综合英语试题
综合英语试题
Ⅰ.choices (15)课本
Ⅱ句型转换(20) 课本
Ⅲ reading comprehension (30)(两篇阅读三级A试题，两篇4级)
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks with the following words in the most appropriate forms.
1. Many famous people are of humble origin.（unit 1）
2. All visitors were filled with reverence when they gazed at Niagara Falls—a true wonder of nature.
3. The next part of his speech concerns the development of local economy.
4. The explosion caused a huge round stone to tumble down the hill.(unit 3)
5. Those boxes containing glassware are usually printed with the words “handle with care”.
6. My father looked at me and did not say anything. But I knew his silence was the equivalent of encouragement and trust.
7. The woman pleaded not guilty. She denied that she had stolen the expensive fur coat.
8. When I was young, children could not contradict their parents with impunity.
9. In his autobiography, the former president reveals many details of his first visit to China.(unit 8)
10. Economical balance is an important means to ensure sustainable development of the economy in a nation.
retribution; relieve; sacrifice ; vacant; mingling; spot; relate; screen
identical; otherwise
1.A number of pyramids in Egypt have identical size and design. (unit 9)
2.The millionaire related to his grandchildren the story of his success.(unit 10)
3.The thief decided to stop stealing for fear of divine retribution.(unit 7)
4.As he met his long-lost brother, the man let out a cry which was a mingling of joy and surprise. (unit5)
5.The teacher spoke so fast that all the students looked at him with a rather vacant expression.
6.All applicants must be screened by security department before they can interview the President. (unit 9,
7.Shared parenting makes it possible for professional women not to have to sacrifice their careers to care for children at home.(unit 8)
8. The Baptist minister at last told the lady about his accidental killing of the little dog, and that relieve d him of his sense of guilt.(unit 4)
9.The captain suddenly spott ed an immense iceberg floating towards his ship. (unit 3)
10. My great-uncle was a little clumsy, otherwise he was a perfect minister.(unit 6)
Ⅱ. Rewrite the following sentences using the given expressions.
Run out of something, be devoid of, make one?s way to, in the wrong, bits and pieces, Roar with laughter, retire from, come up, for the sake of, in conflict with.
1. Since his assistant has taken over all the work, the old manager will soon stop doing his job.
2. A teacher is different from an actor in that he must be ready to handle any unexpected problems which might arise in the classroom.(unit 4)
3. I realize that it is my fault.
4. Automobiles are subjected to an annual inspection for the purpose of traffic safety.(unit 6)
5.With reform and opening-up policy, China is advancing towards prosperity.(unit 11)
6. My nephew always uses up his pocket money before the end of each month.
7. Those who treat poor people coldly lack human sympathy.unit 13
8. In a slip of the tongue, the speaker said in his opening remarks “Good ladies, morning and gentlemen.” The audience laughed hilariously.(unit 3)
9.The carpenter could only find some small things to do in the basement.
10.His suggestion was novel to us. And it was completely the opposite of the conventional idea.
above all; to such an extent; above all; react to ;hinge on
fall into ;refer to; all but; might as well; resound with
1.In “Transforming Mars”, the recommended program is divided into five stages. (fall into)(unit9)
2. I chose the car for its speed, comfort, and most important, for its reliability.
()(unit 1)
3. I don?t know which companies she was talking about when se spoke of competing firms. (referring to) (unit 10)
4. With restrictive bindings applied to my knees, I was clumsy to such a degree that I could only hobble along.(unit 5)(to such an extent)
5.Since you have to pass the exam, you had better do some revision.(unit 6)(might as well)
6.When it reached home for help, the dog was almost dead from the exhaustion.(unit 12, all but)
7.The boy responded to his teacher?s criticism by turning his back on the teacher. （unit 10, react to）
8. The girl is waiting for her boyfriend?s call in such an anxiety that it seems as if her fate depended totally on the ringing.(unit 8, hinge on)
9.Auto-manufactures suggest that solar energy could be used instead of petrol.(unit 4, an alternative to)
10. The woods behind our house were filled with birds?twittering in the early morning.()(unit 11)
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension
Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B), C) and D). You should choose the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Most people buy a lot of gifts just before Christmas. But some people think they buy too much. They have started a special day called Buy Nothing Day. They don?t want anyone to go shopping on that day.
Buy Nothing Day is November 29. It?s 25 days before Christmas. The idea for Buy Nothing Day started in Vancouver, British Columbia. Now people all over the United States celebrate Buy Nothing Day. In California, parents and children get together to read stories, sing songs and paint pictures. The children talk about why they don?t need a lot of toys.
This year in Albuquerque, New Mexico high school students wanted to tell other students about Buy Nothing Day. They organized a simple dinner to give people information about Buy Nothing Day. They asked restaurants in the neighborhood to donate(赠送) and talked to other students about it. The dinner was a big success, and many students agreed not to buy anything on November 29. the students at he high school liked the idea of this new tradition. Next year, they want to have another dinner to inform more people about Buy Nothing Day!
36. Some people start Buy Nothing Day because they think___.
A. people need more time to do other things
B. people buy to many gifts for Christmas
C. people can hardly afford to buy a lot of gifts
D. people waste too much time going shopping
37. The idea for Buying Nothing Day first started in____
A. California.
B.Albuquerque.
C. British Columbia
D. New Mexico
38.To make Buying Nothing Day more popular, the students in Albuquerque plan to ___
A. Provide free food to more people.
B. persuade more restaurants to donate food.
C. put up more advertising posters on that day.
D. have another dinner to inform more people of the Day.
39. According to passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Buy Nothing Day has become popular in the United States.
B. Restaurants have a tradition of donating food on holidays.
C. Gift shops are expected to be closed on Buy Nothing Day.
D. Children like the idea of Buy Nothing Day best.
40. The best title for the passage might be___
A.Buy Nothing Day in the U.S.
B. The Future of Buy Nothing Day
C. Free Dinners on Buy Nothing Day
D. Students? Activities on Buy Nothing Day (三级B, answer:BCDAA)
（三级B）
Unlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service. The government does help pay for some medical care for people who are on low incomes and for old people, but most people buy insurance(保险) to help pay for medical care. the problems of those who cannot afford insurance are an important political subject.
In Britain, when people are ill, they usually go to a family doctor first. However, people in America sometimes go straight to an expert without seeing their family doctor first. Children are usually taken to a doctor who is an expert in treatment(治疗) of children. In Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, their family doctor will usually recommend a specialist.
Doctors do not go to people?s homes when they are ill. People always make an appointment to see the doctor in the doctor?s office. In a serious situation, people call for an ambulance(救护车). The government will then help pay for some of the cost of the medical care.
36. Some medical care is paid by the U.S. government for___
A. people living in the country
B. non-government officials
C. people with insurance
D. the poor and the old
37. Most people in the U.S. buy insurance__
A.to pay for their own medical care
B . to help to live o their low incomes
C. to improve the national health care service
D. to serve one of the important political problems
38.What do British people usually do when they are ill?
A. They go to see their family doctor first
B. They go to see a specialist first
C. They call for a specialist doctor
D. They call for a family doctor.
39.In America, seriously ill patients will___
A. be treated if they have an insurance
B. make an appointment with a specialist only
C. receive treatment even without insurance
D. normally go to see an expert for treatment
40. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A. Types of Doctors in the U.S. and Britain
B. Health Care in the U.S. and Britain
C. Treatment of Sick Children in the U.S
D. Medical Insurance in the U.S. and Britain （三级B：D,A,A,C,B）
Passage 1 ( 已核对)
The economy of the United states after 1952 was the economy of a well－fed，almost fully employed people. Despite occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. An economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950?s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country?s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty－five million dollars every hour ,all round the clock。Sixty－five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. To some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid－1920?s . As farmer?s sh are of their products declined , marketing costs rose。But there were, among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority. Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the opposite－depression.
1. What is the best title of the passage？
A) The Agricultural Trends of 1950?s
B) The Unemployment Rate of 1950?s
C) U.S. Economy in the 50?s
D) The Federal Budget of 1952
2. In Line 4, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.
A) nearby explosion
B) thunderous noise
C) general public support
D) rapid economic growth
3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economy with an air of _________。
A) confidence
B) confusion
C) disappointment
D) suspicion
4. Which of the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950?s？
A) Economists
B) Farmers
C) Politicians
D)Steelworkers
5.The passage states that income available for spending in the U。S。was greater in 1955 than in 1950 。How much was it ？
A) 60%
B) 50%
C) 33%
D) 90%
答案：cdabc
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage：
The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun，but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years，pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed，but increasingly，experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic device such as portable computers，radio and cassette players and mobile telephones。
RTCA，an organization which advises the aviation（航空）industry，has recommended that all airlines ban（禁止）such devices from being used during “critical” stages of flight，particularly take－off and landing。Some experts have gone further，calling for a total ban during all flights。Currently，rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines。And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take－off and landing，most are reluctant to enforce a total ban，given that many passengers want to work during flights。
The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft?s computers。Experts know that portable device emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication。But，because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laboratory，they have no way of knowing whether the interference might be dangerous or not。
The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable（易受损的）to interference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in order to damage navigation equipment。As worrying，though，is the passenger who can?t hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the music?s too loud。
21。The passage is mainly about ___________。
A）a new regulation for all airlines
B）the defects of electronic devices
C）a possible cause of aircraft crashes
D）effective safety measures for air flight
22。What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past 15 years？
A）They may have been caused by the damage to the radio systems。
B）They may have taken place during take－off and landing。
C）They were proved to have been caused by the passengers? portable computers。D）They were suspected to have resulted from electromagnetic interference。
23。Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengers using electronic devices because __________。
A）they don?t believe there is such a danger as radio interference
B）the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to be proved
C）most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use of radio and cassette players
D）they have other effective safety measures to fall back on
24。Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects of electromagnetic fields on an airplane?s computers？
A）Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such research on an airplane。B）Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable to be interfered with。C）Because research scientists have not been able to produce the same effects in labs。
D）Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research。
25。It can be inferred from the passage that the author ___________。
A）is in favor of prohibiting passengers? use of electronic devices completely
B）has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interference
C）hasn?t forme d his own opinion on this problem
D）regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flight
答案
翻译：这种干扰源尚未最后确定，但是专家们越来越多的指责便携式电脑、收音机、录音机、移动电话等电子设备。
这句话里面的but increasingly，我觉得值得记住，很多同学写作文的时候喜欢用
more and more people…，用的人多了就没有新意了，换成people in increasing numbers…或者the growing number of people…或者文中这样的形式就容易给阅卷老师一个好的印象。
先大概看一下题干，21是主题题，25是态度题，中间3个是细节题。文章有4段，按顺序来找答案。
21。主题一般在第一段段首。如果这个题出现在中间的话，一般对应某一段的内容和主题，范围小一点，比较容易。如果是第1题或最后一题，则对应整篇文章。我们可以把这个题放一放，最后来做。
22。题干有数字，很容易在文中第一段找到对应的句子。注意could，表示可能所以选D：怀疑他们是电磁干扰的结果。A中the radio systems过于细节，此段没有提到。B此段也没有提到。D出现在列举里面，而且前提是unconfirmed。23。关键句在二段最后一句，given that many passengers want to work during flights。很多乘客要在飞行期间工作，可以推断他们拒绝禁令（真是要工作不要命）选C。
24。三段because 后面给出了解释：因为他们不能在实验室重现这些影响，所以他们没办法知道干扰是不是有危险。所以选C。A文中没有说过，B和第二句相反，D没有提到
25。作者没有很明确的态度，只是做客观的说明，描写了很多情况，但没有表明自己的立场和看法。A赞成禁令；B高估危险；C没有形成自己的观点；D认为禁令无理。应该选C。
再看21题，本文的主题是关于说电磁干扰可能影响飞机安全。选C。A新的航线规章；B电子设备的缺点；C一个可能引起飞机坠落的原因；D飞行的安全措施。
文章第一段给出主题，也给出了21、22的答案，23题答案在二段，24题答案在三段，25题也可以从前面得出答案。四段句子又长又复杂，但是我们看一个题干找一个答案，前三段已经提供了足够的信息。所以考试的时候四段可以快速扫过甚至不看。
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: ACBDC 已经核查
Dogs are social animals and without proper training，they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house，destroy your belongings，bark excessively，fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train it. Obedience training doesn?t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “come here, sit,? it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack（群）by using
extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate（从属的）role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
21. Behavior problems of dogs are believe to _______.
A) be just part of their nature
B) worsen in modern society
C) occur when they go wild
D) present a threat to the community
22. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______.
A) teach the dog to perform clever tricks
B) make the dog aware of its owner?s authority
C) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior
D) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior
23. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.
A) essential to solving the dog?s behavior problems
B) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
C) a good way to teach the dog new tricks
D)an extreme measure in obedience training
24. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
A) To avoid being punished.
B) To show their affection for their masters.
C) To win leadership of the dog pack.
D) To show their willingness to obey.
25. When a dog has received effective obedience training,its owner _______.
A) can give the dog more rewards
B) will enjoy a better family life
C) can give the dog more freedom
D) will have more confidence in himself
Passage Two
There are three kinds of goals：short－term，medium－range and long－term goals。
Short－range goals are those that usually deal with current activities，which we can apply on a daily basis。Such goals can be achieved in a week or
less，or two weeks，or possible months。It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ，out long－term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short－term goals。Upon completing our short－term goals，we should date the occasion and then add new short－term goals that will build on those that have been completed。
The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short－range goals。They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year，or they could even extend for several years。Any time you move a step at a time，you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed。As you complete each step，you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed。And as your list of completion dates grow，your motivation and desire will increase。
Long－range goals may be related to our dreams of the future。They might cover five years or more。Life is not a static thing。We should never allow a long－term goal to limit us or our course of action。
1。Our long－term goals mean a lot__。
a。if we complete our short－range goals
b。if we cannot reach solid short－term goals
c。if we write down the dates
d。if we put forward some plans
2。New short－term goals are bulid upon__。
a。two years
b。long－term goals
c。current activities
d。the goals that have been completed
3。When we complete each step of our goals ，__。
a。we will win final success
b。we are overwhelmed
c。we should build up confidence of success
d。we should strong desire for setting new goals
4。Once our goals are drawn up，__。
a。we should stick to them until we complete them
b。we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunities
c。we had better wait for the exciting news of success
d。we have made great decision
5。It is implied but not stated in the passage that ___。
a。those who have long－term goals will succeed
b。writing down the dates may discourage you
c。the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desination
d。every should have a goal
答案：adcbc二
In November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure. The authorities promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists were certain that it would occur again within five years at the latest. In July 1997, there was a repeat performance which produced varying degrees of
chaos throughout the city of eight million people. In 1965, the failure occurred in the cool autumn and at a time of comparative prosperity. In 1997, the disaster was much more serious because it came when unemployment was high and the city was suffering form one of its worst heat waves.
In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1997, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television sets. Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.
Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:30 p.m., when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise.
The vast majority of New Yorkers , however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerator, elevators, water and electrical power. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.
46. From the first paragraph, we know that _____ were right.
A. the authorities
B. the pessimists
C. both the authorities and the pessimists
D. neither the authorities nor the pessimists
47. In what way was the blackout of 1997 not really a repeat performance?
A. There was much more disorder.
B. This time the electricity supply failed.
C. It was quite unexpected.
D. It did not occur within five years of 1965.
48. As far as maintaining the peace was concerned, conditions in 1997 were comparatively ___________.
A. more favorable
B. less favorable
C. uncharged
D. improved
49. What caused the blackout in July 1997?
A. Excessive heat probably made people switch on too many electrical appliances.
B. Because of unemployment, some machines were not in proper working order.
C. During a storm, lightning damaged supply cables.
D. The passage does not mention the cause.
50. Why did many looters manage to escape?
A. The police could not see them in the dark.
B. Many of the looters were armed with guns.
C. There were not enough policemen to catch them all.
D. They were hidden inside big buildings. 46 D 47 A 48 B 49 C 50 C
Passage Two BACDC
I don?t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it?s like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the
universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards—was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don?t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn?t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don?t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women?s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how may of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don?t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don?t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that?s a sight worth talking about.
62. Why doesn?t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more important
63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author?s failures to ________.
A) the very fact that she is a woman
B) her involvement in gender politics
C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
C) People?s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.
D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.
65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
B) Her students? performance has brought back her confidence.
C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.
D) More female students are pursuing science than before.
66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A) Women students needn?t have the concerns of her generation.
B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
这是一篇与性别歧视有关的文章，讲的是女性应该如何面对性别歧视的问题。作者以第一人称的形式，以亲身的经历来说明女性在面对性别歧视时应该采取不屑一顾的态度。
全文一共四个大段，开篇为I don?t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again，以“again”一词造成悬疑，引起读者对原因的探究，而后整个第一段叙述了相对于这一again的上一次作者面对性别问题时的态度;并解释了原因是兴趣不在于此(I never found them interesting)。
第二段开始初步为“again”释疑，叙述了作者从最初对性别问题的超然态度(it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom)转变为积极捍卫女性利益态度(I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind)的过程。
第三段进一步为“again”释疑，叙述作者重又悟出应回归超然态度的心理经历。从Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don?t study sociology or political theory这一问一答可以看出，虽然多年过去，但作者用以对付性别问题这一心理重担的利器依然是兴趣(don?t study sociology or political theory)。
最后一段叙述了作者重归超然态度后如何教导学生正确地面对性别问题。在有些学生因性别问题(如何在科学研究和生儿育女间的愿望之间做出选择)而忧虑时，作者以身言教(heavily pregnant doing physics experiments)，告诉学生们应该忘记性别问题。作者的表率起了作用，像她们的老师一样，学生们把精力完全放在了兴趣上面(45 women driven by a love of science)。
文章的内容虽然涉及了社会问题，但切入角度是主观第一人称，语言修辞上更为接近散文(essay)的风格，所以相对于议论文、说明文较容易理解。
62. Why doesn?t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A) She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
B) She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.
C) She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D) She finds space research more important.
这道题某权威机构给的答案是B，She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination，我认为这个结论有待商榷。
题目问作者为什么不想再一次谈论作为一个女科学家的感受。四个选项的意思是：
A，工作在一个男性主导的领域里让她感到不快乐。
B，她对性别歧视问题感到厌倦了。
C，她不善于讲述此类故事。
D，她发现太空研究更为重要。
文章第一段就讲述了作者不愿再评论自己作为女科学家的事实。这一段的意思是这样的：
我不想再一次谈论我作为女性科学家的事情。在我的人生中，有那么一段时
间，人们总是问我，在一个被男性主导的领域中工作都会发生什么故事。我从来都不善于给他们讲述那些故事，因为，说真的，我觉得那些故事一点意思也没有。让我觉得有意思的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状，和黑洞的本质。
结合全文来看，第二段叙述作者曾经陷入女性主义的炽热情绪当中，而后作者用了10年时间回归了对性别问题的超然态度(It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19)，这也是题目中使用again的原因。第二段最后一句：I don?t study sociology or political theory，我不是研究社会学或者政治理论的，体现出作者把性别问题归于学术或政治问题，而女性作为当事人不应参与其中的态度。
显然，文中没有提到她在男性主导的领域中工作高兴与否，对于性别歧视问题，作者只是因对问题本身兴趣不大，而不善于讲述。作者的态度显而易见，她对性别问题表示了不屑一顾，也就不存在B所说的厌烦了的问题。这样ABC都可以排除，D说她发现太空研究更为重要，与第一段最后一句话意思相符。
63. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author?s failures to ________.
A) the very fact that she is a woman
B) her involvement in gender politics
C) her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D) the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
题目问从第二段可以推断出人们把作者的失败归于什么。
A，她是一个女人的事实。
B，她参与了性别政治。
C，她作为女天体物理学家的过于自信。
D，在男性主导的社会中她身负重担。
第二段讲的是作者对性别问题的态度由不在乎转变为热情关注的过程。19岁时完全超脱(it did not bother me in the least)，麻省理工求学及之后研究时开始受到干扰(the issue started to bother me)，这种干扰就是作者所有的成就：工作、研究论文、获奖，都受到性别偏见这副有色眼镜的过滤(viewed through the lens of gender politics)，而后作者写了一句So were my failures，so在这里是代指，指代viewed through the lens of gender politics，即my failures were also viewed through the lens of gender politics，意思就是人们是从性别政治的角度看待她的失败，也就是认为她的失败是由性别偏见引起的。这样的话，符合这个意思的只有A。
B所说的她参与了性别政治是个迷惑选项。参与性别政治是指为女性利益奔走呼号，第二段末尾也确实提到了作者的女性主义热情，但这是性别歧视发生之后才可以进行的，否则，如果没有发生歧视，奋力捍卫女性的利益的缘由就不存在了。而作者的失败，如果是因性别问题而起的话，则是早于失败之前就已经发生作用了。因此从逻辑上讲，作者自己的失败应该是先于参与捍卫女性利益发生的，后者不可能成为前者发生的原因。
64. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A) Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B) Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
C) People?s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.
D) Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.
题目问作者在攻读哲学博士和进行博士后研究时要同什么进行不断地斗争。
四个选项中，A说是缺少在太空科学领域成功的信心。文章提到了作者失去信心的问题，It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 ，但这个信心是作者在面对世人对女性偏见时有信心不予理睬，而不是科研领域的信心。
B说是来自她的圈内圈外的不公平指责。世人戴着性别的有色眼镜看她(was viewed through the lens of gender politics)，但这也仅仅是一种态度罢了，还没到指责、责难的地步。所以B的说法不能算对。
C说是人们对女性科学家的固有态度。文中第二段从But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me这句开始，讲述了作者面对世人成见时如何挺身而出、为女性仗义执言。这也就是C 所表达的意思。
D说是对自然与培育的广泛误解。根据第二段，nature versus nurture的问题*考试&大是作者与人争论的话题之一，是诸多对女性的成见之一，文中具体举出的例子就另有left brain versus right brain。而作者要斗争的是所有遭受的成见，D所说的这其中一种成见不可能是题目所说的整个时期内一直都要斗争的对象。
65. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A) Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.
B) Her students? performance has brought back her confidence.
C) Her female students can do just as well as male students.
D) More female students are pursuing science than before.
题干问作者谈到她的班级时为何流露出满意之情。
与题目相关的原文是这样的：Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women?s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45，汉译为：我现在在纽约一所女子大学Barnard做研究和教书，最近有人问我，我的班级里45名学生中有多少个女生。你想象不到我能够回答“45个”时的满意之情。
从前文的叙述可以知道，作者一直需要面对的问题是在男性主导的领域女性太少的问题。19岁时，她是班里唯一的女生(the only woman in the classroom)，做研究后，人们总是问她在一个男性主导的领域里工作的情形(the only woman in the classroom work in a field dominated by men)。可见，在作者研究的领域里，女生是很少的，而现在班里45人全部是女生，作者很有可能是为在自己研究的领域里出现了这么多的女性而感到满意。在这里作者使用了Be able to answer而不直接用answer，暗含以前是不可能说出这样的数字的。这个词组的选用也暗示了作者是在为数字的由少到多而满意。
A，女生不再为性别问题而烦恼。最后一段有一句话：I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children，意思是作者知道有些学生还是为科研与家庭之间如何平衡而忧虑。这一叙述与A不符。
B，她的学生的表现使她重拾信心。文中没有提到她的学生表现如何。
C，她的女学生能与男学生做得一样好。文中没有类似的叙述。
D，追求科学研究的女生比以前多了。这一描述符合上文的分析。
66. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A) Women students needn?t have the concerns of her generation.
B) Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
C) Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
D) Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
题目问作者展示给学生们的图景意味着什么。
文章的最后一段讲到了作者曾给学生展示过一个怀孕教师坚持做物理试验的图景。相关原文是：I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments，身怀六甲的物理教授依然在做物理实验。而这一行为的前因后果在第四段中也描述得很清楚。在这句话之前，作者给出了原因：I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children，一些学生担心不能很好地处理科研与生育孩子之间的平衡。作者为了消除学生们的担忧，便展示了这个图景。而在这句话之后，作者给出了结果：in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science，45个学生完全投入到科学之爱中。从这些前因后果可以看出，作者之所以展示这一图景，就是为了打消学生对于生育孩子会否影响科学研究的忧虑。
A，女生们无须为教授的怀孕担忧。这一图景的直接信号是要告诉女生们无须为教授担心，而传达的意义则是无须为她们自己生育孩子担心，而题目问的是“意味”着什么，因此A的说法不对。
B，女性在通往学术成功的道路上会遇到更多的障碍。教授展示此图景[考试[大]的目的就是为了告诉学生们怀孕并不会对科研造成什么障碍，所以B不对。
C，女性可以在科研和拥有家庭之间很好地平衡。符合前面的分析。
D，现在的女性在追求科研生涯时遇到的问题较以前少。应该说怀孕问题确实是一个问题，只是作者的观点在于不把这一问题看做是障碍而已。D的说法不对。
"Culture shock" occurs as result of total immersion in a new culture。It h appens to "people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad。"Newcomers m ay be anxious because they do not speak the language，know the customs，or understand people…s behavior in daily life。The visitor finds that "yes" may not always mean "yes"，that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship，or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes。The forei
gner may be unsure as to when to shake hands，when to start conversations，o r how to approach a stranger。The notion of "culture shock" helps explain feel ings of bewilderment and disorientation。Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel。When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar，such as understanding a transportation system，knowing ho w to register for university classes，or knowing how to make friends，difficulti es in coping whth the new society may arise。
"。。。when an individual enters a strange culture，he or she is like fish out of water。"Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienat ed from the native members of the culture。When this happens visitors may w ant to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exagg erate the positive aspects of their own culture。Conversely visitors may scorn t heir native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with （if only temporatily）the value of the new country。This may occur as an att empt to over－identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the pe ople in it。
1。The expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests ______。
a。people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture
b。a fish can not survive without water
c。people away from their culture experience mental isolation
d。people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment
2。In order to identify with the new environment，some people may ______。a。give an exaggerated picture of their own country
b。criticize the positive aspects of their own county
c。abandon their original beliefs
d。accept a temporary set of values
3。Which of the following statements is true according to the author？
a。Perplexity results in culture shock。
b。A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion。
c。Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety。
d。Culture shock happens to foreign students only。
4。Newcomer may worry about ______。
a。their ignorance of the alien customs
b。their knowledge of "Yes" in the native language
c。their understanding of friendship
d。their control of their behavior
5。When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to cop e whith，he is most likely to feel ______。
a。uninsured
b。deprived
c。alienated
d。baffled
34/200答案：cdadbc
Passage One
Passage Two CADBC
As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有营养的) foods, who feels
OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.
The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is mer ely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body?s special needs. Both types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body?s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.
62. Today medical care is placing more stress on ________.
A) keeping people in a healthy physical condition
B) mon itoring patients? body functions
C) removing people?s bad living habits
D) ensuring people?s psychological well-being
63. In the first paragraph, people are reminded that ________.
A) good health is more than not being ill
B) drinking, even if not to excess, could be harmful
C) regular health checks are essential to keeping fit
D) prevention is more difficult than cure(B)
64. Traditionally, a person is considered “well” if he ________.
A) does not have any unhealthy living habits
B) does not have any physical handicaps
C) is able to handle his daily routines
D) is free from any kind of disease(D)
65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ________.
A) to best satisfy their body?s special needs
B) to strive to maintain the best possible health
C) to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D) to keep a proper balance between work and leisure(B)
66. According to what the author advocates, which of the following groups of people would be considered healthy?
A) People who have strong muscles as well as slim figures.
B) People who are not presently experiencing any symptoms of disease.
C) People who try to be as possible, regardless of their limitations.
D) People who can recover from illness even without seeking medical care.(C)
这篇文章讲述了当今社会“健康”概念的新发展。全文比较少见地一共只有两大段(很有可能是英文原版文章的节选)，第一段开头介绍了当今社会人们医疗观念的转变，即人们关注的焦点正在从治疗转变为预防。这一现象是众所周知的，作者可以借此不动声色地引出了文章的论题——健康观念的转变问题。在此之后，作者立即把笔锋指向正题，提出这种观念上的转变其实还可以探究得更为深入(The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further)。在第一段的其余部分，作者使用了一系列does……but句型，对一种健康状态进行了具体的描述，最后指出这种程度上的“健康”其实还有改善的余地(could be a lot healthier)。
第一段完成了对一种健康但又不够健康的状态的具体描述，第二段开头则指出传统观念未对not ill(不得病)和excellent health(身体极佳)进行区分，都称为健康(well)，那么读到这里，显然可以判断第一段描述的是not ill这一概念。
此后作者提出一种观点，即只有那些积极努力保持和改善健康状态的人(who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health)才可称是“健康的”(well)或达到了“健康状态”(wellness)。之后作者分别对well和wellness作了具体的解释。
65. According to the author, the true meaning of “wellness” is for people ________.
A) to best satisfy their body?s special needs
B) to strive to maintain the best possible health
C) to meet the strictest standards of bodily health
D) to keep a proper balance between work and leisure
题目问根据作者的说法，wellness的真实含义是指人们要如何如何。第二段中间部分提到了某些健康专家的健康新观点，而后对well和wellness分别进行了解释。对wellness是这样解释的：“Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life。这段话较易理解，大意为：最好不要把wellness看做是一种人们能够达到的状态，而应该是一种努力追求的理想。健康的人更能够抵御疾病侵袭，或在染病时能更好地与疾病抗争。Wellness的观念让人们把注意力集中在健康的生活方式上，在人们面对日常生活的挑战时，wellness的观念可以施加有益的影响。
A，最好地满足身体的特殊需求。第二段开头说到满足身体特殊需求(and pays attention to the body?s special needs)是传统医学界的观点，而不是新观点。
B，努力保持可能的最佳的健康状态。文中把wellness定义为an ideal that people can strive for，strive for是“努力达到”的意思，与B的表述一致。Ideal是理想状况，可以理解为一种可[考试[大]能达到的最佳状况。B的说法正确。
C，满足身体健康的最为苛刻的标准。文章提到了wellness是一种理想，暗含不容易达到的意思，但理想而不易达到的不见得就是最苛刻的。同时文中也没有提出任何“标准”。
法律英语练习题
Lesson Three Comparing Civil and Criminal Law I.Discuss the following questions: 1.What are the two objectives of criminal law? 2.What is civil law concerned with? 3.What are the two main branches of civil law? 4.In terms of duties or obligations, what are the differences between contract law and tort law? 5.How many kinds of torts are mentioned in the text? What are they? What are the difference and relationship between them? 6.Are compensatory damages and punitive damages the same in nature? Why or why not? Why are punitive damages seldom awarded? 7.Is it justified to say that a certain person can file a criminal charge against someone else? Why? II.Read the text again and decide whether these statements are true or false: 1.As for criminal law, there is just one purpose: to prevent antisocial behavior. F 2.Prevention of bad behavior may be more the consequence of civil law than the purpose. T 3.The primary purpose of civil law is the compensation of those injured by someone else’s behavior. T 4. A agreed to lease an apartment from a landlord for one year and A paid the rent for one year shortly after he moved in. Half a year later A moved out for unknown reasons, and then the landlord had the right to sue A for breach of contract. F 5.Negligent tort has occurred when one fails to act reasonably and unintentionally injury someone. T 6.Many intentional torts are also crimes and this is where civil law and criminal law has much in common. T 7.Criminal law is concerned with the immorality of an act while tort law is not. F https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d855256.html,plete the sentences below using the words or phrases given: undesirable; nonconformity; monetary; compensation; liability; restitution; tortfeasor; battery; fraternity; damages 1.The monetary system of certain countries used to be based on gold. 2.Civil law actually acts to prevent nonconformity to society’s behavior. 3.The court estimated the compensation in money for damages sustained by the plaintiff in the contract. 4.Since A has not breached the contract, he holds no liability for damage. 5.Restitution means the act of making good or compensating for loss, damage, or injury, or a return to or restoration of previous state or position. 6.If one at a party heaves a beer bottle and strikes another present either unintentionally or on purpose, he has committed a tort and he is known as a
2020年自考英语模拟试题及答案
2020年自考英语模拟试题及答案一、语音知识(5 points) 第1题请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。 A.practice B.possible C.physical D.pacific 答案：B 第2题请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。 A. arm B. party C. warm D. farther 答案：C 第3题请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。 A.energy B.engineer C.encourage D.entrance 答案：C 第4题请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。 A. great B. league C. peace D. neat 答案：A
第5题请选择出划线部分读音不同的选项( )。 A. theory B. throgh C. birth D. there 答案：D 二、词汇与语法知识(15 points) 第6题She kept a close eye__________the sick child and didn’t sleep the whole night. A.at B.in C.for D.on 答案：D 第7题The effect of TV__________the life of average people is incalculable. A.in B.for C.about D.on 答案：D 第8题Jim is the most intelligent，of __________ A.four US https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d855256.html, four C.the four US https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d855256.html, of four 答案：B 第9题I like all kinds of fruit，but my __________is banana. A.favorite B.favored C.favorable D.preferred 答案：A 第10题We were overjoyed at the news of China__________ another man-made satel1ite. A.starting B.1aunching C.fighting D.shouting 答案：B
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