Unit One What is Geomatics
Unit One What is Geomatics?
Geomatics Defined
Where does the word Geomatics come from? GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and –MATICS for informatics. It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people. The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy”or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer science- and/or GIS-oriented courses. Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand for a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment. Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling natural resources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human activities. As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and computer sciences to spatial planning, land development and the environmental sciences. Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the International Standards Organization (ISO), so it is here to stay.
“Geomatic”这个词是从哪里来的？大地测量学+地理信息=测绘学或者“GEO”-地球，“MATICS”-数学或者“GEO”-地球科学，“MATICS”–信息。有人说，测绘学对不同的人有不同的意义。测绘学的定义第一次作为一个学科出现在加拿大；在过去几年中，它已经被引入到全世界许多高等教育机构中，主要是通过重命名原先称为“大地测量学”或“测量”的学科，并加入了一些计算机科学和/或GIS课程。现在这个术语包含了传统测量的定义以及持续增长的测量的重要性，这种重要性体现在新技术的发展和对各种空间关系类型信息的不断增长的需求，特别是在环境的测量和监测方面。越来越多的危险体现在地区的人口的膨胀，土地的升值，自然资源的减少，和受人类活动影响的土地、水和空气质量的持续压力。因此，测绘学包含从各种工程科学中的地球科学和计算机科学到空间规划，土地开发与环境科学。现在测绘学这个词已经被若干国际机构所接受，包括国际标准化组织（ISO），所以在这里我们对它进行介绍。
The term “surveyor” is traditionally used to collectively describe those engaged in the above activities. More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Surveyor for example, are commonly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specialized expertise.
“测绘师”是传统上用于描述那些从事上述活动的人。更加明确的工作说明，例如土地测量师，工程测量师或海道测量师，常用于从业人员更清楚地描述和商业化他们的专业知识。（注：Registered Surveyor-注册测绘师）
The term geomatics is a recent creation to convey the true collective and scientific nature of these related activities and has the flexibility to allow for the incorporation of future technological developments in these fields. Adoption of the term also allows a coherent marketing of the profession to industry and schools on a worldwide basis. As a result, both course and award titles in the traditional Land Surveyor sector at many of the world’s leading universities are being changed to “Degree in Geomatics”.
This does not suggest the demise of the term “surveyor”and graduates will still practice as land surveyors or photogrammetrists, etc. as appropriate to their specialization.
测绘学这个术语是最近被创造出来的，用来表达这些相关活动的真实的集体的和科学的性质，并且具有很大的灵活性，以允许这些领域的未来技术发展的纳入。对这个术语的采用，同样允许了该行业从产业到学校一系列的商业化。其结果是，其课程和传统的土地测量师的授予称号在许多世界一流大学已变为“测绘学学位”。但这并不意味着长期以来“测绘师”这个名称的终止，而且这些毕业生仍将作为土地测量师或摄影测量师等合适的名称来发挥他们的专长。
In the last decade, there has been dramatic development and growth in the use of hardware and software solutions to both measure and process geo-spatial data. This has created and will continue to create new areas of application, with associated job opportunities for suitably qualified graduates. As a result, the role of the "surveyor" is expanding beyond traditional areas of practice, as described above, into new areas of opportunity. In addition, recent advances in the technology of data collection and processing have blurred the boundaries of practice and activity between what were previously regarded as related but separate areas. Such developments are forecast to continue and will create new career paths for graduates whose education and training is broadly based and of a high academic standard.
在过去十年中，在使用软硬件解决从测量到处理地理空间数据方面出现了戏剧性的发展和增长。这已经产生了并将继续产生新的应用领域，并为适当的合格毕业生提供了相关的工作机会。因此，“测绘师”的角色已经超出了传统的业务领域，如上文所述，进入了一个充满机遇的新领域。此外，在数据采集和处理技术方面的最新进展，已经模糊了实践和活动之间以前被视为相关但不同的领域之间的边界。这种发展预计将为经过了基础广泛的教育和培训具有很高的学术标准的毕业生继续创造新的职业道路。
To enable graduates to take full advantage of these developments, significant changes in education and training are required. Academic and professional institutions are also responding, in part, by adopting the term geomatics both as a course and as an award title. A working definition of geomatics, which reflects current thinking and predicted change, is:
为了使毕业生充分利用这些发展，教育和培训方面重大变革是必要的。学术和专业机构也做出了回应，其中一部分就是采用测绘学作为一个学科和作为一个授予称号。一个反映了当前思想和预计变化的测绘学的工作定义，是：
The science and technology of acquiring, storing, processing, managing, analyzing and presenting geographically referenced information (geo-spatial data). This broad term applies both to science and technology, and integrates the following more specific disciplines and technologies including surveying and mapping, geodesy, satellite positioning, photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), land management, computer systems, environmental visualization and computer graphics.
地理相关信息（空间数据）的获取，存储，处理，管理，分析和显示的科学和技术。这种广义的定义，既适用于科学也适用于技术，集成了以下更具体的学科和技术，包括测量与制图、大地测量、卫星定位、摄影测量、遥感、地理信息系统
（GIS）、土地管理、计算机系统、可视化和计算机绘图。
Several terms such as "geomatics," "geomatic engineering," and "geoinformatics" are now in common use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geographic information.
These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic information is collected, managed, and applied. Along with land surveying, photogrammetry, remote sensing, and cartography, GIS is an important component of geomatics.
一些诸如“测绘学”，“地理信息工程，”和“地理信息”等定义现在普遍应用于涉及地理信息的有关活动。这些定义首先被用来代表地理信息收集，管理和应用的一般方法。与土地测量、摄影测量、遥感和制图学一样，地理信息系统是测绘学的一个重要组成部分。
Branches of Geomatics
Data acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system (GPS), satellite positioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography and satellite imagery. It also includes the acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and data collected by related agencies.
数据采集技术包括野外实地测量，全球定位系统（GPS），卫星定位，和来源于航空摄影和卫星影像的遥感图像。它还包括从旧地图扫描和从有关机构进行的数据库数据采集。
Data management and process are handled through the use of computer programs for engineering design, digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information systems (GIS). Data plotting (presentation) is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs; the presentations are displayed on computer screens (where interactive editing can occur) and are output on paper from digital plotting devices.
Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in computer memory, they are available for use by a wide variety of users. Through the use of modem information technology (IT), geomatics brings together professionals in the following disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineering, forestry, agriculture, planning and development, geology, geographical sciences, infrastructure management, navigation, environmental and natural resources monitoring, and computer science.
Other Definitions of Geomatics.
工程设计，数字摄影测量，图像分析，关系数据库管理，地理信息系统（GIS）中数据的管理和加工都是通过计算机程序进行的。数据绘图（描述，表达）是通过使用绘图和其他示范的计算机程序；这种表达显示在电脑屏幕（可以进行交互式编辑）和通过数字绘图设备输出到纸上。
一旦地理实体的位置和属性已被数字化并存储在计算机的内存中，它们即可以被各种各样的用户使用。通过使用现代信息技术（IT），测绘学汇集了以下学科的专业人员：测量，绘图，遥感，土地登记，土木和海洋工程，林业，农业，规划和开发，地质，地理科学，基础设施管理，导航，环境和自然资源的监测，与计算机科学。
As defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal"
Geomatica":
Geomatics is a field of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific, administrative, legal and technical operations involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information.
The definition of Geomatics is evolving. A working definition might be "the art, science and technologies related to the management of geographically-referenced information." Geomatics includes a wide range of activities, from the acquisition and analysis of site-specific spatial data in engineering and development surveys to the application of GIS and remote sensing technologies in environmental management. It includes cadastral surveying, hydrographic surveying, and ocean mapping, and it plays an important role in land administration and land use management.
在加拿大地理信息研究所在其季刊杂志“geomatica”中的定义为：测绘学是一个活动领域，它使用系统的方法，将所有的手段来获取和管理要求的空间数据，比如空间信息生产和管理过程中包含的科研，行政，法律和技术操作的部分数据。测绘学的定义是不断变化的。一个工作定义可能是“与地理参照信息管理有关的艺术，科学和技术。”测绘学包括一个范围广泛的活动，从工程和开发测绘中特定地点的空间数据的采集和分析到地理信息系统和遥感技术在环境管理中的应用。它包括地籍测量，水道测量，海洋测绘，并在土地管理和土地利用管理中发挥了重要作用。
Geomatics is the modern scientific term referring to the integrated approach of measurement, analysis, management, storage and display of the descriptions and location of Earthbased data, often termed spatial data. These data come from many sources, including earth orbiting satellites, air and sea-borne sensors and ground based instruments. It is processed and manipulated with state-of-the-art information technology using computer software and hardware. It has applications in all disciplines which depend on spatial data, including environmental studies, planning, engineering, navigation, geology and geophysics, oceanography, land development and land ownership and tourism. It is thus fundamental to all the geoscience disciplines which use spatially related data.
测绘学是现代科学术语，指的是地球基础数据（通常被称为空间数据）的描述和位置的测量，分析，处理，存储和显示的综合办法。这些数据有多种来源，包括地球轨道卫星，空中和海上传感器和地面设备。它被使用基于计算机软件和硬件的先进的信息技术处理和操作。它已被应用于依赖空间数据的所有学科，包括环境研究，规划，工程，导航，地质学和地球物理学，海洋学，土地开发和土地所有权和旅游业。它因此成为利用空间相关数据的一切地球科学学科的基础。[ from the School of Geomatic Engineering, Univ. of New South Wals]
Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial data concerning both the Earths physical features and the built environment. The principal disciplines embraced by Geomatics include the mapping sciences, land management, geographic information systems, environmental visualisation, geodesy, photogrammetry, remote sensing and surveying.
测绘学是有关测量，描述，分析，管理，检索和显示地球物理特征及建筑环境有关的空间数据的学科。测绘学的主要学科包括地图科学，土地管理，地理信息系统，环境监测，
大地测量，摄影测量，遥感和测量。
Geomatics comprises the science, engineering, and art involved in collecting and managing geographically- referenced information. Geographical information plays an important role in activities such as environmental monitoring, management of land and marine resources, and real estate transactions.
测绘学包括地理参考信息收集和管理中的科学，工程和艺术。地理信息在环境监测，土地和海洋资源管理和房地产交易等活动中发挥了重要作用。
[from the Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at UNB]
The science of Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis, management, retrieval and display of spatial information describing both the Earth's physical features and the built environment. Geomatics includes disciplines such as: Surveying, Geodesy, Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, Cartography, Geographic Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems.
测绘科学是有关测量，描述，分析，管理，检索和显示描述地球物理特征及建筑环境的空间信息的一门科学。测绘学包含了以下学科：测量，大地测量，摄影测量与遥感，制图学，地理信息系统，全球定位系统。
[from the at the Un iv. of Tasmania ]