词义猜测——高三阅读理解专题讲解教案

高三英语专题复习--英语阅读理解技巧(词义猜测题)

Think of strategies on how to deal with exams calmly, so their anxieties don't get the better of them.（周测1）

Q：The underlined expression get the better of in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _.

A. defeat

B. worry

C. keep sb. calm

D. make sb. feel better

In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment. （周测2）

Q:What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate?

A. It is wise to value one’s time.

B. It is important to make an effort

C. It is right to stick to one’s belief.

D. It is enough to do the necessary.

Over the centuries the French have lost a number of famous battles with the British. However, they’ve always felt superior in the kitchen. France has for centuries had a reputation for cooking excellence, and Britain for some of the worst cooking in the world. But according to a recent survey, that reputation may no longer reflect reality.(周测3)

Q：What does the underlined part in the first paragraph imply?

A. French cooking is better than British cooking.

B. The British defeated the French in many battles.

C. British cooking is thought to be the worst.

D. British cooking is now better than it was.

When the plane was being hit by the terrible storm, when it shook this way and that, as it rose and fell so severely, when all the adults were scared half to death, that unusual child was completely composed and unafraid.”（周测4）

Q：Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “composed”?

A．clever B．calm C．strong D．healthy Circadian rhythms---the human body’s own internal clock---have a powerful influence on our health and behaviour. They are programmed from birth and control functions ranging from temperature and blood pressure to sleep patterns. （周测5）

Q：The underlined word “They” in the first paragraph refers to ________.

A. our clocks

B. scientists and experts

C. our daily routines

D. circadian rhythms

People who say harsh and negative things may not mean to harm, but have you ever

the glass as half empty rather than half full. How do you feel when you are around this type of person? Remember words have power. Use them wisely. （周测7）

Q：The word “naysayer” underlined in the last paragraph refers to a person who ____.

A. talks big

B. likes to be praised

C. has a negative attitude

D. likes to repeat what others say

An experienced garden designer can help you create a garden best suited to you and your lifestyle, rather than impose their own ideas on you. He will listen to and help draw out your ideas. By keeping the garden design simple you and your chosen designer will have created the structure of a garden, similar to the structure of a house together with some details. （周测8）

Q：The underlined word “impose” in the third paragraph means.

A. force

B. turn

C. improve

D. imagine

Before the program began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the buffet （自助餐）, only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said. （周测9）

Q：The underlined sentence means__________.

A. After eating , their eyes became bigger.

B. Their stomachs would become smaller than their eyes.

C. They took more than their could eat.

D. They ate not enough.

But his addiction, which began at the age of 15, caused him to drop out of school and lose almost two stones in weight. He would take 10 photos of himself before he washed and would sneak out of class three times every hour. At 16, he dropped out of school so he could focus on his addiction, and his diet began to deteriorate. （周测10）

Q：The underlined word "deteriorate" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to_

A. become less

B. become worse

C. become helpless

D. become endless

In that case, we will ignore those aspects of oneself which one is not pleased with. One doesn’t want to know about them or acknowledge them, which is the obstacle to growth. Since the weaknesses exist and can not be rid of, one can never take pride in himself or love himself. （周测11）

Q:The underlined word “them”(Para. 2) refers to __________.

A. weaknesses

B. obstacles to growth

C. unpleasant aspects of oneself

D. dislikes of attitudes and reactions

Task 1: Summary

1. 下划线部分通常为: 考纲外生词（如周测4，7，8，10）、__________（如周测_____）、___________(如周测________)、___________(如周测_________)、________________。

2. 猜词题的提问方式有（列举出四种提问方式）：

e.g. The underlined expression“…”in Paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _________.

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

提示) that help you find the key words in the context（上下文）？If there is any, please underline them.

一、构词法

1.构词法:根据句义及构词法猜测划线词的意思，并将它们按构词法的“派生，合成，（词

性）转化”分类。

(1)Overwork may cause diseases.

(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the manager's eyes.

(3) Saint Valentine’s Day is a time of happiness for lovers．Boys like to give girls flowers as presents．On that day，he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hand．

(4)Today it’s his turn to empty the rubbish.

Summary：构词法的分类与特征

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 练习

1. It’s true that lighthouse were built in out-of-the-way place.

2. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?

3. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him.

2.语境法

方法探究一：定义描述

1) The lion has its “territory” , which is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own. “territory”means ___________

2)It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily. “brittle” means______

3)He is a resolute man. In other words, once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway.

The underlined word means____.

A. strong

B. determined

C. kind

D. clever

（特征词）归纳一：______________________________________________________________。方法探究二：转折或对比

1)He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.

A. got better

B. became worse

C. changed

D. was well

2)Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.

A. pretty

B. calm

C. protective

D. energetic

（特征词）归纳二：______________________________________________________________。方法探究三：因果关系

1）2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. “futile” means:________

2）That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

A. small

B. large

C. dull

D. boring

（特征词）归纳三：______________________________________________________________。方法探究四：举例法

1)On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. “poultry” means：_________

2) Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglots” means：_________

3) Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.”

“boasting” means: ________

（特征词）归纳四：______________________________________________________________。方法探究五：常识

In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves plenty of dowry. dowry：_______

（特征词）归纳五：______________________________________________________________。方法探究六：上下文猜测词义

1. The days of “fish whistle”may be just around the corner. Japanese companies are working on methods that will train fish to return to harvest areas at the sound of an undersea whistle.

Q：The phrase “around the corner” in Paragraph2 means__________.

A．i n the near future B. on the point of changes C. not practical D. impossible

2. The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn. And it may even speed up while in the process.

Q：By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be ____.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d51788279.html,ed

B. mastered

C. developed

D. researched

3. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.

A. a party designed by specialists

B. a plan requiring careful thought

B. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests

归纳六：________________________________________________________________。

体验高考

1. When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. （08广东）The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours _____.

A. attracted the customers strongly

B. had weak effects on the customers

C. tricked the customers into shopping

D. caused the customers to lose interest

2. Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell. What does the underlined word “descendants” probably mean?

A. later generations

B. friends and relatives

C. colleagues and partners

D. later sponsors

3. One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an

empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven（未剃须的）man, who looked disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.

What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?

A. Unfriendly.

B. Untidy.

C. Gentle.

D. Kind

4. As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now I’m afraid. (04广东卷)

The underlined part “it” re fers to______.

A. a taxi

B. the money

C. a bomb

D. public transport

5.For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,”he said.

The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to

A. freezing points

B. burning points

C. melting points

D. boiling points

6. New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.

The word “coupled”in the first paragraph could best be replaced by .

A. produced

B. contributed

C. doubled

D. combined

7. “Here’s the idea,” Anne says. “Anything you think there should be more of, do it randomly.” Her fantasies include painting the cl assrooms of shabby schools, leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town, and giving money secretly to a proud old lady. Anne says, “Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.”

Which of the following statements is closest in the meaning to the underlined sentence above?

A.Kindness and violence can change the world.

B.Kindness and violence can affect one’s behavior.

C. Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves.

D. Kindness and violence can shape one’s character.

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