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大学英语四级备考笔记

2015年大学英语四级备考笔记：选词填空之解题步骤

本题型出现在阅读部分（共４0分钟），在长篇阅读文章之前。所以本题型共10道小题最佳完成时间应控制在7分钟。

考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出的15个词汇填入１0个空格中。

考试形式与传统考题的完形填空相似。

选词填空,当然是考词汇。但较之以往专门的词汇题,选词填空是对词汇更完全的更高层次的考察;因为它所考察的,是在篇章中对词汇的把握。

考核的主要目的是检查考生在上下文中猜测词义的能力以及单词词性识别能力。

遇到生词怎么办？时间不够怎么办?考前训练时注意培养以上两种能力，考试时加以运用，会大大提高答中率。

篇章词汇理解是大学英语四级考试中出现的一种老题型，这种题是在一篇长度为２20个单词的文章中留出10个单词的空格,要求考生从１5个备选单词中选出10个填入空格处,使文章语句通畅，表达正确。

测试重点:考生对连贯性一致性及逻辑关系等语篇语段的整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解。既考查宏观结构，又考查微观理解。

15个单词中３个名词正确答案＋1个名词干扰答案、3个动词正确答案+1个动词干扰答案、3个形容词正确答案+2个形容词干扰答案、1个副词正确答案+1个副词干扰答案。

解题步骤：

通读全文,抓住中心(首段,首句原则)

阅读选项,词性分类(注意分析动词时态)

全盘考虑，灵活选择（根据所需词性缩小范围，每词只能用一次)

复读全文,核查答案(快速复读，用语感判断是否通顺准确)

大学英语四级备考笔记:选词填空之答题技巧一

答题技巧一:

确定空白处词性

以下情况，空白处为动词：

1 ｎ.／pron. vt．n./ｐrｏn. 前有名后有名，中间谓动

２n．／ｐｒon. vｉ．前名后无名，谓动不及物

3 n.／pron. vｉ. ａdv./prep．前名后介副，谓动不及物

4 n./ｐron．liｎk v．／be aｄj.前名后形容，be动或系动

5 to ｖ. 前有to，后原型

注意：确定空白处为动词,还需根据上下文确定正确形式

以下情况,空白处为分词:

过去分词:

1hａs/havｅ／had p.p(完成时态)

2be p．p(被动语态）

3p．p n．或n．p.p(过去分词做形容词，表示被动或已发生)

现在分词:

１be －iｎg(进行时态)

2-ing n.或n．-ｉng(现在分词做形容词,表示主动或正在进行)

3prｅp. –ing（介词宾语)

以下情况,空白处为名词:

(名词通常做主语或动词介词宾语)

１a/tｈe n. 前有冠词

2n．V. 空白后为谓语动词

3pｒep. ｎ. 空白前为介词，则空白处为名词或动名词

(注意:根据空白处前的冠词和上下文判断所填名词的单复数;根据空白处后的谓语动词的形式判断所填名词的单复数)

以下情况，空白处为形容词：

１adj．ｎ. n. ａdｊ. 空白前后是名词

2adv. ａdj. 空白前是副词

3ｌink v./bｅaｄj．be动或系动后考虑形容词做表语

以下情况,空白处为副词：

1adｖ. v.或v．ａｄv.副词修饰动词,表示程度状态

2adｖ．adj.副词可修饰形容词

3adv.从句,有些副词做句子的状语，表示转折因果等逻辑关系

大学英语四级备考笔记:选词填空之答题技巧二

答题技巧二：

确定考点需要积极意义还是消极意义,继而缩小选择范围,节省大量时间。

Sample: Thｅclａｓｓroom (offers) opportuｎitｉes ｆoｒchildｒｅn ｔo reｐlace ａｎｇｒｙ, violent behaｖｉｏrｓｗitｈ＿_＿_＿＿_ , peaceful ones.

(根据语法判断此处为形容词，与peａｃeful有一样具有积极意义，与前文的angry, ｖiolenｔ词义色彩相反,那么compｒeｈｅnｓive，cooｐeｒative, ｅnｔiｒe应选择ｃoopｅrative)

大学英语四级备考笔记:选词填空之答题技巧三

答题技巧三:

介词后一定是名词或动名词做宾语．

注意to （介词＆动词不定式)

to的短语接动名词:abandｏｎonｅsｅlf to(沉溺于), adhere ｔo(坚持）, sｔick to（坚持,信守）, cling ｔo(坚持，忠于)，ａdmit to(承认）, coｎfｅss ｔｏ(承认）, cｏntrｉbuｔe tｏ(做贡献), ｆeel ｕｐto（感觉能胜任), ｇet ｄown to(开始着手做), gｉｖｅｏne’s mind to(专心）, gｉve way to(让步), yield to(屈服)，ｌead to(导致）, look foｒwaｒd tｏ(渴望), ｏｂjeｃt ｔｏ(反对),ｔake ｔo(开始从事，喜欢), ｔurn to(求助), sｕｃcumb to(屈服), see to（照顾，料理）, get ｕsed ｔo, bｅaｃcuｓｔomed tｏ, be adｄｉcted tｏ, be ｃｏmmｉtteｄｔo, be dedicaｔeｄt ｏ, be dｅｖoｔed tｏ, ｂｅoppｏsed to, be rｅdｕced to, ｂe subｊect ｔo(受支配的,常遭受), subｍit ｔo(顺从，屈服）

大学英语四级备考笔记：选词填空之答题技巧四

答题技巧四:

利用不定冠词(a/an)判断考点是否为元音开头,缩小选择范围

Ｓａmple: Husbanｄａnd chｉldren nｏw do ｓoｍe oｆthｅse joｂs, a ____ that haｓｃhａｎgｅｄthｅｔarget maｒkｅt ｆor ｍa ｎy ｐroducｔｓ.

(scale, potｅntｉal, gaｐ, extｒeｍe，ｐurchase, situaｔion)

大学英语四级备考笔记：选词填空之答题技巧五

答题技巧五:

充分利用词库中的近义词或反义词

(若词库中出现一对近义或反义词,其中一个必定是干扰项.反义词考查学生对文章语境色彩的辨析，只要辨析考点单词是积极还是消极意义，就不难排除.近义词考查考生对词汇搭配用法的掌握，需要学生牢记近义词的各种用法及搭配。)

Sample:

Ａ) gravely B）rｅspecｔＣ) ｌimiteｄ

D）ｓｐecialize E) seｒiouｓly F) pｒｏｍoting

Ｇ) inｖｏｌves H) relieved I) sｉｇniｆｉｃant

J) magｎifｉcenｔK) ｒaｎge L) issｕes

M）result N) ｄeteｒｍiniｎg O）coｍplicated

Toｄay, ｗe tａke paｉn＿＿____.

(此处应用副词做状语,考查近义词辨析．Take ｓｔh. serｉously为固定搭配)

答题技巧六:

注意一词多性：词库中的词有的既是名词又是动词,有些分词也可以充当形容词,确定空白处所需单词词性后要全面考虑词库中的单词词性，不能遗漏。

(resｐect，result, ranｇe)

考试真题演练

ＥＩNｉｎo is tｈe ｎaｍｅgiｖen tｏｔhe ｍysteｒｉous aｎd oftｅn unpreｄicｔable ｃhangｅiｎｔhe ｃｌimate ｏf the world．Ｔhis strａnge 47 happens ｅｖery five to eighｔyeaｒs. Ｉｔstaｒｔs in the paｃific Oｃeａn and ｉｓthoughｔto be ｃauseｄby a fａilure in tｈe trａｄｅwｉｎds（信风), wｈｉch affects the ｏｃean currents dｒiven by ｔhese ｗiｎds. As the ｔraｄe wｉｎdｓlesse ｎin 48 , ｔhｅｏceaｎtｅmpｅｒatｕreｓrｉse，ｃausing thｅP ｅｒｕcｕrｒent flowing in fｒoｍthｅeａｓt ｔo ｗarm ｕp ｂy as ｍuch aｓ5℃（deｇrｅes ｃentigｒadｅ).

Tｈｅwarning of the ocｅａｎｈaｓｆａr-rｅacｈing ｅffects. The hot, huｍid (潮湿的)ａir over tｈe ocean cauｓeｓsevｅre 49 thundｅrstorms. The ｒａinfａlｌis inｃreaｓed acｒoｓs Sｏｕth Ａｍｅrica, 50 ｆloｏds to Peru. In tｈe ＷｅsｔPacific，thｅre ａre droughtｓafｆectiｎg Australia aｎd Indｏnｅsiａ. So whilｅsoｍe ｐarｔs of the world pｒｅpare fｏr heavy rains ａnd ｆlｏｏds, other parｔs faｃe d ｒoｕｇhｔ, poor crops ａnd 51 .

EI Nino usｕａlly lａsts for about １8 ｍonths. Tｈe 198２-８３EI N ｉnｏbroｕｇhｔthe moｓt 5２wｅatheｒin modｅrn histｏｒy. Its

ｅffecｔｗａs ｗｏｒlｄwide and ｉt left ｍorｅthan ２,０00 pｅoｐle dead ａｎd caｕsed over eigｈt billioｎｐｏundｓ5３of damag ｅ. Ｔhｅ19９0 EI Ｎｉｎｏlastｅｄunｔil Ｊune １９95. Sｃienｔiｓｔs ５4 this to bｅthｅlｏnｇesｔEI Nino for 2,0０0 years.

Nowadaｙs, ｗｅatｈer ｅxpeｒｔs are ablｅto fｏrｅcast ｗh ｅn ａn ＥI Nｉｎo ｗill 5５, but they arｅｓtill nｏt 56 sure ｗhat leaｄｓｔｏit or whaｔaffects ｈoｗstrｏng it ｗill bｅ．

其选项如下:

A) ｅｓtｉmate; B) strengｔｈ;

Ｃ）ｄelibｅratｅly; D）noｔify;

E) trｏｐicaｌ；F) phenomｅnon;

G) stabｌｅ; H) ａttｒacｔｉｏn;

I) ｃｏｍpleｔely; J) desｔrucｔive；

Ｋ) sｔaｒvatｉon; Ｌ) bringing；

Ｍ) exhaustion; Ｎ) worｔh;

O) strikｅ

解题方法

一、辨析词性

把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。

纵观样题和真题,我们知道1５个词汇都属于最重要的四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇的基本搭配和基本用法。

辨性要注意下面几点。

1.遇到动词进行二次分类：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数;但应注意动词＋ed型的有两种可能性，动词或形容词;遇到名词要确定单数还是复数。

2．不认识的单词,看后缀。构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词的后缀，往往能大致分出词性。

3.词性一时无法确定的，暂时搁置,不必纠缠，影响全局。

4.作出相应的标记。可直接用自己最清楚的符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚的都标问号。

以真题为例辨词性

Ａ）ｅstｉｍate; B）strength;

C) deliｂerａｔelｙ; Ｄ）noｔｉfy;

E) tropｉｃaｌ; F) pｈenoｍeｎon;

Ｇ）sｔaｂlｅ; Ｈ) attraｃtｉoｎ;

Ｉ) ｃoｍpleｔelｙ；J) dｅsｔrｕctiｖe；

K) sｔarvａｔｉon；L) briｎｇing;

M) ｅxhａustion；N) worｔh;

O) Ｓtrikｅ

名词：B,Ｆ,H,Ｋ，M

(B的后缀ｔh, H、K、M的tiｏn都是名词后缀)

谓语动词：A,D,O

(A的-ate极可能是动词,Ｄ的-ｆy为动词后缀)

大学英语四级试卷)

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大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7

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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite

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【考】 be accustomed to - 4 adapt vi.适应- 【考】 adapt to适应- 5 adjust vi. 适应- 【考】 adjust to... 适应- 6 advocate vt.宣扬- 7 affluent a.富裕的- 【派】 affluence n. 富裕- 8 annoy vt. 使烦恼 , 使恼怒- 【派】 annoying a.令人恼人的; - annoyance n.烦恼; - annoyed a. 颇为生气的- 9 ascribe vt. 把归咎于- 【考】 ascribe..to归因于- 10 assess vt. 评估- 【派】 assessment n.评估- 11 assign vt. 指派，选派；分配，布置（作业）-【派】 assignment作业- 12 assume vt. 假象、假定- 13 attain vt.获得- 【考】attain one's ideal达到理想- 14 attribute vt.把归因于- 【考】attribute sth.? to把 ... 归咎于- 15 attribute vt.归咎于【考】 be attributed to? attribute sth. to- 16 automatically ad.自动地- 17 boost vt.提高，推动，使增长n.推动，增长-【例】boost the economy推动经济增长- 【派】booster n.支持者，推动器-

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