2019年北京中考英语试卷(含解析)

北京市2019年初中学业水平暨高中招生考试

英语试卷

知识运用（14分）

一、单项选择(共6分)

从下面各题所给A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

(2019?北京) 1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see ________.

A. her

B. him

C. it

D. them

1. B 考查人称代词。由上句“王先生要来我们学校”可知，“我”迫不急待的想见到的人是Mr. Wang，故用人

称代词him代替Mr. Wang。选B。

(2019?北京) 2.We planted some flowers ______ the garden yesterday.

A. on

B. to

C. in

D. of

2. C 考查介词。句意为“昨天我们在花园里种了一些花”，在花园里用介词in。故选C。

(2019?北京) 3. —Excuse me, ________ is this T-shirt?

—It’s 88 yuan.

A．how much B. how many C. h ow long D. h ow old

3. A 考查特殊疑问句。由答语“88元”可知，上句询问价格，询问价格应用疑问词how much“多少钱”。h ow many“多少”，提问可数名词复数；how long“多久；多长”，提问时间或长度；how old“多大”，提问年龄。故选A。

(2019?北京) 4. —Lily, ______ you finish the letter in ten minutes?

—Yes, I can.

A. must

B. should

C. need

D. can

4. D 考查情态动词。句意为“莉莉，你在10分钟内能完成这封信吗？”“是的，我能。”must必须；should

应该；need需要；can能。由答语“Yes, I can.”可知，上句用can进行提问。故选D。

(2019?北京) 5. This cap is nice, ______ it doesn’t look good on me.

A. for

B. so

C. but

D. or

5. C 考查连词。“这顶帽子很好”与“你戴着不好看”两句间应是转折关系，要用but“但是”连接。故选C。(2019?北京)

6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is _______ than her brother.

A. patient

B. more patient

C. most patient

D. the most patient

6. B 考查形容词的等级。由空格后的than可知她比她弟弟更有耐心，应用比较级more patient。故选B。

(2019?北京) 7. Sam ______ with his friends every weekend.

A. skates

B. is skating

C. has skated

D. was skating

7. A 考查动词时态。时间状语every weekend“每个周末”表示经常性的行为，用一般现在时。故选A。(2019?北京) 8. —Tom, What’s your dad doing?

—He ______ my bike.

A . repairs B. will repair C. has repaired D. is repairing

8. D 考查动词时态。问句询问汤姆的爸爸正在干什么，是现在进行时，答语也要用现在进行时，表示“正在

修理自行车”。现在进行的构成是“be doing...”，故选D。

(2019?北京) 9. Our school life____ a lot since 2017. We have more activities now.

A. changes

B. changed

C. will change

D. has changed

9. D 考查动词时态。句意为“我们的学校生活自从2017年发生了很大变化，现在我们有更多的活动”。由时

间状语since 2017“自从2017年以来”可知，句子时态应用现在完成时。故选D。

(2019?北京) 10. If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I____ tickets for you tomorrow.

A. will book

B. booked

C. have booked

D. was booking

10. A 考查动词时态。句意为“如果你想参观故宫，我明天为你买票”。由时间状语tomorrow可知，句子应

用一般将来时。故选A。

(2019?北京) l1. My advice on how to save paper _______ by my class last Monday.

A. accepts

B. accepted

C. was accepted

D. is accepted

11. C 考查动词语态。句意为“上周一，我的关于节约纸的建议被同学们接受了”。my advice是accept这一

动作的承受者，表示“建议被接受”，应用被动语态；时间是last Monday，应用一般过去时。故选C。(2019?北京) 12. Did you notice in her office?

—Yes. She was going over our writing.

A. what was Miss Lin doing

B. what Miss Lin was doing

C. what does Miss Lin do

D. what Miss Lin does

12. B 考查宾语从句。结合选项可知，空格处应是宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；

主句Did you notice是一般过去时，所以从句应用过去的时态，故选B

(2019?北京)二、完形填空(共8分，每小题1分)

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Run for Class President

Two months ago, when our class election (选举) started, I decided to run

for class president. I enjoyed speaking in public and got along well with people,

so I felt it easy to win. But I was 13 that people would feel bad for me if I

lost.

I w as busy preparing in the following w eek. My plan wasn’t to make

promises to do things I couldn’t 14 but to show my class why I wanted to

be president. I put up my posters in hallways and in the classroom. I also spent

three hours writing my speech, saying that I was the one they could turn to

whenever they had a problem. Since I was 15 prepared, I felt that my chances of winning were strong.

However,when I gave my speech on Election Day, the response (反应) wasn’t what I had 16 . Few people actually listened. When it was my opponent’s (对手的) turn, everyone was screaming his name. His speech was short, but all to the point. By then, I realized I should have made mine shorter and clearer.

It was obvious who would 17 . For the rest of the day, I felt like it was over. I wanted to just go home and cry, but I made it through.

My18 was right: I didn’t win.

The next day, people were still talking about the election. I just pretended (假装) not to hear. But later, things got better. People 19 about the election and talked to me just as they did before.

I don’t regret putting time and energy into the election because I’ve learned that things aren’t always going the way I expect. And moments of failure like this build 20 —since then I’ve learned to face disappointment and grown stronger.

13. A. bored B. afraid C. excited D. hopeful

14. A. compare B. remember C. manage D. repeat

15. A. fully B. quickly C. freshly D. physically

16. A. feared B. faced C. mentioned D. pictured

l7. A. insist B. return С. wait D. win

18. A. suggestion B. prediction C. direction D. introduction

19. A. forgot B. wrote C. cared D. discussed

20. A. trust B. pride C. character D. support

【主旨大意】作者讲述了自己参加班长竞选的经历：开始认为自己获胜的机会很大，最终却失败了。作者从中学会了面对失望、变得更强大了。

【答案】13—20BCADDBAC

【解析】

13. B 考查形容词。此处指作者的担心，怕如果失败了，人们会对自己印象不好，故afraid“害怕的”符合语

境。bored无聊的，excited兴奋地，hopeful有希望的，都不符合句意。

14. C 考查动词词义辨析。compare比较；remember记住；manage努力完成；repeat重复。由后面的“而是向我班的同学表明我为什么想成为班长”可知，作者的计划不是承诺一些自己不能做到的事情，故manage 符合语境。

15. A 考查副词。fully充分地；quickly很快地；freshly刚刚；physically身体上地。由后句“我感觉我赢得机

会很大”可知，“我”进行了充分的准备，故fully符合语境。选A。

16. D 考查动词词义辨析。feared害怕；faced面对；mentioned提到；pictured设想。由后句“几乎没有人在听”可知，当“我”在选举日做演讲的时候，（同学们）的反应与自己设想的不一样，所以pictured符合语境。故选D。

17. D 考查动词词义辨析。win获胜；insist坚持；return返回；wait等待。上一段描述了大家对竞选人的不同态度，所以此句意为“谁会获胜很明显了”。故选D。

18. B 考查名词词义辨析。suggestion建议；prediction预测；direction方向；introduction。上一段是作者对竞选结果的猜测，所以本句意为“我的预测是正确的：我没有赢”。故选B。

19. A 考查动词词义辨析。forget忘记；wrote写；cared关注；discussed讨论。由“第二天人们还谈论这次选举”以及“又像从前一样与我交谈”可推知，后来人们就忘记了这次选举，所以forget符合语境。故选A。20. C 考查名词词义辨析。trust信任；pride骄傲；character品格；support支持。由后句“从此我学会了面对失望、变得更强大”可知，那种失败的时刻磨练了作者的品格，故选C。

阅读理解(共36分)

三、阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。(共26分，每小题2分)

(2019?北京)A

Experiencing China

21. Who visited a traditional Chinese medicine hospital?

A. Mike.

B. Joanna.

C. Bill.

D. Cindy.

22. How long did Joanna stay with her host family in China?

A. Three months.

B. Four months.

C. Five months.

D. Six months.

23. Cindy thinks her host sister is .

A. a wonderful cook

B. a responsible doctor

C. a warm-hearted teacher

D. a hardworking student

【主旨大意】四个外国孩子分别讲述了他们在中国的不同的经历和体验。

【答案】21---23 ACD

【解析】

21. A 细节理解题。根据第一框中的“I even visited a famous traditional Chinese medicine hospital.”可知，是

Mike参观了一家著名的中医院。故选A。

22. C 细节理解题。根据第三框中的“I stayed with my host family for five months.”可知Joanna在寄宿家庭呆

了5个月。故选C。

23. D 细节理解题。根据最后一框中的“My host sister is a really hardworking student.”可知，Cindy认为她的寄

宿家庭的姐姐是一个勤奋的学生。故选D。

(2019?北京)B

Blue Lightning

Sally loved cars more than anything else. This spring she thought of building a

go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race. So she asked her dad for help.

“Well,” he said. “How about this: you do some research first and then come

back to me with a design.”

A week later, Sally brought her notes and drawings to Dad. She named her go-kart “Blue Lightning”. Dad looked over her work, thinking. “Well, that’s interesting,” he said. “Have a try. Just build Blue Lightning as you’ve designed.”

Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive. Sally agreed.

After she did that, Sally drove back to Dad. “Well,” she said. “Now I know why you wanted me to have a test drive.”

“Oh, do you?” he said. “Please share.”

“When I drove fast, there was a lot of pushback,” she said. “I think it’s because of the lightning bolt (闪电) shape.”

“Very good!” Dad said.

“So, why didn’t you tell me about that problem in the first place?” Sally asked.

Dad laughed. “Where’s the fun in that? If you give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day. But if you teach a man to

fish, he’ll eat for a lifetime.”

Sally said, “I see. Anyway, designing is half the fun!”

Dad smiled. “Good. Sometimes, learning happens during the process. We learn how to do something right by doing it a few times first and making mistakes along the way.”

That encouraged Sally and she worked even harder. When she showed Dad her new go-kart, he nodded with pride.

Finally came the race. Sally wasn’t worried about whether she would win—in her mind, she had already won, by building something better than ever before.

24. Sally thought of building a go-kart to .

A. practice driving

B. enter for a race

C. play with friends

D. do some research

25. What did Sally’s dad ask her to do after she built the go-kart?

A. To have a test drive.

B. To take a good rest.

C. To give it a cool name.

D. To paint it light blue.

26. Sally’s story mainly tells us that .

A. winning a race is important

B. fishing brings us a lot of fun

C. driving experience is necessary

D. learning happens during the process

【主旨大意】本文讲述了萨利制作微型赛车参加比赛的故事。在这个过程中，爸爸并没有直接帮助她，而是鼓励她在过程中学习，从失败中学习，最后萨利能坦然地面对比赛了，因为在准备比赛的过程中，已经学到了很多。

【答案】24---26 BAD

【解析】

24. B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“This spring she thought of building a go-kart to enter for the Go-Go Race.”

可知，Sally 想制作微型赛车是为了参加比赛。故选B。

25. A 细节理解题。根据文章中的“Over three weekends of hard work, Sally turned her design into a real, working

go-kart and painted it light blue. Dad asked her to take it for a test drive.”可知，做好这个微型赛车后，她爸爸让她做一次试驾。故选A。

26. D 主旨大意题。通过萨利的这个故事，作者告诉我们从错误中学习，在过程中学习。故选D。

(2019?北京)C

Sometimes it seems that time is flying. Perhaps it doesn’t need to feel this way. Our experience of time can be possibly changed. By understanding the psychological (心理学的) processes behind our different experiences of time, we might be able to slow down time a little.

One basic law of psychological time is that time seems to slow down when we’re exposed(接触) to new environments and experiences. The law is caused by the relationship between our experience of time and the amount of information our minds process. The more information our minds take in, the slower time seems to pass.

It follows, then, that we have different experiences of time in different situations. In some situations, our life is full of new experiences. Our minds process a lot of information and time seems to slow down. In other situations, we have fewer new experiences and the world around us becomes more and more familiar(熟悉的). We become insensitive to our experience, which means we process less information, and time seems to speed up.

How can we slow down time? Here are two suggestions.

Firstly, since we know that familiarity makes time pass faster, we can expose ourselves to as many new experiences as possible. We can give ourselves new challenges, meet new people, and expose our minds to new information, hobbies and skills. This will increase the amount of information our minds process and expand (增加) our experience of time.

Secondly, and perhaps most effectively, we can give our whole attention to an experience-to what we are seeing, feeling, tasting, smelling or hearing. This means living through our senses rather than through our thoughts. For example, on the way home, focus your attention outside of yourself, instead of thinking about the problems you have to deal with. Look at the sky, or at the buildings you pass, traveling among them. This open attitude to your experiences helps take in more information and also has a time-expanding effect.

To a certain degree, we can understand and control our experience of time passing. It’s possible for us to slow down time by expanding our experience of time.

27. According to the writer, we can expand our experience of time by .

A. going to bed on time

B. traveling to new places

C. having dinner as usual

D. printing the same materials

28. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Being familiar with the world around helps us get more information.

B. Understanding psychological time makes life pass more quickly.

C. We can take in more information by living through our senses.

D. We should build a stronger relationship between time and us.

29. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Slow Down Time

B. Only Time Will Tell

C. Race Against Time

D. Time Will Not Come Twice

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了让时间变慢的情况，如果接触新环境、新体验，时间就会变慢，如果在熟悉的环境中，时间就会变快；还给出了让时间变慢的两条建议。

【答案】27---29 BCA

【解析】

27. B 推理判断题。根据第五段的内容可知，为了让时间变慢，我们可以让自己接触尽可能多的新体验。四

个选项中，只有B项：去新地方旅游是新体验。故选B。

28. C 推理判断题。根据第六段中的“This open attitude to your experien ces helps take in more information”可

知，其中的“this open attitude to your experience”就是指关注我们看到的、感受到的、品尝到的、闻到的和听到的，因此通过感官生活可以让我们吸收更多信息。

29. A 主旨大意题。短文主要介绍了我们可以让时间变慢，如果接触新环境、新体验，时间就会变慢，如果

在熟悉的环境中，时间就会变快；还给出了让时间变慢的两条建议。故选A。

(2019?北京)D

How Much Can We Afford to Forget?

In 2018, Science magazine asked some young scientists what schools should teach students. Most said students should spend less time memorizing facts and have more space for creative activities. As the Internet grows more powerful, students can access (获得) knowledge easily. Why should they be required to carry so much of it around in their heads?

Civilizations（文明）develop through forgetting life skills that were once necessary. In the Agricultural（农业的）Age, a farmer could afford to forget hunting skills. When societies industrialized, the knowledge of farming could be safe to forget. Nowadays, smart machines give us access to most human knowledge. It seems that we no longer need to remember most things. Does it matter?

Researchers have recognized several problems that may happen. For one, human beings have biases（偏见），and smart machines are likely to increase our biases. Many people believe smart machines are necessarily correct and objective, but machines are trained through a repeated testing and scoring process．In the process, human beings still decide on the correct answers.

Another problem relates to the ease of accessing information. When there were no computers, efforts were required to get knowledge from other people, or go to the library. We know what knowledge lies in other brains or books, and what lies in our heads. But today, the Internet gives us the information we need quickly. This can lead to the mistaken belief—the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.

In a new civilization rich in machine intelligence, we have easy access to smart memory networks where information is stored. But dependency on a network suggests possibilities of being harmed easily. The collapse of any of the networks of relations our well-being（健康）depends upon, such as food and energy, would produce terrible results. Without food we get hungry; without energy we feel cold. And it is through widespread loss of memory that civilizations are at risk of falling into a dark age.

We forget old ways to free up time and space for new skills．As long as the older forms of knowledge are stored somewhere in our networks, and can be found when we need them, perhaps they’re not really forgotten. Still, as time goes on, we gradually but unquestionably become strangers to future people.

30·Why are smart machines likely to increase our biases?

A ．Because they go off course in testing and scoring.

B ．Because we control the training process on them.

C ．Because we offer them too much information.

D ．Because they overuse the provided answers.

31 ．The ease of accessing information from the Internet ________·

A. frees us from making efforts to learn new skills

B. prevents civilizations from being lost at a high speed

C. misleads us into thinking we already knew the knowledge

D. separates the facts we have from those in the smart machines

32．The word “collapse”in Paragraph 5 probably means “_______”.

A. a sudden failure

B. the basic rule

C. a disappointing start

D. the gradual development

33．What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?

A ．To question about the standards of information storage.

B ．To discuss our problems of communication with machines.

C ．To stress the importance of improving our memorizing ability.

D ．To remind us of the risk of depending on machines to remember.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。现在我们可以随时从网络上获取我们需要的知识，我们好像不需要再记忆一些东西，而是需要一些空间去从事创造性的活动，人类文明也是一个不断遗忘的演化。但这样也存在一些隐患：网上的知识一定准确吗？如果网络瘫痪将会带来严重的后果。

【答案】30---33 BCAD

【解析】

30. B 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容：人类存在偏见，智能机器很可能增加这种偏见，因为技能机器要经

过不断的测试的训练，这个过程中人类仍然决定着正确答案，由此判断智能机器增加偏见是因为人类控制着训练的过程。故选B。

31. C 推理判断题。根据第四段的“This can lead to the mistaken belief-the knowledge we found was part of what we knew all along.”可知，很容易的获取知识可能导致错误的信念——我们发现的知识是我们一直都知道的一部分。故选C。

32. A 词义猜测题。根据前句可知，对网络的依赖意味着很容易受到伤害。因此如果网络突然崩塌，将会产生很糟糕的后果，故collapse意为“突然瘫痪、崩塌”，符合句意，故选A。

33. D 主旨大意题。本文论述了虽然我们可以随时从网络上查到需要的知识，好像不用去记忆一些知识了，

但是网上的知识也不一定准确，而且如果网络瘫痪，我们将会回到无知的黑暗时代，提醒我们不要过于依赖网络。故选D。

(2019?北京)四、阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）

Huge Waves Destroying Arctic Ice Faster than Expected Ice covers much of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋）．Some pieces of ice are huge, like moving islands. As temperatures have increased, however, some of the ice has begun to disappear. Scientists have discovered huge waves（海浪）in the arctic waters.

The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010．Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.

On May 2, the ship traveled east and stopped next to a large chunk of ice around 50 miles from the small island of Hopen. Marchenko prepared to lead his students out onto the ice.

"We were ready to go but when I went out, I discovered many cracks（裂缝）around," he remembers.

He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe. The farther in they went, he thought, the harder the ice would become. As they pushed forward, however, the ship experienced small waves, and then bigger ones．Soon, the waves broke up the ice around the ship into thousands of smaller pieces．

Within an hour, Marchenko and his team saw a wave that was about 13 feet high. The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height. The waves were so strong that they forced huge pieces of ice to jump up and down, breaking the ice into smaller pieces within just one hour. Scientists had never imagined that the process could happen so fast. The waves in these areas used to be small.

The speed and force of the huge waves there makes it impossible to know in

advance when they are coming. That could be dangerous for navigators and local

communities who are unprepared for huge waves or depend on sea ice to protect

them. Wildlife like polar bears and walruses that depend on sea ice to live is also in

danger.

Some scientists think people will soon see even bigger waves in these icy waters．As waves break up ice, the seas will become more open, and the waves will get even stronger. There are stormy times ahead.

34．When did Marchenko and his students discover huge waves in the arctic waters?

35．Why did Marchenko and his students set out on the trip?

36．What did Marchenko decide to do to keep safe?

37．How high were the largest waves recorded by the navigation system?

38．What is Paragraph 7 mainly about?

【主旨大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。2010年5月科学家Aleksey Marchenko与他的学生在北冰洋考察时，发现北冰洋的海浪很大，这些海浪把巨冰打成碎片，这对航海家、野生动物和本地居住者是很危险的。

【答案】

34. In May2010.

35. Because they wanted to study the icy waters.

36. He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice.

37. More than 20 feet.

38. The danger of the huge waves to navigators and wildlife in Arctic.

【解析】

34. In May. 2010. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“The waves were discovered by accident in May, 2010．”可知

Marchenko和他的学生于2010年5月在北极水域发现的巨浪。

35. Because they wanted to study the icy waters. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Scientist Aleksey Marchenko and his students set out on a trip. They wanted to study the icy waters.”可知Marchenko和他的学生启动旅程是因为他们想研究冰水。

36. He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice. 细节理解题。根据第五段的“He decided to move the ship deeper into the ice to keep safe.”可知为了保持安全他决定将轮船移到更深的冰中去。

37. More than 20 feet. 细节理解题。根据第六段的“The ship's navigation（航行）system finally recorded the largest waves．They were more than 20 feet in height.”可知导航系统记录最大的浪是20多英尺。

38. The damage of the huge waters to people and wildlife in Arctic. 主旨大意题。这一段主要介绍了这种巨浪给

航海家和当地野生动物带来的伤害。

五、文段表达(10分)

(2019?北京)39.从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。

题目①

假如你是李华,你们学校正在开展“安全月”宣传活动，倡议大家制作关于安全教育的主题海报，你们班

交换生Peter给你发邮件询问相关事情。请用英语回复一封邮件，告诉他海报上交的时间，并分享你设计海报的一些想法。

提示词语：design，safety rule，careful，protect，picture

提示问题：·When should you hand in the poster?

·What would you like to share with Peter about designing the poster?

One possible version：

Dear Peter,

I'm glad to receive your email. Safety plays an important part in our daily life. Recently our school is having Safety Month activities. Our teacher asks us to design posters about safety. I have finished it already and I will hand in it tomorrow. I would like to share my poster with you. On my poster，I made some safety rules，such as never go swimming in the river or the lake alone，be careful on our way to school or home，never eat junk food，go away from dangerous places to protect ourselves and so on. I drew some pictures on the poster as well. If there is anything more that I can help with, please let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

(2019?北京) 题目②

自律，即自我约束，是自我提升的一种途径，有助于我们成长，促使我们不断前行。

某英文网站正在开展以“自律”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈为了增强自律意识，你做过什么，以及这样做给你带来的好处。

提示词语：self-disciplined(自律的)，plan，goal，habit，improve

提示问题：·What did you do to be self-disciplined?

·What benefits have you got from doing so?

One possible version：

Self-discipline plays an important role in our life. It makes me a better student at school and a better child at home. I used to follow all kinds of rules and hand in the tasks appointed on time at school. And I could not only respected all my teachers but also get on well with my classmates. At home, I was able to balance housework and homework, I usually made a plan in advance to make it easier to achieve my goal. After finishing all the task, I developed the habit of going to bed early and going to bed early. In the society, I spared no effort to improve myself all the time.

In a word, I have benefited a lot from being self-discipline. First of all, I have had many good habits, which makes my life easier and more regular, Secondly, my life and my study have been of high efficiency so that a lot of time has been saved. Thirdly, being self-disciplined has prepared me for a better and brighter future. In the future, I will continue to be a self-disciplined person.

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