外研版九上Module3知识点复习总结
外研版九上M3 重难知识点总结
（一）重点单词
1、allow 作及物动词，“允许，承认”
1）可接名词，代词或者名词性从句做宾语。
e.g.：He allowed that he was wrong. 他承认他错了。
2）可接双宾语，allow sb. sth.
e.g.: Please allow me a few more minutes. 请再多给我几
分钟。
3）常接复合宾语，allow sb. to do sth. ; allow doing sth.
e.g.: Our teacher allows us to go out for a walk.
People shouldn’t allow smoking in public .
4)可用于被动语态，be allowed to do sth.
e.g.: You are not allowed to smoke on buses.
2、defeat 1)做动词，“击败；失败”
e.g.: The enemy was defeated in a decisive battle.
2）作名词，“击败，失败”
e.g.: Our team has never suffered a defeat.
【语义区别】
win ：“赢得”赛事、战争、奖品等，宾语是game，prize 等，不能接人。后接人时，意为“争取赢得某人的好感或支持，说服了”。
win an election / a game / a war / an argument/ five gold medals. beat ：在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手。可与defeat互换，而且没有defeat 正式。
beat还有“连续打击、心跳、敲鼓”等意思。
beat a drum 敲鼓beat at the door 砸门
defeat：在比赛中“战胜、击败”对手。在战争中“战胜、击败”敌人。
1. The athlete ________ his competitors and _______ the gold medal.
2. Last week our school _____ their school at football.
3. Who do you think will ________ the next election?
4. She`s alive----- her heart is still _______ .
Keys: 1 defeated/ beat ; won 2 defeated/ beat
3 win
4 beating
3、encourage 及物动词vt. “鼓励，助长”
1）.鼓励 e.g.: She encouraged him to talk to her.
她鼓励他与她交谈。
2)Don’t encourage him in his idle ways. 不要助长他的惰性。
4、record
1) 作名词，“最高纪录”
Set up a record 创纪录；hold a record 保持纪录；break a record 打破记录
2) 作动词“记录；记载；录音”
e.g.: Listen to the teacher and record what he says.
5、regularly adv. “有规律地”
e.g.: The mile man comes regularly every day.
regular adj. “规律的；固定的；经常的”
e.g.: His heartbeat is not regular.
6、race 1) 作名词，“比赛；竞赛
e.g.: Li lei ran faster than Jim in the 100-meter race.
2) 作动词，“跑；和……赛跑”
e.g.: We raced to put out the fire.
[race. game. match]
1．game 主要指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则，凡参加者均需遵守。可以是体力方面的，也可以是脑力方面的，多用于美语。英国英语则用match. 这时，game和match可以互换。
a football game/match a Ping-Pong match/game a tennis match/game a boxing match/game After a game on the sports field they often become good friends.
在运动场上进行一场比赛之后，他们常常变成了好朋友。
They buy tickets or turn on their TVs to watch the games.他们买票或打开电视机看比赛。
2game 作复数时，一般指大型的国际体育运动会、比赛会或学校的游戏课、体育课。如：the Olympic Games=the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会。
3．race n. 赛跑；速度方面的比赛，如赛跑或赛车
racer n. 比赛者(包括人,动物,车辆等)
a horse race赛马
a 10-mile race 10英里赛跑
attending the dog races.参加赛狗大会
7、chance n. “机会；机遇”
give one’s a chance to do sth 给某人一个机会做某事
e.g.: Give me a chance and I’ll give you a surprise.
would you mind giving me a chance to speak, please?
2) have a chance to do sth / have a chance of doing sth有机会做某事
（二）重点短语
set up “建立,创立”
A new government was set up after the war.
新政府于战后成立。
“竖立；建立
The laid-off worker set up a vegetable stall in the morning market.
这个下岗工人在早市上支起了一个菜摊。
“使恢复健康”
Her holiday in the country has set her up.
get to “着手处理；开始；打动；影响；到达”
e.g.: His honest got to me.
When she got to the station, the train had already left.
first of all “首先；起初”
Never waste anything, but _____ never waste time.
A.the first
B. all first
C. first of all
He is the first student ______ school.
A. come to
B. comes to
C. comes
D. to come to the first + n.+to do sth. “第一个做某事的……”
now that 常常用来为一种新的情况或状况作出解释，表示“既然；由于”
e.g.: Now that you’ve grown up, you must stop this children behavior.
_____ you are not a child any more, you must think about your future.
A. Now that
B. Then
C. I f
D. Because of
make sure “确信；确保” 后面可以接that 从句。
e.g.: Make sure that you have turned off the gas before you go to work.
Make sure of “确实；确保；证实”
In order to get to work on time , you’d better make sure of time.
chance 偶然地
e.g.: I met him by chance.
bi gger and bigger “越来越大”
“形容词/副词的比较级+and|+形容词/副词的比较级”越来越……
e.g.: Summer is coming. It’s getting hotter and hotter.
“the +形容词/副词的比较级, the +形容词/副词的比较级” 越……就越……
e.g.: The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.
So do I 我也是。
这是一个倒装句，当so 用于句首时，说明前面一句话表示的情况也适合另一个人或物时，句子要倒装。
so+Be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”
“so+主语+ Be动词/助动词/情态动词” 表示赞同前者说的内容。“的确如此”
What do you reckon? 你怎么认为？
相当于What do you think?
1)reckon on 依赖；寄希望于
e.g.: I reckon on your help.
2) reckon…as/to be 以为；认定
e.g.: She is reckon to be the prettiest girl in the village.
（三）语法知识点
一般过去时和一般将来时
概念及构成
一般过去时的被动语态表示过去某一时间的被动动作或过去经常性、习惯性的被动动作，
句中主语就是原主动语态的宾语，动作执行者就是原主动语态的主语。was, were的使用由主语的单复数形式而定，主语为第三人称单数名词、代词或I时用was, 主语为复数名词、代词they或you时用were。如：
This bridge was built in October last year. 这座桥是去年十月份建的。These cakes were made by my mother last night. 这些蛋糕是我妈妈昨天晚上做的。
The girl said she was often beaten by her brother. 女孩说她经常被她兄弟打。
“主语+ was / were + 及物动词的过去分词+ by + 动作执行者”构成，无需说明动作执行者时可省去“by + 动作执行者”。
The room hasn't been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。
The tiger was killed by him.老虎被他杀死了。
当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：
The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
4、表示客观的说明常用"It is + 过去分词."句型。
It is said that Lucy has gone abroad.据说露茜已经出国了。
It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.)大家相信他是个间谍。
其它常见的"It is + 过去分词+ that"句型还有
It is reported that…据报道
It is said that…据说
It is believed that…大家相信
It is suggested that…有人建议