高考冲刺猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧
高考冲刺：猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧
题型介绍
词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。
常见提问方式
The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______.
What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for?
The word/phrase “________” most nearly means ______.
The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______.
The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______.
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”?
What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …?
The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________.
正确选项的特点
1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。
2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。
干扰项的特点
1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。
2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。
解题思路
1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。
2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、（表示上下文之间的逻辑关系）关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
特别提示：
1.不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思。
2.不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。■
解题技巧
一构词法
1派生词：通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。
Napoleon, as a character in T olstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”.
undersized=under (低于) +size (尺寸、大小)，通过构词法可知以-ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged 三只脚的)，再结合后面的short legs (短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身材
矮小的”。
Overwork may cause diseases.
前缀over-的意思是“过分的，过量的”，故overwork 的意思应为“工作过度”。
There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.
satisfied 的意思是“满意的”，前缀dis-的意思是“不”，故dissatisfied的意思应该是“不满意的”。
2 合成法：指由两个或两个以上单词组合成一个新词。通常情况下，合成词的词义为组成词的词义之和。
He never wore ready-made clothes.
ready-made由ready和made加连字符合成一个词，该词在clothes前，可知其词性为形容词，结合各个词的本意：ready“准备就绪的”，made“做好的”，可知句中的ready-made是“现成的、做好的”的意思。
3 转化法：指单词的词形不改变，只通过词性的改变来使单词具有新的意义和作用。而这种单词叫转化词。
Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.
say一般作动词，意为“说、表达”。观察句子，say前面带a，表示say在此转化为名词，意为“发言权、决定权”。
二语境法
1利用释义词(句)、举例或同位语：
同位语是对所修饰词语的进一步说明和解释，若对所修饰的词语不熟悉，可通过其后同位语的“说明或解释”来确定其词义。表示释义或举例词语的信息词有for example, for instance, such as, in other words, that is to say, namely, or, also known as, to put it differently, refer to等，符号则有e.g. (举例) 、i.e. (也就是) 。
In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.
利用生词后面的同位语an endangered wild cat，可知ocelot是一种猫。
Yes, that is the Tai Mahal, one of the most famous buildings in the world. (全国卷)
由后面的同位语的解释我们清楚地知道Tai Mahal就是一座著名的建筑物。
A linguist is a person who studies the science of language.
Linguist就是一个“研究语言科学的人”，即“语言学家”。
They described him as a loon, or a mad man.
句中的or是对loon的解释，即loon与a mad man同义，即表示“疯子”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.
句中的that is表明it will break easily是对brittle的解释，从而猜测出其意为“易碎的”。“脆
的”
In the ancient city of Rome, we visited every mansion, battle site, theatre and other public halls.
因为mansion与“战场遗址”、“剧院”、“其它公众厅”并列，所以mansion也应该属于建筑物或场所。
2利用对比、类比或转折词
表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有but, yet, however, while, unlike, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, despite, in spite of, instead, rather than, though等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号。
Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it.
由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推测其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。
He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated.
句中的but表明deteriorate应该与get better的意思相反，即“恶化”。
In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
上文说两个经济上的极端，那么下文中penury应与great wealth相对，即表示“贫困”。Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
while表对比，意为“而”，所以loquacious应是silent的反义，即“多嘴的”。
If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.
既然画圈表示同意，画叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。
3利用因果关系
表示因果关系的信息词有because, as, since, for, thus, so, so\such… that, hence, therefore, as a result等。
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，那么immense 的意思应该是“很大”了。
Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
既然“她在选美比赛中获胜”，说明她“很美丽”(gor geous)。
4利用上下文(结合生活常识、背景知识）
猜测词义题在考查熟词新义以及代词指代内容时往往需要综合考虑上下文，有时也需要结合常识和背景知识。
It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.
根据常识，Bill Gates 为世界首富，所以affluent 可能是“富有的”。
As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.
根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他应因“发明”而闻名于世。
The snake slithered through the grass.
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither的词义为“爬行”。
真题再现
1.（课程标准第54题）What does “hands-on-science” mean in the last paragraph?
A. Science games designed by kids.
B. Learning science by doing things.
C. A show of kids’ science work.
D. Reading science books.
Tryhands-on-science. Visit one of the many hands-on-science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike.
2.（课程标准第61题）What do the words “the follower” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A bee.
B. A bird.
C. A honey seeker.
D. A beekeeper.
Once it has their attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.
3.（全国II卷第46题）What does the word “It” underlined in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. The boat.
B. The wind.
C. The sail.
D. The angle.
In this case, you must keep the sail half way outside the boat; it should be at a 45 degree angle to the boat. It needs to be out enough to catch the wind, but it shouldn’t flap (摆动).
4.（全国II卷第54题）What do the words “a replica” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A painting of the skeleton (骨骼).
B. A photograph of Lucy.
C. A copy of the skeleton.
D. A written record of Lucy.
The Lucy on exhibition at the EthiopianNationalMuseum in the capital, Addis Ababa, is a replica whilethe real remains are usually locked in a secret storeroom.■
5. At first Kate thought the Romanian(罗马尼亚人）girl could not speak and understand English. Nadia would not reply to anything Kate said…. Kate could not figure out why the school had put Nadia in a class where she could not understand what people were saying.
Nadia’s voice was a whisper（轻声）. “I understand English. I will learn.” Nadia’s English was perfect.
Kate was perplexed. She couldn’t understand why Nadia did not like to speak.
The underlined word “perplexed” probably means _______.
A. puzzled
B. angry
C. shocked
D. serious
6. Throughout the history of the arts, the nature of creativity has remained constant to artists. No
matter what objects they select, artists are to bring forth new forces and forms that cause change-to find poetry where no one has ever seen or experienced it before.
The underlined word “poetry’’ most probably means ______.
A.an object for artistic creation
B. a collection of poems
C. an unusual quality
D.a natural scene
7. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths.（11 湖南卷）
2.The underlined word “divergence” in paragraph 4 means “________.”
A. evolution
B. exhibition
C. separation
D. examination
8. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee...
The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “________”.
A. alcohol
B. absorption
C. blood
D. process
9. People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight.A recent research has found a new recipe of success.According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positiverelationship between their cat and dog.
The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. early
B. sweetly
C. quickly
D. smoothly
10. There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery?
11. Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).
12. We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheetsto the right or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.
The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _____________.
A. formed an idea for
B. made an outline for
C. made some space for
D. chose some colors for
13. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can
have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to .
A. avoid
B. accept
C. improve
D. consider
14. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a dog came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then w agged its tail madly and went over to him. Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are——trying to lick me to death.”
Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic”?
A. Messy and untidy.
B. Rich and expensive.
C. Comfortable and calming.
D. Unusual and foreign
15. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big“to do”over the younger one because she is the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.
The underlined expre ssion make a big“to do” over means ______.
A. show much concern about
B. have a special effect on
C. list jobs to be done for
D. do good things for
16. I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do.Over the next six years, just trying to earn an income, I was treading water. Because I tried journalism,but I didn’t think I was any good,then finance, which I hated. Finally, I got a job as a rights assistant at a famous publisher. I loved working with books,although the job that I did was dull.
What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.I was waiting for good fortune.
B.I was trying to find an admirable job.
C.I was being aimless about a suitable job.
D. I was doing several jobs for more pay at a time
17. Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.
The words “hooked on teaching” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean ___________.
A. attracted to teaching
B. tired of teaching
C. satisfied with teaching
D.unhappy about teaching
18. One morning, however, I found its bed empty. My doll was gone! I cried for it. Mum wept
andtold me that the poor little thing had been sent to a hospital. It had a fever. For several days,I heard Mum and Dad whispering such words as“hopeless”, “pitiful”, and“dying”,which soundedominous.
What does th e underlined word“ominous”in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A.Impossible.
B.Boring
C.Difficult
D.Fearful
答案与解析
1. B。通过关键词“museum”，“great fun”，“play-lands”判断这是孩子们在博物馆里可以玩的、开心的、跟科学有关的一个地方。
2. C。根据上文陈述，it指代蜜蜂；“it ....for the curious animal or person...”，那么the follower 就是指honey seeker（找蜜者）
3. C。要找到it指代的内容，需要往前查找，上一句依旧出现it，指代同一内容，在往上一句推，可以看到“you must keep the sail”，由此可知it指代the sail。
4. C。由exhibition推断在博物馆里，由反义线索“while the real remains...”可知真品并不在博物馆了，推断a replica指复制品。
5. 根据后面的“couldn’t understand why...”可以推断perplex的含义为“糊涂的，不清楚的”。
6. 根据poetry后面所带的定语从句“where no one has ever seen or experienced it before”推断，意为“不同寻常的品质”。
7. C。上文提到“distinct species（有区别的物种）”，下文紧接the divergence，可推断意为“产生区别”。
8. D。“speed it up”中it指代上一句的“a very slow process”中的process。
9. B。根据上文，“人们担忧猫狗会打架”，然而通过“一个成功的秘方”可以让猫狗“get along swimmingly”，可以推断swimmingly意为“相处好”，下文的“positive relationship”再次确认推断。
10. 定语从句that is somewhat dry and feathery(有点儿干、像羽毛似的) 表明fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鹅毛大雪”。
11. 同位语a birth illness that damages the spine表明了spina bifida是一种病，一种对脊骨有损害的病。
12. A。上下句是Some…Other…句式，while we conjured up our designs的对应部分是while deep in thought，可见conjured up的意思是“思考，想象”。
13. C。上文提到“have no power to...”,“however...”“stop.... and start...”，根据逻辑关系可知remedythe situation意为“改善状况”。
14. D。根据上下文的对比关系找到答案：上句为“normal outside”，用but表达转折，那么“inside”应该是“normal”的反义词。
15. A。根据because she is the one who seems more easily hurt, she指代the younger one。因为“容易受伤”，所以“应更多关注”。
16. C。根据前后文“but no sense of what I wanted to do”“just trying to earn an income. I tried journalism,...then finance, which I hat ed. Finally, I got a job…”可知作者对于找怎样的一份适合自己的工作这件事漫无目的。
17. A。become/get hooked on sth为非考纲词汇表上词组，其词义可以通过下文的teaching as... and changed his major from medicine to education.来获得。
18. D。划线词前面提到“hopeless”,“pitiful”，and “dying”，并做定语从句的主语，可猜测D选项的词义与划线词一致。因此，正确答案为D选项。
词义猜测题的解题技巧
龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d22650333.html, 词义猜测题的解题技巧 作者：杨富章 来源：《高中生学习·高三文综版》2015年第04期 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见题型。通过对近几年湖北卷高考题的阅读理解题的统计，我们会发现2014年词义猜测题在阅读理解部分有1题，2013年考了1道，而2012年湖北卷考了4道。虽然近两年直接考查这种能力的题目不多，但是这种不借助词典，而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是同学们在考试时必须具备的，它能让我们更好地理解上下文，其实这也是阅读理解题对这种能力的间接考查。 词义猜测题的常见考点有： 1. 直接猜测某个词的含义； 2. 判断文中的某个代词指代的对象； 3. 对文中的多义词或短语进行精确定义； 4. 对英语中特有的表达、格言、谚语等进行直接或解释性的描述。 常见设问形式有： 1.The word “ABC”in the passage probably means . 2.The underlined word “ABC” in the passage ref ers to/means . 3.Which of the following is closest/nearest in meaning to the underlined word in the second paragraph？ 4.The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means . 5.The word “it/them” in the first paragraph refers to . 词义猜测题的解题技巧我们可以归纳为8条： 1.根据近义词关系推测。 作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另一个更难的词，以使它的意思更清楚。我们可以通过寻找近义词来推测生词的意思：一要看由and或or连接的同义词词组；二要看在进 一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。近义词往往出现在同一句或者同一段落中。如：
阅读理解之猜测词义
阅读理解之猜测词义 一. 解释: eg：It will be very hard but also very brittle --- that is, it will break easily. eg：Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lung and his heartbeats. ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- working from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 二. 上下文: 1. e.g. Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. e.g. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very abstemious . ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 2. e.g. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, but much shorter. e.g. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. e.g. Mr Smith loves to talk, and his wife is similarly loquacious. eg：American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late. ◎One of symptoms caused by this kind of illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 3. e.g. Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. e.g. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 三. 构词法: 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners 猜一猜: minicar postwar supermarket preview preschool recall irrelative nonstandard disloyal unlock co-worker overactive vice president e.g. We must safeguard the world peace. A protect B care C prevent D to keep safe with guns e.g. Don’t listen to his nonsense. A having no meaning B meaningless words C humorous speech D not making sense 四. 举例子: e.g. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat. e.g. I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him.
(完整版)词义猜测题
阅读理解之词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见设题方式：： 1. The word "…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by __________ 2. The word "…” is most likely to mea n _________ . 3. What do you thi nk the expressi on "…” sta nds for? 4. The un derl ined word "…” means. _____ ..... 解题方法 1. Definition 定义法 2. Con trast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Con text上下文 8. Com mon Se nse 普通常识 1. Defin iti on 定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。______ a. It will be very hard but very brittle —that is , it will break easily.（） b. The herdsma n , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yua n a year._（） 2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比______ 的词有but、while、however、otherwise 等。 a. Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.（） b. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 Clea ning up waterways is an eno rmous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the gover nment may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have bee n polluted.（） 4. Cause Effect因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great n eed for food and cloth ing. b. That museum is so imme nse that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （） 5. Example 例举法：禾U用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instanee, for example, such as 等。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instanee, washing mach in es, refrigerators and color televisi ons.（） 6. Word Formation 构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可 以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super-（超）mini-（极小的，微小的） micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非） non-（不，非）-able （能…的）-less （不，无）-wards （向） Can you guess the right meanin gs? superma n microwave nonn atural mispr onounce homeless non smoker rebuild eastwards Eg. I ' m goitogbuy a microbus.（
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义
高考英语阅读策略之猜测词义 猜测词义是英语阅读的一种重要技巧，也是高考中常考的题型，是考查学生对文章上下文语境理解及词汇量等多方面综合能力。 词义猜测题常见的考查形式： 1) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the underlined word mean? 2) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by _________. 3) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______. 4) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase”…”? 5) By saying “…” in the first (second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. 6) What do you think the expression “…” stand for? 考查方向： 1.熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义； 2.复合词的含义的理解，对于衍生词汇的理解能力； 3.根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力； 4.根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力； 5.对谚语、俗语、俚语含义的理解能力； 6.通过近义词、反义词和常识理解词汇的能力。 Example 1 1. Anthropology is the scientific study of mankind. 词义：_________ 2.The term jam constitutes a state in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation. 词义：_________ 3.It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily. 词义：_________ 4.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 词义:_________ Skill 1：通过定义或解释来猜测 定义常由定语从句或be called，be known as, be defined as，constitute，refer to等词汇或破折号，冒号，括号来引导。解释常由or, that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出一些具体的解释性的短语。 Practice 1 “Getting the cold shoulder”means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder–a “cold”shoulder. The expression “getting the cold shoulder”means ____. A.being treated rudely by paying no attention to you B. greeting you friendly C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meat Example 2 1.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: The World of English, English Square, Crazy English , English Learning. 词义：_________ 2. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat, the possibility of getting lost…词义：________ 3.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions. 词义：________ Skill 2：通过举例猜测 常用such as, like,for example, for instance等引出例子。 Practice 2: I left university with a good degree in English Literature,but no sense of what I wanted to do. Over the next six years, I was treading water, just trying to earn an
阅读理解专题③——猜测词义(教师版)
（教师版） 一、目标预设 通过本节课学习，提高学生阅读理解猜测词义的解题能力。 二、知识梳理 （一）猜测词义常用的十种方法 在阅读中，我们会经常遇到一些生词，需要根据上下文猜测它们的词义。此类问题考查考生紧扣原文，根据上下文语境判断单词、短语或短句意义的能力。 1．根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。 例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat and breathing. 析：同位语意思是，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。 2．根据对比关系猜测词义 当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead，in contrast等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。 例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest. 析：in contrast对比之下，supercilious与modest意义相对应，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“傲慢的；目空一切的”。 3．根据因果关系猜测词义 表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, so…that等。 例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time. 析：thus是信息词，因为我对工作过分注意，因此失去了许多学习的时间，这样就得知sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。 4．根据同等关系猜测词义 表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, or rather, to be more exact, namely, that’s to say, in other words，that is等。 例：His secret for a living and healthy life has been well publicized---no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 析：由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精”。 5．根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。 例：In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role. 析：句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。 6．根据标点符号猜测词义 这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。 例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. 析：根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”，即“期刊”。
词义猜测题解题技巧
高考阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧 猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。 一、题型特点与命题方式 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 【命题趋势】 1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。 2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。 3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用―逻辑关系梳理法‖、―递向寻踪法‖理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。 【设问形式】 The underlined word ―…‖ in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______. By saying ―…‖ in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______. In paragraph …, ―…‖ can be replaced by ―______‖. The meaning of ―…‖ in paragraph… is related to ______. Which of the follow ing has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)? The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____. 二、解题思路与应试技巧 做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。 下面结合近几年高考试题，对猜词悟义的技巧加以解读。 1、根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如： Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即―退火‖。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是―脆‖的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中looks after sheep 就表明了herdsman的词义为―牧羊人‖。 【考例】 （2014福建卷，E篇）73. The underlined words ―tipping points‖ most probably refer to ―_______‖. A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 【解析】C。请看原文：In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧(技巧总结)
猜测词义题型阅读解题技巧 题型介绍 高考大纲要求考生能“根据上下文推断生词的词义”。词义猜测题一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见提问方式 The underlined word “______”in the passage means ______. What does “_______” in the third paragraph stand for? The word/phrase “________” most near ly means ______. The word/phrase “______” could best be replaced by ______. The word/phrase “______” in Line…, Para …refers to______. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “________”? What’s the meaning of “______” in Line …, Para …? The underlined sentence in the first /second... paragraph probably means that ________. 正确选项的特点 1. 对于超纲词汇的正确解释，如果将它代入回原文，则符合逻辑，使文章通顺易懂。 2. 对于未超纲的词或短语的正确解释，往往是熟词新义，是根据上下文推测的一个特定场合的含义。 干扰项的特点 1.字面意思：对于熟悉的词，干扰项会列出它的字面意思或常规含义。 2.无关意思：除了字面意思，出题人还常用凭空杜撰出来的其它意思来干扰考生，但只要将此意思带入原文，不符合逻辑就能够排除。 解题思路 1. 返回原文，结合上下文，理解该词的意思。 2. 搜索时应注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句、（表示上下文之间的逻辑关系）关键提示词及前后缀，特别注意找出其中和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。 特别提示： 1.不管这个词多超纲,根据上下文都能得出其意思。 2.不管这个词多熟悉,都要通过上下文得出其在特定场合的意思。 解题技巧 构词法 派生词：通过分析派生词，猜测划线单词的意思。 Napoleon, as a character in Tolstoy’s War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands”. Nor does he “sit well or firmly on the horse”. He is said to be “undersized” with “short legs” and a “round stomach”. undersized=under (低于) +size (尺寸、大小)，通过构词法可知以-ed结尾的派生词可作形容词(如three-legged 三只脚的)，再结合后面的short legs (短腿)，可猜出undersized意为“身
阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导
二轮复习阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测解题指导 命题方式的特点 词义猜测是英语阅读的重要技巧，词义猜测题也是高考中常考的题型。考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索(各种已知信息)确定词义。要求猜测词义的词一般为实词(动词、名词、形容词等)。另外，这类题也包括对短语和句意的猜测。 考试中经常考查的词汇有以下几种： (1)在特殊语言环境中具有特殊意义的常用词。 (2)专业化程度较高的词。 (3)生僻词。 (4)常用代词。 命题方式的考法 1.猜测单词或短语意义------巧用线索猜词义。 （1）“定义同位”猜词义，主要包括定义释词和同位/举例 （2）“逻辑关系”猜词义 （3）根据构词法猜词义 2.考查代词的指代意义---------“就近原则”猜词义 3.句意猜测类-------“意义吻合”定句意 常见设问形式 (1)The underlined phrase “___” in the second paragraph could be replaced by ______. (2)The underlined word “________” in the first par agraph probably means________. (3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph? (4)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “________”？ (5)What does the underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 refer to? (6)What do you think the expression “________” stands for? (7)Which of the following words can best take the place of the underlined word “______” in Paragraph 3? (8)According to the passage, the underlined word “________” is known as ________. 选项特点 (1)正确选项的特点 ①相应词语的同义词语。 ②对相应语句的解释、复述或概括。 (2)干扰项的特点 ①对原相应表达方式的不正确改写。
阅读理解---词义猜测 (公开课)
阅读理解―词义猜测题 Step 1: Warming-up---guess the meanings of the underlined words. 1. The company?s profits are decreasing year by year due to mismanagement. 2. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. 3. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 4. It will be very hard but also very brittle —that is, it will break easily. Step2: 词义猜测题基本方法：___________; __________ ●构词法 1. Valentine?s Day is a time of happiness for lovers. Boys like to give girls flowers as presents. That day, he came to see me with a forget-me-not in his hands. 2. When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 构词法通常考虑_________和_____________ ●语境法常利用以下技巧 利用同义（向）关系：and，also，or（或者）… 3. Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. ?Which of the following words can replace “detrimental”? ____ A. helpful B. useful C. harmful D. meaningful 4. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits die hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. ?What does the underlined phrase “die hard” probably mean? ____
阅读理解猜测词义练习案
高考阅读理解之： 猜测词义练习案 Excise1 1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 3.They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 4. We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week. 5. Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? 6.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 7.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 8. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. Excise2 A Plagiarism is one of the most serious problems in schools and colleges. It has occurred as lon g as there have been teachers and students, but the recent growth of the Intenet has made it much worse. Recent studies show 30% of all students may be plagiarizing on every written homework th ey’ve done. What is plagiarism? It is using others' ideas and words without clearly mentioning wh ere the information is from. Q: The word "plagiarism" means ________. A. cheating in the exams B. putting others' words in quotations C. rewriting others' articles D. stealing others' ideas or words B Both warm-blooded and cold-blooded desert animals have ways to escape the desert heat. Wa rm-blooded desert animals, such as rats and mice, rest during the day, often staying in cool underg round burrows. At night they search for food. Animals that are out during the day, such as cold-blo oded lizards and snakes, are active only for short periods. As their body tem- perature rises, these r eptiles move into the shade in order to cool down. In the early evening, when the sun grows weake r, the reptiles become more active and begin their search for food again. Getting enough wate r to survive is a major problem for all desert animals. Q: The underlined word "burrows" in the first paragraph can be replaced by _______ A. holes B. caves C. rooms D. openings C Fishermen later killed and sold the shark after oceanographers confirmed that it was a whale s hark and therefore not under State protection. Q: The underlined word "confirmed "probably means ________. A. said B. believed C. thought D. made sure