定语从句、同位语从句和强调句

必修二Unit1定语从句、同位语从句和强调句

定语从句和同为语从句的区别

1.从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.

我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。

（同位语从句）

Word came that he had gone abroad.

据说他已经出国了。

（同位语从句）

The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

你找的那位医生在房间里面。

（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy.

（定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子）

His mother did all she could to help him with his study.

他妈妈尽最大努力帮他学习。

（定语从句，代词all作先行词）

2.从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

（同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

（定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news）

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.

我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。

（同位语从句，补充说明promise）

The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.

妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。

（定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise）

3.从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.

我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

（同位语从句）

引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用which来代替。

The order that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.

我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。

（同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，that虽不作成份，但不能省略）

The order (that) we received yesterday was that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.

我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。

（定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）

定语从句与强调句型的区别

强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。

定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。

1. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began. (1995高考卷)

A. while

B. which

C. that

D. since

2. When was it ____ you met him in the library?

A. where

B. that

C. in which

D. which

定语从句中的主谓一致

1.当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。

e.g.

Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs of Hangzhou.

Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.

2. one of+名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数；the (only) one+名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。

e.g.

Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.

3.主语是I，时态是一般现在时，谓语be动词用am.

e.g.

I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free.

练习题参考答案

定语从句与同位语从句的区别练习题

总结:

1.同为或同等; 所属; 修饰先定

2.语法; 不充当任何成分; 充当句子成分

3.抽象名词; 名词; 代词

4.省略; 宾语; 省略

5.whether; whether 5.具体内容; 指代; 充当成分

单选题

1~5: BDABC 6~8: DDB

定语从句与强调句型区别练习题

1~6: ABDDCB

定语从句中的主谓一致

1~5: BBDBB 6~10: DDAAA

(完整版)同位语从句和定语从句练习

同位语从句讲解与练习 1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句，用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。 2.连接词：that, whether, why, who, where, how, when等。引导同位语从句时一般都不省略。if一般不引导同位语从句that, whether不作成分，whether表示“是否” E.g. They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.对你生病这件事，他们很焦虑。 Where did you get the idea that I could not come?你在哪儿听说我不能来？ I have no idea whether he’ll come or not.我不知道他是否来。 连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where,when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句，在句中作成分。 E.g. The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。 We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。 It is a question how he did it.那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。 3.可跟同位语从句的名词或短语 不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以被同位语从句修饰的名词有： belief doubt explanation hope idea news opinion possibility statement thought wish truth fact question promise problem reply report suggestion advice fear warning understanding feeling rumor certainty probability on condition on the understanding with the exception in spite of the fact E.g. Daniel will be allowed to make a trip to China on condition that he gets an A in all his school subjects. 4同位语从句与定语从句的区别 1）that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别 句法功能上 that引导的同位语从句that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。 that引导的定语从句that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。 意义上 同位语从句是被修饰名词的内容。定语从句起限定作用，是定语。 如： The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that不可省) 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news (that) he told me yesterday is true. (定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省)他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。 2）wh-类词引导的两种从句的区别 who, whom, whose, when, where, why 引导定语从句，它们分别指前面先行词所表示的人、物、时间、地点、原因，否则为同位语从句。在同位语从句中，wh-类词表示疑问。

名词性从句强调句与定语从句综合练习

名词性从句、强调句与定语从句综合练习 1. What a pity ______ is ______ you didn’t come to the party. A. there; because B. it; that C. he; when D. that; for 2. －I believe ______ you’ve tried your best and ______ you can come to the top of the class. －Thank you. A. what; / B. / ; / C. what; that D. /; that 3. Please give the note to ______ is in the classroom. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 4.Was it yesterday ______ you received the letter from her? A.when B.which C.on which D.that 5. The question Mike asked was ______ the sports meet would be put off. A. that B. if C. whether D. because 6. Some great people said it was their primary school teachers and their lessons they were fond of influenced their whole lives. A.which;that B.that;which C.which;which D.that;that 7. We need the same machine ______ in your factory. A.which is being used B.as is being used C.that is being used D.as it is being used 8.______ can be seen from his face, he is quite satisfied. A.That B.It C.Which D.As 9. Is ______ he told you really funny? A. that B. is C. what D. this 10. —On the contrary，I think it is the mother，rather than her children，to blame. —I agree with you. A.what is B.that is C.who are D.that are 11.He lent me a lot of maney,______ I couldn’t buy the TV set. A.with it B.for which C.without which D.by which 12.I wonder if it was in the bookstore I bought some books I lost the keys. A.that;that B.where;where C.where;that D.that;where 13. It was in the garden of his old house_____he grew up______he dug up a pot of gold. A.that;that B.where;where C.where;that D.that;where 14.It was in the stone house was built as a school by local villagers the boy finished his primary school. A.which;that B.that;where C.which;which D.that;which 15．—Where did you meet him while in Beijing? —It was in the hotel ______ I stayed． A．that B．which C．when D．where 16.It was on October 15 the Communist Party 17th Congress began，was the biggest political meeting in five years. A.which;that B.what;which C.which;who D.that;which 17．--- Where did you meet the famous actress? --- It was in the supermarket _____ we went shopping last Sunday. A．which B．that C．where D．there

定语从句与同位语从句(全)

教案7.21 定语从句详细讲解 一、定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。 Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2．whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。 Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 明正是我想要见的男孩。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。 The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.

定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析

学法导航 定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析 安丘一中高二英语组李建文 众所周知，定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象：做题时，一遇到从句就往定语从句上想，尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型（主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句）也当作定语从句来理解，结果产生错误。因此，从某个方面来说，解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。 一、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，形式上非常相似，尤其是由that引导时，最难区分。实际上，两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同，与先行词的关系不同。 1. 句法功能不同 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词（称为先行词）或整个句子；同位语从句则相当于一个名词，是先行词所述内容的展开，即说明先行词的具体内容。 定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分；而同位语从句中的引导词that（被称为连接代词）在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分。 定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略，也不能被代替。 例1The news （that / which） we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。 例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。 点评：例1的中that从句是定语从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来限定the news，that在从句中作宾语，可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句，其作用相当于一个名词，本身就是the news的内容，that不能省略。 2. 与先行词关系不同 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词，当that省略时，定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用，对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有：answer， belief， doubt， decision，explanation， fact， hope， idea， information， message， news， order， possibility，problem， promise， question， reason， story， suggestion， thought， truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子，常用that连接而不是用which 引导，that本身不充当句子成分，表示疑问意义的名词（如doubt， question等）后也可用whether， who， what 等疑问词引导。 例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。 例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。 点评：例3中that / which引导的是定语从句，修饰fact，用以限定说明是哪个fact，

同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别

同位语从句与定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句与定语从句很相似,但还就是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1、从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能就是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibilit y,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以就是名词、代词、主句的一部分或就是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed、人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting、我们正在调查的问题不就是她就是否值得信赖的问题(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad、据说她已经出国了(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy、我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room、您找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study、她妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助她的学习(定语从句,代词all作先行词?) 2、从性质上区别 定语从句就是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句就是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明与解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:

定语从句与强调句的区别

定语从句与强调句的区别 1. 强调句型中的it 属于引导词，本身没有意义。如果去掉is／was ... that结构，句子结构仍然完整，句意也完整。定语从句中的it 是指示代词，作主句的主语。 如果去掉it is／was ...that，句子结构不完整，意思也不完整。 It is a question that needs careful consideration. 这是一个需要慎重考虑的问题。（定语从句） It is novels that she enjoys reading. 她喜欢阅读的是小说。（= She enjoys reading novels.）（强调句型） It was at the railway station that we first met 16 years ago. 是在火车站我们16 年前第一次相逢。（强调句型，强调地点状语at therailway station） It was the railway station where we first met 16 years ago. 这是我们16 年前第一次相逢的火车站。（定语从句，where 是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语） 2. 在强调句中被强调的部分还可以是副词、介词短语或从句；在定语从句中先行词一般是名词、代词或名词短语。 It was because she was ill that we decided to return. 正是因为她生病了，我们才决定回来。（强调句型） Was it the place where the party was held？ 这些是举行集会的那个地方吗？（定语从句） 3. 有些强调句型中含有一个定语从句，这往往给理解带来一定的难度。解决方法是仔细分析that 或who在句中的作用。 It was in the lab that was set up last year they finished the experiment. 他们是在去年建造的实验室里完成这个实验的。（that was set up last year是定语从句，that 在从句中作主语，并可被which 替换）It was the students who came from our school that won the first prize in thecontest.是来自我们学校的学生获得了竞赛一等奖。(who came from our school是定语从句。who 在从句中作主语。）

定语从句与强调句和状语从句的区别

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定语从句与同位语从句的区分

定语从句与同位语从句的区分 一、定语从句相当于一个形容词, 它对先行词起修饰、描述和限制的作用。同位语从句相当于名词，属于名词性从句，它是对前面名词内容的具体表述，它们之间的关系是同位关系。试比较： The news that you heard is not true. 你听到的那个消息不是真的。（定语从句） The news that he has died is true. 他已经去世的消息是真的。（同位语从句，说明了news 的具体内容，即he has died） 二、同位语从句常跟在news, fact, promise, idea, word, message, hope, truth, answer, proposal, suggestion, order, information 等少数名词之后，而一般名词之后都可跟定语从句。如： The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman. 采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。 He didn\\'t give the answer why he was late. 他没回答他为什么迟到这个问题。（同位语从句） Then rose a question where we should go. 于是产生了一个问题：我们该到哪里去？（同位语从句） 三、that 在定语从句中充当某一成分, 是关系代词; that 在同位语从句中不作任何成分，仅把主句与从句连接在一起，是从属连词。如： The fact that just now you talked about interests me. 你们刚才谈论的事情使我感兴趣。（定语从句） The fact that he failed in the exam made his parents very angry. 他考试没及格这个事实使他的父母很生气。（同位语从句） 四、when, where, why, how, who, whom, which 如果引导定语从句, 它们分别指前面先行词所表示的时间、地点、原因、方式、人和物，否则引导的就是同位语从句。试比较：

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2017年高考英语语法：强调句型和定语从句的区别

2017年高考英语语法：强调句型和定 语从句的区别 “Where did you find the professor who made the speech yesterday?”“It was in the hall ______ the students often have a meeting.” A. where B. which C. that D. when 很可能误选C，认为这是一个强调句，强调地点状语 in the hall。 假若选C，即有 It was in the hall that the students often have a meeting，该句的意思是“学生们通常是在大厅开会”，单独看这一句，无论是其意思还是其语法均未错，但若将其与上文联系起来看，则不通，因为上文的意思是“你是在哪儿找到昨天作报告的那位教授的?”假若将答句改为 It was in the hall that I found the professor，则完全可以。 其实，此题的答案是A，where the students often have a meeting 为 定语从句，用以修饰其前的名词 the hall，句意为“是在学生们经常开会的那个大厅(找到教授的)”，这样语意就通顺了。 定语从句与强调句句式结构用法比较： 由it引导的句型结构，常可构成强调句或定语从句，两者极易混淆。一般来说，如果将it is/was...与连接词去掉，句子仍然正确，就为强调句型。这时，就选用that连接词;否则，就为定语从句，其关系词的选择，应根据先行词与从句的关系而定。 例1. (1) It is on the island that they spent 10 years. (2) It is the island where (on which) they spent 10 years. 比较：(1)该句为强调句。表示地点的名词the island前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years on the island.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式 (注：强调地点状语时，不可用where连接)。 (2)该句为定语从句。表示地点的名词the island前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的地点状语。如果将it is去掉：They spent 10 years the island.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词where或on which 构成定语从句结构。 例2. (1) It is on the date that she went abroad. (2) It is the date when (on which) she went abroad. 比较：(1)分析句子结构可知，在表示时间的名词the date 前有介词与其连用，说明它是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉：She went abroad on the date.它的意义仍然完整。故应选用连接词that构成强调句式(强调时间状语时，不可用when连接)。 (2) 分析句子结构可知，在表示时间的名词the date 前没有介词与其连用，说明它不是一个完整的时间状语。如果将it is去掉：She went abroad the date.它的意义不完整。故应选用关系副词when或on which 构成定语从

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同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别 同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面: 1. 从词类上区别 同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibilit y,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。如: The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性(同位语从句) We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题(同位语从句) Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了(同位语从句) Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴(定语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面(定语从句) His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习(定语从句,代词all作先行词?) 2. 从性质上区别 定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴如:

强调句与定语从句的区别

II 强调句与定语从句的区别 【原题复现】 27.lt was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village ________ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner. A. where B . that C . when D. which 【语法补漏】 强调句与定语从句的区别是：在定语从句中一般使用关系代词 that, which , who, whom 或关系副词 when, where , why 等，先行词仲心词)一般是名词或名词短语，而在强调句中，可以用副词、介词短语或从句来作 被强调的内容。；而在强调句中则主要使用 that ，who ； 有时强调句在形式上和定语从句、状语从句很相似。我们除了从意思上进行区分外，还能根据强调句的结 构特点来进行判断，如能去掉 It was...that...后，句子仍然通顺，就是强调句。这一点很重要 . 试比较：① It is a question that needs careful consideration. ② It is novels that Miss Williams enjoys reading. 简析：句①是含有定语从句的句子，在此 It 是指示代词，It is a question 是个"主语+系动词+表语"结构， 如果去掉It is...that,句子结构就不完整了。句②是强调句，在此 It 是个引导词，没有具体含义，如果去掉 It is...that ，把语序稍加调整，句子结构仍然是完整的。 区分定语从句与强调句 区分定语从句和强调句可用还原法， 因为强调句的基本句式为 It is (was)+被强调部 分+that+句子的其余部分，因此只需将 it is(was)后面的部分还原到原来的句子中，如果成份完整，则为强 调句，如果成份不完整则为定语从句。 1) It is this street _____ I happened to meet him. It is in this street _______ I happened to meet him. [] A . that B . where C . which D . from which 首先，我们看到主句部分为 it is …结构，可能是定语从句可能是强调句，利用还原法，将两部分分别还原， 得出 1. I happened to meet him this street. 2. I happened to meet him in this street. 1 句子成份不完整，为定语 从句，用where ； 2句子成份完整为强调句，选 that 。 2) Where did you meet him? It is in the cinema ______ I met him. It is in the cinema _______ door faces west. [] A . that B . where C . whose D . which 仍然采取还原法， 得出1 . I met him in the cinema. 2 . Door faces west in the cinema. 1句子成份完整， 确定为 强调句，用that 选A ；2明显不是一个意思表达清楚的句子， 其实本句是一个省略句，全句为：It is in the cinema ______ door faces west that I met him.强调句部分已经省略，而句中 door faces west 是一个定语从句，表示 门朝西开的电影院，因此选 C ，whose 在做题中我们经常可以看见带有定语从句的强调句，这时仍可用还 原法加以辨别： ⑴ Was it in the cinema ______ Smith met you ______ you saw the film? A . that, that B . whom, then C . where, that D . which, where (C) (2) Where did you found XingMing? It was in the office ______ he worked. 【高考题互动】 20) It was in New Zeala nd B. how Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. D. whe n 22)It was not un til mid ni ght they reached the camp 02、(08天津卷' childhood. 08)It was along the Mississippi River Mark Twain spe nt much of his A. how B. which C. that D. where A . this B . which C . where (C) 01、(08全国卷 A. that C. which 03、(08重庆卷'