英汉互译练习
翻译练习
第一部分句子翻译
1. 选词
(1) In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres, and restaurants.
(2) The levels of voltage, current, and power are, on their own, not sufficient for demarcation.
(3) Mr. Collins seemed likely to sink into insignificance; to the young ladies he certainly was nothing.
(4) As he said this, she could easily see that he had no doubt of a favorable answer. He spoke of apprehension and anxiety, but his countenance expressed real security.
(5) I was in several minds how to dress myself on the important day, being divided between my desire to appear to advantage, and my apprehensions of putting on anything that might impair my severely practical character in the eyes of the Misses Spenlow.
(6) She watched him grow and develop day by day and it was a never-ending wonder as he began to walk and talk and reason.
(7) Sorrow came -- a gentle sorrow -- but not at all in the shape of any disagreeable consciousness -- Miss Taylor married. It was Miss Taylor's loss which first brought grief. It was on the wedding-day of this beloved friend that Emma first sat in mournful thought of any continuance.
(8) Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag.
(9) Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated.
(10) Don't expect comfort. You've just got to be thankful if we get a bed to sleep on and a roof over our heads.
(11) In practice, the selected interval thickness is usually a compromise between the need for a thin interval to maximize the resolution and a thick interval to minimize error.
(12) Among the most productive contributions the broader international community can now make to rebuilding economic strength in East Asia is to assist these countries to develop their economic and financial policy, management and governance capacities.
(13) When the history of the Nixon Administration finally written, the chances are that his Chinese policy will stand out as a model of common sense and good diplomacy.
(14) The issue of insanity as a defense in criminal cases is at the interface of medicine, law and ethics.
(15) I think your suggestion will work.
(16) The frontier forces had to operate against the invaders.
(17) The simplest way to succeed in business is to buy low and sell high.
(18) We express our gratitude for the outstanding and challenging speech of Mr. Smith.
(19) As a demanding boss, he expected total loyalty and dedication from his employees.
(20) The show ran 120 performances.
(21) 如在解释上遇有分歧，应以英文本为准。
(22) 除法律或外界条件不允许的情况之外，承包商应严格按合同施工和竣工，并改正工作中的任何缺陷，达到工程师满意的程度。
(23) 虽然不能说只要努力就一定会成功，但努力是决不会完全白费的。
(24) 她既不当面恭维人家，也不背后说人坏话。从这两点来说她是值得称赞的。
(25) 中国人口的80%在农村，如果不解决80%的人的生活问题，社会就不会是安定的。
(26) 这手表是两年前在瑞士买的。走得很准，从来没有快过或慢过。
(27) 互相尊重的精神是我们今天文化合作的基础。
(28) 他确实是个急性子。
(29) 我会重新考虑我的结论。
(30) 人们都在讲南北问题很突出，我看这个问题就是发展问题。
2. 替换
(1) Her well-remembered cable of dark-brown hair was partially coiled up in a mass at the back of her head, and partly hanging on her shoulder, the evident result of haste. (词性转换)
(2) A study of the letter leaves us in no doubt as to the motives behind it. (词转换性)
(3) The warmth of the summer months, the amount of rainfall and the gentle slopes of the land have made settlement and cultivation possible over large parts of the continent.(词性转换，结构转换)
(4) His weariness and increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. (词性转换，结构转换)
(5) Independent observers have commented favorably on the achievements you have made in this direction. (词性转换)
(6) No wonder that the sight of it should send the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back 36 years ago. (词性转换)
(7) Ideally, one day, researchers will know enough about the genesis of earthquakes and the nature of particular faults to predict quakes directly. (词性转换)
(8) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. (词性转换)
(9) Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.(语态转换，变被动句为主动句即被动隐含句)
(10) In case it is necessary, a great part of the heat developed due to friction may be carried off by means of circulating water or air blasts. (语态转换，利用”把”字句)
(11) The opportunities for the future are virtually unlimited, as long as competition in the software industry is strong. (语态转换，利用”是”字句)
(12) The oldest Oxford racket had been elbowed out by the black markets in Woodbines, toffees, tomatoes. (语态转换，结构、成份转换)
(13) You don't grow the grain you eat and you don't make the clothes you wear. (表达方式转换)
(14) Petra had become the leader of the girls as soon as she snapped out of her original depression at coming to Prague. (表达方式转换)
(15) Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (表达方式转换)
(16) If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. (逻辑关系转换) (17) You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant. (逻辑关系转换)
(18) It is a good workman that never blunders.(正反说法转换)
(19) Keep off the lawn! (正反说法转换)
(20) The Craustons and the Finchleys were in the main a thorn in the flesh of the remainder of the elite of Kycurgus—too showy and too aggressive.(成语翻译：语义替换)
(21) 他长期以来习惯于在最后一分钟作出决定。(词性转换)
(22) 这份报纸的社论说，拒不解决夫妻分居两地的问题，是同中央的精神背道而驰的。(词
性转换)
(23) 我今天所说的话不足以表达我内心的情感。(词性转换)
(24) 我既不喝酒，也不抽烟。(词性转换)
(25) 他酷爱古典音乐。(词性转换)
(26) 越南战争不断地消耗着美国的资源。(词性转换)
(27) 只有认识落后，才能改变落后。(语态转换)
(28) 用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。(语态转换)
(29) 语言这东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。(表达方式转换)
(30) 不搞改革，不坚持开放政策，我们制定的战略目标就不可能实现。(表达方式转换)
(31) 他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。(表达方式转换)
(32) 现在，人们已经明白，如果食物中缺少了一些重要成分，即使其中不含有任何有害物质，也会引起严重疾病。(表达方式转换)
(33) 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。(词性转换，表达方式转换)
(34) 中国人民正在中国共产党的领导下，团结一致地进行着伟大的社会主义建设。(表达方式转换)
(35) 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。(表达方式转换)
(36) 她，一个瘦弱多病的女孩子，以坚强的毅力写出了一部部催人奋进的小说。(表达方式转换)
(37) 他决不会说这样的话。(正反说法转换)
(38) 使我们失望的是他不顾大局。(正反说法转换)
(39) 只有大胆地、破釜沉舟地跟他们拼，还许有翻身的那一天。(成语替代)
(40) 打狗看主面。反正不想多和朱延年往来了，但是，还有徐义德哩，他可是台面上的人物啊。(成语替代)
3. 增减
(1) She had treated him with interest, with encouragement, with malice, with indifference, with contempt. (逻辑增词)
(2) A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard from again. (表达增词)
(3) Richmond Park was full of reminiscences, many going back to early childhood. (语义增词)
(4) She had beckoned him and yawned at him and beckoned him again and he had responded often with bitterness and narrowed eyes. (语义增词)
(5) Suddenly an idea mingled with the alcoholic fumes that distributed his brain. It was apparently of a jocular nature, for he felt impelled to slap his leg again and cram his fist into mouth. (语义增词)
(6) As historians thus came to know more about these collections they applied to their owners for permission to work in them, not always successfully. (逻辑增词)
(7) To help myself live without fault, I made a list of what I considered the 13 virtues. These virtues are (1) Temperance, (2) Self-control, (3) Silence, (4) Order, (5) Firmness, (6) Saving, (7) Industry, (8) Honesty, (9) Justice, (10) Cleanliness, (11) Calmness, (12) Morality, (13) Humbleness. (语义增词，表达增词)
(8) I looked about me. Rain, wind, and darkness filled the air; nevertheless, I dimly discerned a wall before me and a door open in it. (语义增词)
(9) Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. (句法增词)
(10) One interesting study was successfully done with chimps. Six chimps were trained to operate
a special vending machine. One ripe grape came out for each while token put into the slot. (表达增词/增加量词)
(11) -- observing the deer as their behavior changed from more activity in summer and fall to less as winter progressed, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snow melted. (语义增词) (12) Earl and I decided to walk our dog. Somehow our path took us toward the park, across the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the Los Angeles River. It is like a dream to me now, floating through my mind in slow motion. Many children were playing close to the waters. (语义增词)
(13) With this in mind, he decided to revive scholasticism as an academic lark to challenge the Sputnik-panicked classrooms of America. (语义增词)
(14) This power is strong enough to shatter complacency. (语义增词)
(15) Spring has so much more than speech in its unfolding flowers and leaves and the coursing of its streams, and in its sweet restless seeking! (语义增词)
(16) A soldier must obey orders. (省略冠词)
(17) When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. (省略动词)
(18) Never trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. (省略名词)
(19) Where there is a will, there is a way.(省略连词)
(20) The joint decision to build the Tunnel was announced by President Francois Mitterrand and Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in a ceremony at Lille on 21 January. (省略介词)
(21) 请在5号前通知我下星期六你是否出席为我们前任校长举行的欢送会。(增加介词短语)
(22) 学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？(增加形容词、副词和介词短语)
(23) 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。（增加连词）
(24) 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。（增加概括性词语）
(25) 这个小男孩饭前总要洗手，然后用餐巾纸擦干。（增加物主代词，连词和宾语）
(26) 老虎和猫同科。（增加冠词）
(27) 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。（增加形式宾语it）
(28) 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。（增加主语和表示条件的连词）
(29) 我们说，长征是历史记录上的第一次，长征是宣言书，长征是宣传队，长征是播种机。（省略名词）
(30) 他连续讲了两小时的法语，没有出现任何的错误。（省略动词）
(31) 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。（省略连词）
(32) 问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。（省略助词）
(33) 生活在四川的十几个民族，各有不同的文化和风俗，成为巴蜀歌舞取之不尽，用之不竭的创作源泉。（省略意义重复的词语）
(34) 她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。（省略范畴词语）
(35) 人非圣贤，孰能无过。过而改之，善莫大焉。(将原文某些词语隐入译文深层)
(36) 她父亲是一位有名望的教授，但我没有从他父亲身上看到故作姿态的学者派头。(将原文某些词语隐入译文深层)
(37) 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了。(省略动词)
(38) 药理学家们正在认真研究这种药的过敏反应。（省略范畴词语）
(39) 你应该改掉你那种蛮干作风。（省略范畴词语）
(40) 那所大学里的学生任何越轨行为都受到了处罚。（省略范畴词语）
4. 伸缩
(1) There is no provocation for such an angry letter.
(2) Fatty’s Restaurant had become an institution in his life in the last seven years
(3) The trunk was big and awkward and loaded with books. But his case was a different proposition.
(4) The invention of machinery had brought into the world a new era -- the Industrial Age. Money had become King.
(5) The wedding, which Heyward still remembered with pride, was attended by a Who’s Who of Boston Society.
(6) Brain drain has been Egypt’s Number One concern -- as a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world.
(7) Saudi Arabia has had problems with Iraq and South Yemen but he tried hard to remain in touch with leaders of both states.
(8) The US bureaucracy has somehow managed to survive two centuries of tinkering by members of Congress and often hyperactive presidents.
(9) Nancy Seaver was a fixture at Mets games in her school days.
(10) Teachers are always complaining that monitors are not as helpful as they used to be as a result of peer pressure.
(11)一日，他正和秦老坐着，外边走进一个人来，头带瓦楞帽，身穿青布衣服。
(12)其他条件相同，铁比铝热得快。
(13)硬金属可以很容易用砂轮磨削。
(14)为防止人畜触电，高压电一般采用高架线传送。
(15)心脏是人体最重要的器官，如果它停止跳动，死亡随之即来。
(16)正是男性的精子决定受精卵发育成男孩或女孩。
(17)防盗报警器是一种能在小偷行窃时发出警报的装置。
(18)铸造是把原材料加工成成品的最简便方法。
(19)显然，对于那些因妻子的生理问题不能生育的夫妇来说，“试管”婴儿是一种补救办法。
(20)遇到花明柳媚的时节，把一乘牛车载了母亲，他便戴了高帽，穿了阔衣，执着鞭子，嘴里唱着山歌，在乡村镇上，以及湖边到处玩耍，惹的乡下孩子们三五成群跟着他笑，他也不放在意下。
5. 分合
(1) Our little romantic friend formed visions of future for herself. (切分单词)
(2) There is in his study a considerable provision of works of light literature of the 19th century, both in the English and French languages. (切分单词)
(3) The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements. (切分单词)
(4) He had left a note of welcome for me, as sunny as his face. (切分词组)
(5) The Congressman tends to be very interested in public works-such as new government buildings, water projects, military bases -- that will bring money to the area or improve living conditions. (切分词组)
(6) Daybreak comes with thick mist and drizzle. (切分单句)
(7) Helen March picked up the telephone seconds after the first ring and sounded puzzled when Alan asked for Joan. (切分复句)
(8) This suggestion was made today by the influential New York Times which predicted a 'change of topic' at the forthcoming meeting, with emphasis shifting from armament limitation to human
rights. (切分复句)
(9) Sometimes Mrs. Cross would be walking around in the big kitchen watching him eat. (切分单句)
(10)The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos.(切分单句)
(11)Careful cyclists are in less danger than is commonly believed. (切分单句)
(12)His weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade. (切分单句)
(13)To allay the public alarm, General Howe issued a proclamation on the 27th, promising the strictest regularity and order on the part of his army, with security of person and property to all who remained quietly at home, and pardon to those under arms who would promptly return to their obedience.(切分长句)
(14)The big question of China's goal in Korea and the bigger question of how far it will go to achieve it will be answered within two weeks. (切分长句)
(15) His father had a small business in the city of Pisa. This city is in the north of Italy near the sea. (相邻单句合并)
(16) Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.. (相邻单句合并)
(17) He was very clean. His mind was open. (相邻单句合并)
(18)She is very busy at home. She has to take care of the children and do the kitchen work. (相邻单句合并)
(19) When I negotiate, I get nervous. When I get nervous, I eat.(主从复合句合并)
(20)When we praise the Chinese leadership and the people, we are not merely being polite. (主从复合句合并)
(21)天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。(合并)
(22)理论必须密切联系实际，这是我们应当牢记的一条原则。(合并)
(23)他在战斗中表现突出，受到连长的表扬。(合并)
(24)看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气，摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。(合并)
(25)还是热，心里可镇定多了。凉风，即使是一点点，给了人们许多希望。(合并)
(26)人民的觉悟是不容易的，要去掉人民头脑中的错误思想，需要我们做很多切切实实的工作。(分译)
(27)我们的目的一定要达到，我们的目的一定能够达到。(分译)
(28)我们的革命已经获得全世界广大人民的同情和欢呼，我们的朋友遍布全世界。(分译)
(29) 我们恢复和采取这些贸易方式的原因很简单：我们出口商品就是为了我们国外客户消费方面的需要。(分译)
(30)这次大会充分发扬了民主，大家心情舒畅，生动活泼；真正开成了一个团结的大会，胜利的大会。(分译)
6. 译借
(1) Assuming you find hair transplants as distasteful as we do, the best bet is Rogaine (minoxidil), Propecia (finasteride), or both. (移植)
(2) 以华人传统把“福”字倒过来贴来说：对中华文化有认识的人一看便知道是“福到”的意思。(移植)
(3) The third floor housed a sauna, a massage parlor, and a mixed-gender bathhouse.(音译)
(4) Pizza came to the U.S. with Italian immigrants; the first U.S. pizzeria opened in 1905, and pizza became one of the nation's favourite foods after World War II. It is now popular worldwide.
(音译)
(5) During the year, following careful evaluation, the Group has terminated the licensing agreements with the licensors of Japanese cartoon characters “Doraemon” and “Sanrio”, and shifted the focus of this division from being a licensee to becoming a licensor to capitalise on the Group’s own brand “Robbi the bunny”.(移植+音译)
(6) Nylon is made from air, coal and water.(音译)
(7) Illegal street heroin is usually only 2-5% pure; unwitting injection of relatively pure heroin is a major cause of overdose, resulting in depressed respiration, coma, and death. (音译)
(8) 中国旗袍，雍容华丽。(音译)
(9) 他能凭经验预测出台风。(音译)
(10) "你后日也不必来，你要心中不安，你今日就给我磕了头去。"(音译)
7. 直译与意译
(1) We had to contend with a foe armed to the teeth. (直译)
(2) Following the rule of an eye for an eye will only lead to further tragedies. (直译)
(3) Get out, don't shed crocodile tears to me; you know you are really glad they've met with misfortune. (意译)
(4)One man’s meat is another man’s poison. (意译)
(5)Every cloud has a silver lining. (意译)
(6) Finally she played her trump-card and threatened to resign. (意译)
(7)”’人为财死，鸟为食亡’，你晓得么子?”陈妈说道。(直译)
(8)医生说他的病没治了，只有等日子了。(直译+意译)
(9)正如外交部发言人所说的，解铃最好还是系铃人。(意译)
(10)鸿渐四点多钟回家，老妈子一开门就嚷：“大少爷来了，太太，大少爷来了，不要去请了。”(直译+意译)
8. 保留与还原
(1)For the technically minded, the iBook has a carrying handle so it doesn’t need a carrying case, a full sized keyboard, 300-megahertz PowerPC G3 processor, a built-in CD-Rom, a 3.2-gigabyte hard disk drive, a 56K modem and other features. (保留)
(2)In this same period, Cavalien (1598-1647) found the area under the curve y = x n for n = 1, 2, 3…, 9 by a method the length of whose compu tations grew rapidly as the exponent increased. (保留)
(3)以华人传统把“福”字倒过来贴来说：对中华文化有认识的人一看便知道是“福到”的意思。但是翻译成英文后，它可能成为这样一个冗长的句子：
The Chinese character “福” means luck and prosperity, and is commonly pasted inverted on the walls because the Chinese word for “inverted” is“倒” which has the same pronunciation as Chinese word for “arrived”. Thus, this practice is used to symbolize the arrival of luck and prosperity in one's home.
要准确并清楚地了解自己的文化，对那门语言有所认识还是最好的方法。(保留)
(4) "In this age when information technology is developing at Breakneck speed, the economy is going global and research in life sciences has also taken off, do the thoughts of Confucius and Mencius still have a place in society?"(还原)
(5)Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. (Confucius)(还原)
(6) What we are today comes from
our thoughts of yesterday,
and our present thoughts build our life
of tomorrow:
Our life is the creation of our mind.(Buddha) (还原)
(7) 从技术角度看，克隆人类可能吗﹖(还原)
(8) 他是1928年被三Ｋ党杀害的，当时我们住在南方。(还原)
(9) 现实生活使他摆脱了乌托邦的思想。(还原)
(10) 在去北京的火车上我们大家挤在一起，像沙丁鱼似的。(还原)
9. 标点符号的运用
(1)Sergeant: Atten-shun!
Major: As you were! Does any man here have a complaint? Any complaints, private?(使用破折号)
(2)Catherine coloured, and said, “I was not thinking of anything.”(逗号变冒号，句点变句号)
(3)The bookstore does not sell children’s books.(省略单引号)
(4)Have you read Hamlet by Shakespeare?(使用书名号，去掉斜体)
(5)这是我妹夫的信。(增加连字符，用单引号译”的”)
(6)他得到他应该得到的处分。(使用破折号)
(7)他这么做可以说是“孔夫子面前卖文章”。(去掉双引号，增加逗号)
(8)我们要实事求是，实事就是客观存在的事物。(变逗号为句号，增加双引号)
(9)他学习的课程是《基础物理知识》、《平面三角》和《作文》。(去掉书名号，变顿号、句号为逗号和句点)
(10)我不管!谁收了人家的东西谁跟人家走!(变感叹号为句点)
10. 加注法
(1) Its crenellated brick walls and 20 towers were built in the 15th century by Italian architects. The palaces, cathedrals, and government buildings within the walls encompass a variety of styles, including Byzantine, Russian Baroque, and Classical.
(2) The Chaplinesque humor of these young boys sneaking out to explore the World Cup finals or reading soccer magazines instead of studying their religious texts reminds me of "Our Gang" episodes where Spanky and Alfalfa get caught in the travails of boyhood distractions that made us all laugh.
(3) Despite his looks he's said to be something of a Don Juan.
(4) One day, sleepless and deep in debt in suburbia, living the American Dream, they decide that the answer to their financial problems is to find a way to get rich quickly.
(5)At last the days of his trial come to an end. Job is restored to the full possession of his former riches.
(6)唐小姐下去接，到半楼梯，念头一转，不下去了，吩咐佣人去回话道：“小姐不舒服，早睡了。”
(7)周经理见了他，皱眉道：“你怎么一回事？我内人在发肝胃气，我出门的时候，王妈正打电话请医生呢。”
(8)他们到了辛楣所住的亲戚家里，送进名片，辛楣跑出来，看门的跟在后面。辛楣满口的”嫂夫人劳步，不敢当”。
(9)那几个新派到安南或中国租界当警察的法国人，正围了那年轻善撒娇的犹太女人在调情。
(10)方鸿渐为这事整天惶恐不安，向苏小姐谢了又谢，反给她说“婆婆妈妈”。
参考译文
第一部分句子翻译
1. 选词
(1) 在中国，我们每到一个城市，就逛大街，逛商店，逛公园，上剧场，下饭馆。
(2) 仅凭电压的高低，电流的强弱和功率的大小尚不足以区别开来。
(3) 柯林斯先生似乎落得无足轻重了。在年轻小姐们看来，他的确微不足道。
(4) 她不难看出，他说这些话的时候，自以为肯定能得到一个满意的答复。因此虽然他嘴里说自己又担忧又焦急，但脸上却流露出一副稳操胜券的神气
(5) 在那个重大的日子里究竟穿什么衣服，我心里七上八下，老拿不定主意，因为我一方面想要仪容整齐，风度翩翩，而另一方面，我又害怕，惟恐我的穿着在斯潘娄姐妹眼里，会有损我特别讲究实际的品格。
(6) 在她们的眼皮底下，他一天天长大起来。看着他蹒跚学步，咿呀学语，逐渐懂事，她们天天都感到惊喜不已。
(7) 悲愁，一种淡淡的悲愁，终于来临了，但并不是以任何令人不快的形式出现的。泰勒小姐出嫁了。正是泰勒小姐的离去才第一次带来了惆怅。也正是在这位密友举行婚礼的那天，爱玛才第一次独坐良久，愁思绵绵。
(8) 德娜哭过之后，在脸颊上扑了些粉。
(9) 一星期20美元是不经用的。开销总是比她预算的多。
(10) 别指望有什么舒服的地方。咱们能找到房子，有张床睡觉，就谢天谢地了。
(11) 为保证最大分辨率必须选用薄层，为使误差最小，却须选用厚层，实际上通常选用介于两者之间的最佳厚度。
(12) 现在，为了恢复东亚经济实力，整个国际社会所能做的最富成就的贡献就是：帮助这些国家制定经济和金融政策，提高经营管理能力。
(13) 将来撰写尼克松政府的历史时，他的对华政策可能成为通情达理和善于处理外交事务的样板。
(14) 刑事案件中以精神错乱为理由进行辩护，这个问题涉及到医学、法律、伦理道德等三方面问题。
(15) 我看你的建议行得通。
(16) 边防军不得不对入侵敌人作战。
(17) 生意成功最简单的途径就是贱买贵卖。
(18) 我们对史密斯先生非常出色而又发人深省的演说表示感谢。
(19) 他是个苛刻的老板，要求手下的人对他忠心耿耿，鞠躬尽瘁。
(20) 这出戏连续演出120场。
(21) In case of any divergence of interpretation, the English text shall prevail.
(22) Unless it is legally or physically impossible, the contractor shall execute and complete the work and remedy the defects therein in strict accordance with the contract to the satisfaction of the engineer.
(23) We can't say that you will surely succeed if only you make efforts, but you can be sure that your efforts will never be entirely in vain.
(24) She doesn't flatter anyone in his presence nor speak ill of anyone behind his back. Considering these two points, she is praiseworthy.
(25) 80% of China's population lives in the rural areas. There will be no social stability unless their daily needs are met.
(26) I bought this watch in Switzerland two years ago. It keeps good time; it never loses or gains.
(27) The framework of mutual respect sustains our cultural cooperation today.
(28) Indeed he has a short temper.
(29) I’ll challenge my own conclusion.
(30) People are saying that the North-South question is very serious. I think it is a question of development.
2. 替换
(1) 她那一头令人魂牵梦萦的深棕色秀发一部分挽成髻子垂在脑后，还有一部分则散批在肩上，显然是由于匆忙的缘故。
(2) 研究过那封信，我们毫不怀疑此信是别有用心的。
(3) 由于夏季温暖，雨量适宜，山坡平缓，人们已经有可能在这个大陆的大部分地区定居和耕作。
(4) 他疲惫不堪，天气也越来越热，于是他决定一找到舒适的阴凉处就坐下休息。
(5) 有独立见解的观察家们对你们在这方面取得的成就给予了很好的评价。
(6) 难怪老一辈的许多人见了这个就会想到36年前的往事。
(7) 最理想的情况是，有朝一日研究人员能够对地震的成因及具体断层的性质有足够的了解，从而能够直接预报地震。
(8) 千百万山区人民终于摆脱了贫困。
(9) 书有浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。
(10) 必要时，可用循环水或喷气器把摩擦产生的大部分热量带走。
(11) 只要软件行业竞争激烈，未来的各种机会简直是无限的。
(12) 专卖伍德拜茵牌香烟、太妃糖和西红柿的黑市已挤垮了牛津这一历史最久的非法交易点。
(13) 你吃的粮食不是你种的，你穿的衣服不是你做的。
(14) 佩德拉到布拉格来，原是满怀抑郁，如今开心起来，就立即成为女孩子们的领袖。
(15) 这位曾使全世界发出笑声的人自己却饱含辛酸。
(16) 孩子们之所以能把自己的母语学好，恰恰是因为他们投身于语言的海洋之中，而不单单是读几本教科书而已。
(17) 你可以大批制造……数量惊人的事实与数字，但不可能大批生产知识，因为知识是个人头脑用个人经验，经过去伪存真后创造出来的。
(18) 智者千虑，必有一失。
(19) 请勿践踏草坪！
(20) 克伦斯顿家和芬琪雷家，是莱科格斯其余有地位的人的眼中钉——太喜欢出风头，太气焰逼人。
(21) He has long been used to last-minute decisions.
(22) The paper said editorially that it is against the guideline of the Central Committee of our Party to refuse to solve the problem of husband and wife living in two separate places.
(23) What I say today is only an inadequate expression of what I carry in my heart.
(24) I am no drinker, nor smoker.
(25) He is an ardent lover of classic music.
(26) Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources.
(27) Only when the backwardness is perceived can it be changed.
(28) Best surface finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding.
(29) The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking efforts.
(30) We can't reach our strategic goal unless we carry out reform and adhere to the open policy.
(31) There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness.
(32) Nowadays it is understood that a diet without anything harmful may result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.
(33) The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.
(34) Led by the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese people, united as one, are engaged in the great task of building socialism.
(35) Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life.
(36) A thin and weak girl susceptible to disease, she wrote one inspiring novel after another with her strong will.
(37) He was the last man to say such things.
(38) To our disappointment, he failed to take the overall situation into account.
(39) All you can do is to burn your boat and fight them in the hope that one day you’ll come out on top.
(40) Nevertheless, “love me, love my dog”: although he had no desire to have anything more to do with Zhu Yan-nien it would not do to forget the existence of Xu Yi-de, who really was a force to be reckoned with.
3. 增减
(1) 她对他时而兴致勃勃，时而极力挑逗，时而恶意作弄，时而又无动于衷，时而还对他满脸的鄙视。
(2) 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就销声匿迹，永无踪影。
(3) 里士满公园的景物处处使人想起了往事，许多往事一直可以追溯到幼年时代。
(4) 她高兴时就对他招招手，不高兴时就对他打哈欠，再高兴时就再对他招手。他呢，就常常含着辛酸，半闭着眼睛去应付。
(5) 他醉意未消，脑子里突然冒出了一个念头。这个念头显然带有玩笑性质，他禁不住拍了一下大腿，接着就把拳头塞进嘴里，免得笑出声来。
(6) 这样一来，由于历史学家得以更多地知道这些收藏文档，他们就能向那些文档的所有者请求允许利用它们，虽然并非总是如愿以偿。
(7) 为使自己生活不犯错误，我制定了自认为可行的十三条守则。这些守则是：1. 节制饮食，2. 自我克制，3. 沉默寡言，4. 有条不紊，5. 坚定信念，6. 勤俭节约，7. 工作勤奋，8. 老老实实，9. 办事公正，10. 衣履整洁，11. 平心静气，12. 品行高尚，13. 谦虚恭顺。(8) 我环顾四周，只见雨在下，风在刮，周围一片黑暗。不过我隐约看到前面有一堵墙，墙上有一扇门。
(9) 勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；喜爱过度，即成溺爱；勤俭过度，即成贪婪。
(10) 曾经对黑猩猩成功地进行了一项有趣的实验，实验对六只黑猩猩进行训练，让它们操纵一台专用售货机，往投币孔里塞入一枚白色筹码可得到一颗热葡萄。
(11) -- 观察鹿是如何从夏季的活动频繁状态慢慢进入冬季的不频繁状态的，而到冰雪逐渐融化的春季时，它们的活动又是如何增多起来的。
(12) 我和艾勒决定把狗带出去溜溜，不知不觉朝公园走去，公园就在小桥那边，桥下很深的地方，汹涌的洛杉矶河水滚滚流过。现在回想起来，就仿佛是一场梦，当时的情景还在脑海里缓缓流动。那一天，许多小孩在靠近水边的地方玩耍。
(13) 考虑到这一点，他便决定重新搬出中世纪经院哲学的一套来开个学术性玩笑，向惊恐于苏联第一颗人造卫星的美国课堂教育发出挑战。
(14) 这种力量足以打破自满情绪。
(15) 春花绽放，绿叶吐芽，春水奔流，春天欢腾地、无休止地追逐着，这一切比语言丰富得多。
(16) 军人必须服从命令。
(17) 气压低，沸点就低。
(18) 不要自寻麻烦。
(19) 有志者事竟成。
(20) 一月二十一日，弗朗索瓦·密特朗总统和玛格丽特·撒切尔首相在里尔举行的一次仪式上宣布了联合修建英法隧道的决定。
(21) Kindly inform me by the 5th whether you will attend the farewell party to be given on the next Saturday in honor of our former president.
(22) To learn and at due times to repeat what one has learnt, is that after all a pleasure? That friends should come to one from afar, is this not after all delightful?
(23) Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
(24) The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.
(25) This little boy always washes his hands before meals and then dries them with napkins.
(26) The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of animals.
(27) I don’t think it difficult to speak to a foreigner in English.
(28) If one does not enter the tiger’s den, how can he get a tiger’s cub?
(29) We answer that the Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history, that it is a manifesto, a publicity team, a seeding-machine.
(30) He has been speaking in French for two hours without any mistakes.
(31) Learning without thought is vain. Thought without learning is idle.
(32) They enquired about the politics of the day, ignorant of the establishment of the Han Dynasty, and of course of the later dynasties that had succeeded it
(33) The nationalities in Sichuan maintain different cultures and customs, which provide the inexhaustible source of folk songs and dances.
(34) After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand.
(35) To err is human and to mend is a supreme merit.
(36) Her father is a famous professor, but I can't find any scholarly pretence in him.
(37) All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.
(38) The pharmacologists are making a careful study of the allergy of the medicine.
(39) You should get rid of your foolhardiness.
(40) All the irregularities of the students in that university resulted in punishment.
4. 伸缩
(1)写这样一封生气的信简直毫无道理。
(2)去费迪餐厅就餐，七年来已成为他生活中惯常的事情。
(3)那个箱子又大又笨重，装的全是书，不过他随身带的箱子却是另一回事。
(4)机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元即工业时代，金钱成了主宰一切的权威。
(5)参加婚礼的有波士顿社会名流，赫华德想到这次婚礼时，仍然感到非常得意。
(6)人才外流不仅是埃及的首要问题，而且是世界那一地区很普遍的严重问题。
(7)沙特阿拉伯与伊拉克和南也门之间早有纠葛，但他仍竭尽全力与两国领导人保持接触。
(8)美国政府的行政管理机构总算经受住了两百年来国会议员和常常是不安职守的总统们那种东一榔头西一棒子的调整改革。
(9)南希·斯弗尔在学生时代就是麦兹队比赛时场场必到的球迷之一。
(10)教师们一直在抱怨说，那些品学兼优可以帮助老师维持班级秩序、辅导低年级同学的学生也不像以前那么得力了。
(11)One day he was sitting in Old Qin’s cottage when a man wearing a bailiff cap and blue cloth gown came in.
(12)Other things being equal, iron heats up faster than aluminium.
(13)Hard metals can be easily cut with grinding wheels.
(14)High voltage current is usually carried by overhead wire system so as to prevent living things being electrocuted.
(15)The heart is the body’s most vital organ; if it stops working, death soon follows.
(16)It is the father’s sperm which determines whether the fertilized egg will develop into a boy or
a girl.
(17)A burglar alarm is a device for giving warning that thieves are trying to enter a building.
(18)The shortest distance between raw material and a finished part is casting.
(19)Obviously, the “test-tube” baby is a help to couples who can’t have children because of physical problems in the woman.
20)In the fresh and flowering spring he would take out his mother out in a buffalo cart, and, dressed in his high hat and loose gown, flourishing the whip and singing songs, would drive all over the countryside and around the lake. Small groups of village children would tag after him, laughing; but he did not mind them.
5. 分合
(1) 我们的小朋友一脑袋幻想，憧憬着美好的未来。
(2) 在他的书房里有不少19世纪的文学作品，有英文的，有法文的，都是些轻松读物。
(3) 中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
(4) 他留下一封信，对我表示欢迎，那信写得热情洋溢，一如其人。
(5) 议员一般对兴建公共工程很感兴趣，因为这样一来就能为本地区开辟财源或改善生活条件。这类工程包括新的办公大楼、水利设施及军事基地等等。
(6) 黎明时分，大雾弥漫，细雨蒙蒙。
(7) 电话铃响过几秒钟之后，海伦·玛奇拿起话筒。听到艾伦问起琼，她的声音流露出迷惑的语调。
(8) 这个建议是有影响的"纽约时报"今天提出来的。该报预言，即将举行的会议'议题会有改变'，侧重点会由武器限制问题转到人权问题。
(9) 有时克罗斯太太会一面在大厨房踱来踱去，一面看他吃饭。
(10) 烟尘滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混乱之中。
(11) 只要小心谨慎，骑摩托车并不像一般人所想象的那样危险。
(12) 天气愈来愈热，他也感到疲倦。因此，他下定决心，一遇到方便的阴凉处，就坐下来休息。
(13) 为了安定惶惶不安的民心，豪将军在二十七日发出通告，宣布英军将严守纪律，秋毫无犯；凡安分守己呆在家中者，可保证其人身和财产安全；凡武装作乱者，只要立即重新归顺，可以既往不咎。
(14) 中国在朝鲜的目标是一个大问题。中国为了达到这个目标准备走多远，这是一个更大的问题。这两个问题的答案都将在两周内揭晓。
(15) 他的父亲在意大利北部近海的比萨开小铺。
(16) 家，阔别了七年的家，这个字对他多亲切呀!
(17) 他为人单纯而坦率。
(18) 她在家很忙，又要看好孩子，又要下厨。
(19) 我在谈判时总是有些紧张。紧张时我就吃点东西。
(20) 我们对中国领导人和中国人民的赞扬不仅仅是出于礼貌。
(21)It was so cold that the river froze.
(22)That theory must go hand in hand with practice is a principle we should always keep in mind.
(23)He was commended by the company commander for his distinguished performance in the battle.
(24)The janitor staggered down the stairway, stunned and gasping.
(25)It was still hot but everyone felt much better, for the breeze, though slight, brought them hope.
(26)The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.
(27)Our goal must be attained. Our goal will be attained.
(28)Our revolution has won the sympathy and acclaim of the people of all countries. We have friends all over the world.
(29)The reason why we have restored and adopted these trade practices is very simple. Our export commodities are for the use and consumption of our foreign customers.
(30)The conference has given full expression to democracy; the atmosphere has been lively and the delegates have enjoyed ease of mind. Ours has indeed been a congress of unity, a congress of victory.
6. 译借
(1)如果你像我们一样，认为头发移植手术令人厌恶，最好的办法是使用Rogaine (minoxidil)或Propecia (finasteride)，或是二者并用。
(2)Take, for instance, the Chinese trad ition to paste the word “福” upside-down. Anyone familiar with Chinese culture knows that it means “福到”.
(3) 三楼有一间桑拿房、一间按摩室和一间男女混合的浴室。
(4) 比萨随着意大利移民引进美国；1905年第一家美国比萨饼店开业了，第二次世界大战后比萨成为全美国最喜爱的食物之一。上面的馅料还可以加上一些不寻常的食物，如牡蛎和菠萝。
(5) 经过周详研究之后，集团已于本年度终止与日本卡通品牌多啦A梦（Doraemon）和Sanrio 产品的特许经营协议，并由特许经营人变为经营权出让人，以集团自创品牌小兔亚比（Robbi the bunny）为主力。
(6) 尼龙是由空气、煤和水加工制成的。
(7) 街头上非法贩卖的海洛因常只有2～5%的纯度，瘾者如果意外注射了相当纯的海洛因便会导致过量，其主要症状为重度呼吸抑制，严重者甚至会昏迷至死。
(8) The Chinese cheongsam looks rich and magnificent.
(9) He can detect a typhoon by rule of thumb.
(10) "In fact, there's no need for you to come yourself the day after tomorrow. You can kowtow to me now, if that will make you feel better."
7. 直译与意译
(1) 我们必须同武装到牙齿的敌人斗争。
(2) 依循以眼还眼的规则只会造成更多的悲剧。
(3) 走开，别在我面前假惺惺的了；你自己明白，对他们遭到不幸你是暗自高兴的。
(4) 各有所爱。/ 利于甲未必利于乙。
(5) 祸中必有福。
(6) 最后她使出了绝招，扬言要辞职。
(7)”Men die for wealth, birds die for food; are you so ignorant?” retorted Mother Chen.
(8)The doctor said he was mortally ill and had to wait for the day to arrive.
(9)As the spokesman of our Ministry of Forei gn Affairs pointed out: “It is better for the doer to undo what he has done….”
(10)Hung-chien arrived at his parents’ home some time after four o’clock. As soon as she opened the door, the old maidservant yelled, “Eldest Young Master is here! Madam, Eldest Young Master is here! No need to invite him here any more.”
8. 保留与还原
(1)从技术的角度来看，iBook有手提(所以无须手提箱)，它还有全规格键盘、300兆赫的PowerPC G3处理器、内置式光驱、3.2G的硬盘驱动器、56K调制解调器及其他特点。(2)同一时期，卡瓦列里(1598-1647)求出了曲线y = x n ( n = 1, 2, 3……9)下的面积，所用方法的计算过程随着指数的增长而迅速增长。
(3)Take, fo r instance, the Chinese tradition to paste the word “福” upside-down. Anyone familiar with Chinese culture knows that it means “福到”. But when the meaning is explained through English translation, it may become a long and tedious sentence such as this:
The Chinese character “福” means luck and prosperity, and is commonly pasted inverted on the walls because the Chinese word for “inverted” is “倒” which has the same pronunciation as the Chinese word for “arrived”. Thus, this practice is used to symbolise the ar rival of luck and prosperity in one's home.”
To have a good grasp of one's culture, learning its language is the best way.
(4) 孔子和孟子的思想进入现今资讯科技高速发展，经济走向全球化，生命工程也已起步的新世纪时代，究竟还有没有用?
(5)主忠信。(孔子)
(6)欲知前世因/ 今生受者是/ 欲知来世果/ 今生作者是/ 一切唯心造(佛陀)
(7) From the standpoint of technology, is it possible to clone humans ?
(8) He was murdered by the Ku-Klux-Klan, back in 1928, when we lived in the south.
(9) The actual life disillusioned him of utopia.
(10) All of us were packed like sardines in the train to Beijing.
9. 标点符号的运用
(1)中士：“立正——。”
少校：“稍息!你们当中有谁要诉诉苦，有何苦处要说，二等兵？”
(2)凯瑟琳脸上一红，说道：“我什么也没想。”
(3)这家书店不卖儿童书籍。
(4)你读过莎士比亚的《哈姆莱特》吗？
(5)This is my brother-in-law’s letter.
(6)He received what he deserved -- punishment.
(7)In so doing, he was, so to speak, displaying his knowledge before Confucius.
(8)We must seek truth from facts. By “facts” we mean objective reality.
(9)The courses she took were Basic Physical Science, Plane Trigonometry and Composition.
(10)I don’t have any part of them. If you want his things, you marr y him.
10. 加注法
(1) 它的雉堞状的砖墙和二十座塔楼是15世纪的意大利建筑师建造的。大墙内的宫殿、教堂和政府建筑包含了各种风格，包括拜占庭式[1]、俄罗斯巴洛克式[2]以及古典式的。
注释：
[1] 拜占庭式：欧洲一种比较讲究装饰的建筑风格，源于东罗马帝国(即拜占庭帝国)，圆顶，雄伟壮观。
[2] 巴洛克式：十七世纪欧洲流行的一种过分雕琢的建筑风格，宏大豪华，巍峨壮观。(2) 这些男孩把宗教经文抛到一边，悄悄溜出去”钻研”世界杯决赛，或者浏览足球杂志，其卓别林式[1]的幽默，使我想到《咱们一帮人》中斯班基和阿尔法尔法参与男孩子们瞎胡闹的那些搞笑情节。
注释：
[1] 卓别林式的：出自英国著名喜剧表演艺术家查理·卓别林创造的喜剧形象。喻指滑稽可笑却心地善良的喜剧角色，或卓别林式的幽默。
(3) 尽管他其貌不扬，但据说是个很得女人欢心的风流荡子[1]。
注释：
[1] 唐璜：源自英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦所写长篇叙事诗《唐璜》。该作品中的唐璜是个专门玩弄女性的风流浪子。后喻指玩弄女性的花花公子。
(4) 一天，当人们在债务泥潭的边缘挣扎而无法人睡时，他们便做起美国梦[1]，认定解决他们财务问题的方法就是快点发财。
注释：
[1] 美国梦，即美国式的民主与自由。不依赖世袭的物质条件和社会地位，白手起家的个人奋斗精神。
(5)最后考验约伯[1]的日子到了尽头，约伯恢复了从前所有的财富。
注释：
[1]约伯，《圣经》中人物，极为富有，并且具有忍耐精神。
(6)She went downstairs to answer the phone, but half down the stairs she changed her mind, stopped and instructed her maid to say, “ Young Lady[1]isn’t feeling well and has gone to bed.”Notes：
[1]Term of address of a servant for the young mistress of the house. The daughter of the family is usually identified as “Hsiao-chieh (young lady) to and by the servants.
(7)When Manager Chou saw him, he asked with a frown, “What’s with you? My wife’s having a gastric attack. When I left the house, Mama Wang[1]was calling the doctor.”
Notes：
[1]Maidservants are usually addressed as “Mama” this or that.
(8)When they arrived at the home of the relatives with whom Hsin-mei was staying and sent in their card, Hsin-mei came running out with the doorkeeper behind him, saying, “Sister-in-law[1], how nice of you to come. I’m honored.”
Notes:
[1]The Chinese “sao fu-jen,” a proper term of address for a friend’s wife.
(9)The Frenchmen, newly commissioned to serve as policemen in Vietnam or in the French Concession in China[1], had gathered around and were flirting with a coquettish young Jewish woman.
Notes：
[1]A reference to the French Concession in Shanghai, an area outside the jurisdiction of the Chinese.
(10)This incident left him fearful and uneasy for the rest of the day. He thanked her again and again, only to have her call him “Granny.” [1]
Notes：
[1]The original reads “p’o-p’o ma-ma,” an expression which describes a fastidious “gra nny-type” person, very much interested in minor or unimportant details.
郭著章 李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》笔记和课后习题(含考研真题)详解(大写、标点符号与英汉互译)
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人Italian，中国籍(中国人或中国人的)Chinese，汉语Chinese天主教Catholic，新教徒Protestant。 10. 其他一切有特殊含义的词语，包括一句或一信的开头词、诗行的开头词、直接引语的开头词、强调词语等，和前9条中所说的词语一样，其首字母或全部字母必须大写。如： (1) 他爱国。 He loves his motherland. (2) 亲爱的先生： Dear Sir， (3) (诗句)听!那山谷深深，/充满了她歌唱的清音。 O listen! for the vale profound/Is overflowing with the sound. 第2节汉译英与标点 一、汉语标点符号 汉语书面语中共有l6种标点符号，它们是：l. 句号(。)2. 问号(?)3. 叹号(!)4. 逗号(，)5. 顿号(、)6. 分号(；)7. 冒号(：)8. 引号(“”)9. 括号(( ))10. 破折号(—)11. 省略号( (12) 着重号(. )13. 连接号(-)14. 间隔号(·)15. 书名号(《》)16. 专名号(____) 要正确地使用标点符号，记清它们的位置亦非常重要。《标点符号用法》对每种符号的位置也作了明确规定：“句号、问号、叹号、逗号、顿号、分号和冒号都是占一个字的位置，通常不出现在一行之首。引号、括号、书名号的前一半不出现在一行之末，后一半不出现在一行之首。破折号和省略号都占两个字的位置，中间不能断开。连接号和间隔号一般占一个字的位置。在书写和印刷时，这四种符号上下居中。着重号、专名号和浪线式书名号标在字
最新北外英语专业超全面翻译笔记(近10万字
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第一部分：数词的译法 一、数字增减的译法： 1.句式特征：by＋名词＋比较级＋than The wire is by three inches longer than that one.这根导线比那根长3英寸。 2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋to+n.译为：增加到。。。。或减少到。。。。 Metal cutting machines have been decreased to 50.金属切割机已经减少到50台。 二、百分数增减的表示法与译法 1.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋％ The output value has increased 35%.产值增加了35％ 2.句式特征：表示增减意义的动词＋by＋％ Retail salses should rise by 8%商品零售额应增加3％ The prime cost decreased by 60%.主要成本减少60％ 3.句式特征：表示减少意义的动词＋to+%表示减少后剩余的数量 By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%.采用这种新工艺，铁的损失量减少到20％ 4.句式特征：％＋比较级＋than表示净增减的数量 Retail sales are expected to be nine percent higher than last year.今年零售额与去年相比，有望增加9％。 5.句式特征：％＋比较级＋名词表示净减数 The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied. 新型机械能耗量净减10％ 6.句式特征：a + % + increase表示净增数 There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.与去年相比，今年钢产量净增20％ 7.句式特征：％+ (of) 名词（代词）表示净减数，数字n照译 The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year.今年产值仅为去年的60％8.句式特征：%＋up on 或over表示净增数 The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.去年粮食产量比1978年净增20％。 第二部分倍数增加的表示法及译法 汉语表示“增加了几倍”时，英语的倍数表示倍数需减一，译成“增加了n-1倍”以表示净增加数。如果译成“增加到n倍”或“为原来的n倍”，则照译不误。 1.句式特点：表示增加意义的动词＋n times“表示成倍地增长，译成”增加到N倍“或”增加n-1倍“ 注：1倍 once; 2倍twice（或double）；3倍thrice（或three times） 2.句式特点：表示增加意义的动词＋ｂｙ＋ n times，该句式与上述相同 3.句式特点：表示增加意义的动词＋to＋ n times表示增加到N倍，译成”增加了n-1倍“
基本功练习之雅思写作英汉互译答案
基本功练习之雅思写作英汉互译答案 （一） 1. Many people believe that the biggest disadvantage of technology is that it may give rise to some unimaginative negative influences. 2. The fact that computers deprive people of their imagination and creativity makes me believe that they are a curse rather than a blessing. 3. It goes without saying that the eye-catching development of the Internet makes many people believe that it is cure-all solution. However, it is not always the case. 4. It cannot be denied that museums can play an educational role for the simple reason that they provide the public with a good opportunity to study their countries’ history and tradition. 5. Many people fail to take into account the vital fact that the diversity of languages will enhance the cultural development and that is why so many languages are on a verge of extinction. 6. Nothing has received more praise and abuse than TV. 7. There is no doubt that the relationship between family members is not as close as it used to be. 8. The reason why advertisements are so prevailing is that they are informative. 9. So prevailing is the Internet that nobody can avoid being influenced by it. 10. It is conceivable that students taking part-time jobs can cultivate their independence and team-work spirit.
高三英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析
高三英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。(play) 2．由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。(owing) 3．每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。(stand) 4．能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。(It) 5．在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 【答案】 1．She began to play the violin five years ago. 2．Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 3．Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time. 4．It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games. 5．At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to. 【解析】 1．根据“五年前”确实时态，可知用一般过去时，注意短语play the violin。 【考点定位】考查动词时态、习语及表达能力。 2．根据提示词可知，由于译为：owing to ，此处to是介词。注意用被动语态，因为航班被推迟。 【考点定位】考查介词短语及被动语态。 3．此句希望（hope）是谓语动词，后接宾语从句。时态用一般现在时。 【考点定位】考查宾语从句及时态。 4．此句it是形式主语，whether引导主语从句，时态一般现在时。短语：抵御诱惑resist the temptation。 【考点定位】考查主语从句及形式主语it的用法。 5．注意句子结构的安排，“孩子们翘首以盼的”应译为定语从句。时态用一般过去时。 【考点定位】考查定语从句及相关短语的表达。 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect) _________________________ 2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) _________________________ 3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable)
最新英语翻译练习题20篇
最新英语翻译练习题20篇 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。(accustomed) 2．将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己。(be up to) 3．没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than) 4．家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏，以免遭遇不测。(for fear) 5．虽然现代社会物资丰富，给予消费者更多的选择，但也使不少人变成购物狂。(turn) 【答案】 1．I’m accustomed to listening to some light music before sleep. 2．It’s up to you what kind of life will lead in the future. 3．There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel programme. 4．Parents ask their kids not to play by the river for fear that something terrible might happen. 5．While modern society, rich in material resources,has given consumers more choice, it turns many of them into crazy shoppers. 【解析】试题分析： 1．翻译这句话的时候，注意词组：be accusto med to doing“习惯于做……”。 2．这句话使用了句型：It’s up to you +从句，“做….由某人决定”。这里what kind of life will lead in the future.是主语从句，it是形式主语。 3．这句话使用了There be句型， nothing 后面是形容词做定语，因为是比较的含义用形容词的比较级more exciting，还有词组“被允许做”be allowed to ，以及词组“参加”：take part in 。 4．这句话使用了for fear that 引导目的状语从句，和词组“让某人不要做……”ask sb. not to do. 5．这句话使用了连词While 表示“尽管，虽然”。词组“富含”be rich in ，主句中使用了词组turn…. into …..“将…变成…”。 考点：考查翻译句子 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．今年元旦我们玩得很开心。(enjoy) 2．舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。(congratulate) 3．经过多年的建设，这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as) 4．演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。(familiar) 5．她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。(No sooner)【答案】
杨士焯《英汉翻译教程(第2版)》笔记和课后习题详解(翻译写作篇)
第8章翻译写作篇 8.1 复习笔记 一、汉语的表达优势和行文特点 1. 精炼简约 汉语文章的这一特点，与汉语词汇的特点有关。 (1) 词本身没有形态变化，即它没有性、数、格、时态这些形式上的变化。如“你去”“我去”“今天去”“明天去”，都是一个“去”，词的语音和书写都没有发生变化。 (2) 语词具有一定的伸缩性。许多单音节和双音节的词一经重叠，即表示另外的意思，词性也可能发生变化。如“人——人人”“说——说说”“高兴——高高兴兴——高兴高兴”等。 (3) 许多双音节词还可以在特定的语境下节缩，并不影响原来意思的表达。如“无（执）照经营”“毫不利（自）己，专门利（他）人”“供（应）需（求）见面”等。 (4) 大量的成语、典故、俗语、谚语、格言等，以极少的文字包容了大量的信息。如“负荆请罪”“叶公好龙”等。 2. 富于意象 所谓意象，即感情与形象的有机结合。如“木欣欣以向荣，风飘飘而吹衣”能构成鲜明的意象美。汉字独特的形声构成，是汉语富于意象的重要因素。 3. 中文思维导致汉语文本独特的语言结构和形式要素。 中文思维有“象性原则”“并置原则”“对偶原则”“殿后原则”“铺排原则”“凝
练原则”和“协律原则”。 从翻译的角度看，直接对译文写作有影响的有： (1) 并置原则 汉语写作中常有“叠言”“叠句”“叠章”的语言形式。作者通过“并置”的语句，创造意象纷呈、语义丰满、语势张扬的叙述话语。如，“诚信是……；诚信是……”，不仅有声有色地强化了文意，同时还把文意展示为一个细腻、立体的意脉网络，见出才华和文采。 (2) 对偶原则 强调词性、词义的相反相成。在写作上，最典型的就是骈体文和近体诗的写作，它们都要求对仗，并形成了严格的规范。 这种对偶句式积淀在民族文化心理结构中，在写作中我们有了上句，往往下意识地就生带出下一句来。翻译到顺手处，译者自然也会写出这种句式。 (3) 凝练原则 中国人讲究“炼字”“炼句”“炼篇”和“炼意”，讲究“推敲”，林语堂认为，汉语的单音节性“造就了极为凝练的风格”。 (4) 声律原则 这一原则对诗和散文创作影响非常大。声律还包括节奏。“譬如仄声的字容易表示悲苦的情绪，响亮的声音容易显出欢乐的深情，长的句子表示温和弛缓，短的句子代表强硬急迫的态度”（梁实秋《论散文》）。 只要我们掌握了汉语的行文特征和神韵，我们就能在翻译过程中，自觉地在字里行间继承发扬这种文字传统，创造出灿烂的译文篇章。 二、翻译写作论
考博英语翻译笔记
考博英语翻译笔记 倒装和分割结构 为了强调句子的某些部分，或是为了保持句子平衡，英语中常常使用倒装。大体说来，倒装可以分为主谓倒装和非主谓倒装。主谓倒装里又分为完全倒装和部分倒装。在翻译的时候，既可以按照主谓语的顺序翻译，也可以按照字面意思翻译。非主谓倒装只是将强调部分前置，以保持句子平衡或是起强调作用。翻译时可以采用顺序译法或是倒序译法。 1. For example, they do not compensate for social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances. 分析：本句中had he grown up under more favorable circumstances 属于部分倒装。正常语序为：if he had grown up under more favorable circumstances 。在正式文体中，可以将虚拟条件句中的if 省略，并将助动词提前。 译文：例如，它们(指测试)并不弥补社会的不公，因此不能说明一个贫困青年，要是在比较有利的境况下长大，会有多大才干。 2. Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom ” generation reached its child-bearing years. 分析：该句中so did bigger crops of babies 属于语法倒装。用so 来代替前述肯定句谓语部分所说情况。 译文：不间断的移民浪潮也起了作用——而且随着昔日在“ 生育高峰期” 出生的 一代人达到生育年龄，婴儿的出生数量增加了，这同样起了作用。 3. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her in thoroughness, whatever the job. 分析：该句的Much as I have traveled 是一个由as 引导的让步状语从句。相当于though I have traveled much ，但语气要比后者强。这种结构要求部分倒装。 译文：我虽然见多识广，但还从未见过比她细心的人，不管什么职业 4. Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write correctly. 分析：相信大家对这种结构都不陌生。Only 后加副词、介词、状语从句时要用部分倒装。但是要注意的是，如果only 修饰的不是状语，则不用倒装。 译文：只有很好地掌握了语法知识，写出来的东西才会正确。 5. Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West . 分析：当句首是否定副词或含有否定词的词语时，一般要部分倒装。 译文：1980 年哪里的人口普查统计资料也不如远西地区的更能生动地说明美国人对宽敞的生活环境的追求。 6. Hardly had he began to speak when the audience interrupted him. 分析：hardly…when的结构表示“冈U…就…”。含有这种结构的句子常将hardly 置于句首，而采用部分倒装的语序。此外，hardly分句中一般采用过去完成时，而when (或before )分句中使用过去时。还有，与hardly…when… 结构类似的用法还有barely (scarcely)…whe n … 译文：他刚开始讲，听众就打断了他的话。 7. To such length did she go in rehearsal that two actors walked out.
题库——英汉互译
题型四英汉互译 学生学习与生活类 Passage 1 1. 现如今许多学生对上网十分感兴趣。 But it has the good sides and the Bad ones. Generally, we can see the following good sides. First it’s quick for kids to get lots of information they need. 2. They can also open their eyes by making use of the Internet. Besides, they can make a lot of friends on the Internet. But the bad sides are also clear. 3. It is easy for kids to fall in love with computer games and it’s hard for them to stop. That is a waste of time and money, 4. 并且这对他们的学习也有害。To make matters worse, a lot of kids get cheated on the Internet. However , I believe that the good sides are over the bad ones, so I would not give up the Internet. But I will never spend more than one hour on the Internet. 5. In this way， it will not have a bad influence on my life and study. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了学生上网的两面性：有利的是可以更快地获取知识、提高学习成绩与结交很多朋友；不利的是很容易沉迷于网络游戏、影响学习及上当受骗。 many students are very interested in surfing the Internet.【解析】对……感兴趣be interested in...；上网surf the Internet。 2.他们也可以通过使用网络来开拓他们的视野。【解析】open eyes开拓视野；
高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题
高中英语翻译技巧和方法完整版及练习题 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：翻译句子 1．只有当我们了解了不同的肢体语言我们才可以很好地跟人们交流。(only＋状语从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 2．这就是我们未来的生活。(what引导的名词性从句) ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1． Only when we have mastered the different body languages can we communicate well with them. 2． This is what our life will be like in the future. 【解析】 【分析】 本大题为根据括号内的要求把汉语句子翻译成英语。翻译时尽可能地精确，按照要求翻译还要注意某些特殊的语法项目。如倒装句式等。 1．考查倒装句式。本大题要求用only+状语从句来翻译。Only+状语从句置于句首，主句要部分倒装。因此本句要翻译成部分倒装。同时要注意运用短语如肢体语言可译成“body languages”，与某人交流可译为“ communicate with”。因此本句可译为Only when we have mastered the different body languages can we communicate well with them。 2．考查由what引导的名词从句。分析句子可知，本句是一个表语从句，表语从句中的介词like缺少宾语，可用what引导。因此本句可译为：This is what our life will be like in the future. 2．高中英语翻译题：Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．熬夜大大影响健康。(affect) _________________________ 2．等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time) _________________________ 3．从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable) _________________________ 4．据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It) _________________________ 【答案】 1．Staying up late affects one’s health greatly. 2．By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up. 3．In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing
英语翻译练习二十天(26-50)
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《英汉翻译基础教程》 笔记及习题(篇章翻译)【圣才出品】
第7单元篇章翻译 7.1 复习笔记 语篇通常指一系列连续的语段或句子构成的语言整体。语篇包括“话语”（discourse）和“篇章”（text）。语篇特征为：连贯、衔接，且具有明确的论题结构。 一、衔接 根据Halliday和Hasan的著作《英语中的衔接》，衔接手段大致可分为两种：语法衔接手段（grammatical cohesion）和词汇衔接手段（lexical cohesion）。前者又可以包括指称（reference）、省略（ellipsis）、替代（substitution）和连词（conjunction）。 1. 指代 指代主要分为三类：人称指代、指示指代和比较指代。 英语中，为了实现衔接，一般尽量采用代词指代前面出现的名词。汉语倾向于重复前文出现的名词，或者采用“零式指称”，省略主语。例： My friend looked somewhat ill at ease when he told me this: At the time when he bought this big house, his children had all been at school. Now they had their own homes and jobs. 【译文】朋友有点不好意思地说，买这座房子时，孩子们还在上学，如今都成家立业了。 2. 省略
省略可以分为名词省略、动词省略和小句省略。例： I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 【译文】我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。 3. 替代 “替代”指用较简短的语言形式替代上文中的某些词语，使行文简练流畅。 （1）名词替代比较常见的是使用one代替前文出现的某个名词。例： Carrie picked out the new abode because of its newness and bright wood—work. It was one of the very new ones supplied with steam heat, which was a great advantage.（Sister Carrie, Dreiser, T） 【译文】嘉莉选中这套新居所，是因为它是新建的，而且房间的木质部分色泽鲜亮，屋里有暖气，这是当时最新的房子才有的。 【分析】原文中，ones替代了abode；译文中，“房子”与其前面的“居所”构成同义词。 （2）动词替代经常是用助动词do的几种形式来代替前文出现的某个动词或动作意义。例： And yet this John Openshaw seems to me to be walking amid even greater perils than did the Sholtos. 【译文】可是在我看来，这个约翰·奥彭肖似乎是正在面临着比舒尔托更大的危险。 【分析】原文中，did替代了walked amid peril；译文中，该处同样进行了省略处理。 （3）小句替代使用指示代词指代前文出现的某一小句或者某一概念。例： “Well, I’ve got twenty-two dollars, but there’s everything to be paid for this
英语翻译——笔记整理及单词概述
考研翻译重点词汇 Abstract n.摘要，概要，抽象 adj.抽象的，深奥的，理论的 Accelerate vt.&vi.（使）加快，（使）增速， n.接受速成教育的学生 Account (1)看法,认识 (2)解释,说明 Account for 占…(多大)比重; 解释, 说明 Achievement n.成就；成绩；功绩，达到；完成 Acquire vt.得到，养成，vt 获得；招致，学得（知识等），求得，养成（习惯等），捕获， Action n.作用，动[操]作，行动，机械装置[作用]，（小说等中的）情节 Activity n.活动，活动的事物，活动性，机能，功能 Actually adv.现实的，实际的；目前的；明确的，有效的 Additional adj.增加的，额外的，另外的 Advance vt.&vi.（使）前进，（使）发展；促进， vt.提出 Advantage n.利益，便利，有利方面，有利条件；优点；优势， （网球等）打成平手（deuce ）而延长比赛后一方先得的一分（攻方所得称 advantage in ，守方所得则称 advantage out ） Agree vi.一致；相合同意，赞成约定，允诺，答应，相宜，调和，符合，和睦相处 Almost adv.几乎，差不多，差一点；将近 Amount n.量，数量，数额，总额，总数 vi.合计，共计 An immense amount of … 大量 An amount of … 一些 A certain amount of … 某些 Analogous 与…类似, 与…相似 And 而, 然而 Apply … to … ≈ lie with 存在于,发生于 Approach vt.&vi.接近，走近，靠近； vt.接洽，交涉；着手处理； n.靠近，接近，临近 Appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的； vt.挪用；占用；盗用 Argue vt.&vi.争吵，辩论； vt.坚决主张，提出理由证明，说服，劝说 Arise vi.&link v.呈现；出现；发生； vi.起身，起来，起立 As 译为 (1) 像, 如 ; (2) 作为 As … as (比较的两者要一致) = not so … as 译成:“… 和 … 一样 ” As is mentioned above 如上所述, (如上所示,如图所示---作文可以写) Aspect n.方面，方位，朝向 Assert vt.声称，断言，维护，坚持 Assume vt.假设，认定, 臆断，猜想，假装，担，担任，就职 Attempt n.尝试，企图vt.尝试，企图 Augment vt.增加，提高，扩大； n.增加，提高，扩大 Availability n.可用性，有效性，实用性 Base n.基础，底座，基地，根据地 vt.把…建立在，以…为基础 Behavioral adj.动作的，行为方面的 Big bang 大爆炸理论 Branch n.树枝，枝条，支，分科，分系； vi.出枝，树叉 Breakthrough : 突破 Break prison (监狱)越狱 Break out v. 爆发 Out break: n. 爆发
5年级英汉互译专项练习
五年级英汉互译专项训练 姓名 1.墙上有一面镜子。There is a _______on the wall. 2.天空上的白云真漂亮。 The white ___________in the sky are beautiful. 3.我家前面有一条小道。There is a ____________in front of my house. 4.过来看看我的新窗帘吧。 Come and look at my new _______________. 5.我经常和爸爸下棋。I often play ____________with my father. 6.There is a nature park in our city. 在我们的城市里有一个________________。 7.She is helpful at home.她在家是__________________________。 8.There are some nuts on the desk.Please help yourself. 桌子上有一些坚果，请___________。 9.She can help her mum put away the clothes. 她能帮助妈妈_____________________。 10.P lease empty the trash.请______________________。 11.河上有座桥。There is a __________over the river. 12.森林里有许多树。There are many ____________in the forest. 13.她在浇花。She is watering the ___________. 14.公园里有湖吗？Is there a ___________in the park? 15.我会拖地。I can sweep the __________.
【英语】 高考英语翻译专项训练100(附答案)及解析
【英语】高考英语翻译专项训练100(附答案)及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的