. →She said (that)____ _____preparing ____ lessons.
“I don’t need your help today,” Tom said.→Tom said (that)___ ____need ____ help. He said to me, “I read it yesterday.”→He told me that he _______ it__________.
注：1).表示不变的真理和事实,间接引语中的动词时态不变.
2).表示历史上的事实或有明确的表示时间的状语时,间接引语中的动词时态保持不变.
The geography teacher said to us, “The earth goes around the sun.”
The geography ______ us (that) the earth ________around the sun.
The teacher said, “Columbus discovered America in 1492.”→
The teacher said that Columbus America in 1492.
(2).若主句动词为现在时，间接引语的动词时态不变。
She says, “He was very kind.”→She says (that) he very kind.
2. 人称的变化
(1) 直接引语变为间接引语，人称代词要作相应的变动，使其与动词的人称一致。
(2) 指示代词this these 相应的改为that those.
(3) 在句子的意义不会引起误解的情况下，状语有时也可不变。
“I’ll come here again tomorrow,” she said. 她说：“我明天还要到这儿来。”
→She said (that) she’d go there again the next day/tomorrow.
注：动词come 可根据具体情况相应的改为go.
3. 直接引语为疑问句式的变动。
当直接引语是疑问句时，除主语在人称、时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外，还要注意：
(1) 间接引语中要用陈述句的语序
She asked, “What is it? What’s going to happen now?”
→She asked and then.
(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词要保留。
The boy was wondering, “How does the computer work?”
→The boy was wondering_____________________________.
“Why do you speak English so fluently?”I said to him.→I asked him .
(3) 一般、选择或反意疑问句在间接引语前要加whether 或if
“Is there anything wrong, Madam?” asked the policeman.
→The policeman asked the woman .
He asked me, “Do you study English or French?”→He asked me .
“It’s Mary, isn’t it?” asked Jane.→Jane asked .
4. 直接引语为祈使句时的变动
当直接引语为祈使句时，主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用ask, invite, advise, warn, tell, order 等动词，而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。
“Please explain why you’re two and a half hours late,” the boss said.
→The boss him why he was two and a half hours late. “Don’t give up!”Father shouted to him.→Father him in a loud voice .
“Get everything ready in half an hour,” the teacher said to the students.
→The teacher the students everything ready in half an hour. Step 3 Exercises