全国10月高等教育自学考试综合英语一试题资料讲解

全国2012年10月高等教育自学考试综合

英语一试题

全国2012年10月高等教育自学考试综合英语(一)试

题

课程代码：00794

请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分

注意事项：

1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。I．语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选

出一个能

填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。（本大题共20小题，每小

题1分，共20分）

1. There has been ____growth in industry this year than there should have been.

A. much

B. most

C. little

D. less

2. When you expect too much of others, you are ____ to become disappointed.

A. timely

B. probable

C. likely

D. possible

3. It is necessary ____ technical training for all the new employees.

A. to provide

B. to be provided

C. providing

D. being provided

4. The mass media keep us well ____ of what is happening in the world which

would otherwise remain unknown.

A. concerned

B. exposed

C. acquainted

D. informed

5. She____ blame other people for her troubles than admit her own mistakes.

A. would rather

B. had better

C. prefers to

D. has to

6. Problems may come up when people have no ____of the law.

A. message

B. knowledge

C. information

D. intelligence

7. You have little chance of getting the job____ you have professional training.

A. unless

B. as if

C. in case

D. so that

8. The Eight O’clock News will have a(n)____ report of the important meeting in Paris.

A. live

B. alive

C. living

D. lively

9. Mary ran ____ one of her college teachers in the supermarket yesterday.

A. out

B. across

C. over

D. by

10. To everyone’s disappointment, his plan faile d ____ all his efforts.

A. in spite of

B. as a result of

C. for the sake of

D. in the interest of

11. She lost her job, and ____ made matters worse was that her husband became ill and bedridden.

A. it

B. that

C. what

D. which

12. His lecture helped us better understand the ____ of religion on society.

A. contribution

B. influence

C. connection

D. separation

13. The adult education center didn’t offer any art courses, and ____.

A. so did the museum

B. the museum did so

C. neither did the museum

D. the museum did neither

14. They discussed the problem several times, but came to no ____.

A. ending

B. way

C. judgment

D. conclusion

15. The international language known as Esperanto ____ to be simple and logical, with a flexible vocabulary and an easy grammar.

A. e designed

B. was designed

C. designed

D. to be designed

16. Some critics say that only wealthy people will ____ from the tax cuts.

A. benefit

B. obtain

C. earn

D. acquire

1 7. He looked so tired this morning. He____ late last night.

A. must stay up

B. must have stayed up

C. was staying up

D. has stayed up

18.____ peace finally came in 1945 was he able to go back to work.

A. It was when

B. It was not until

C. Only when

D. Only if

19. She told him how she managed to bring him food, without which he____ of hunger.

A. died

B. had died

C. was dying

D. would have died

20. It is reported that the police have finally ___ in catching the murderer.

AL. won B. completed

C. managed

D. succeeded

II．阅读理解。认真阅读下面两篇短文，根据短文内容从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。（本大题共1 0小题，每小题2 分，共20分）

Passage 1

People who do not get enough vitamin A in their food may develop night blindness. But in the developing countries, especially the countries in Africa, a lack of vitamin A causes much more serious harm to children. The World Health Organization reports that the lack of vitamin A leads to as many as two hundred fifty thousand child deaths every year.

Sweet potatoes with orange flesh have high levels of vitamin A. Experts say orange sweet potatoes could help solve the lack of vitamin A in Africa. But, first, more people there will need to be persuaded to eat them. Jan Low with the International Potato Center, a research organization, says the sweet potato needs a better image in Africa. She s aid, “We do have an image problem with sweet potato in general in Africa. Most of the local people refuse to grow sweet potatoes. It is seen as a food of the poor.” Ms. Low explains that sweet potatoes are mainly grown by poor

women to feed their families in case other crops fail.

The sweet potatoes commonly grown in Africa have white or yellow flesh. But, more importantly, they are low in vitamin A. Thus, Jan Low and her partners managed to tell the African people that orange sweet potatoes had high levels of vitamin A. They made use of the radio to spread the message that orange sweet potato is good to human health. They said that orange sweet potatoes were able to help you fight diseases, make you strong, clear your skin and make you look healthy.

In areas without radio, they spread the message through singing, dancing and storytelling in local theaters. And everywhere they went, they wore orange T-shirts and hats. They even drove orange vehicles. Jan Low says the color of the tuber (植物

的块茎) made it easier to gain public attention.

Dan Gustafson works for the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. He pays attention to efforts in the past to increase the popularity of other nutritious crops. He says most of these efforts failed because organizers did not consider what people wanted to eat. But Mr. Gustafson sees a better chance for the efforts to increase the popularity of the orange sweet potato in Africa. For one thing, except for the color, the orange sweet potato is similar to what people already use. He is confident about the popularity of orange sweet potato in Africa and the improvement of people’s health condition there.

21. There is an image problem with sweet potatoes in Africa because ____.

A. they are very ugly in shape and color

B. they are difficult to grow

C. they are regarded as the food of the poor

D. they do great harm to the land

22. What is true of sweet potatoes in Africa?

A. The white ones had high levels of vitamin A.

B. The commonly-grown ones are low in vitamin A.

C. The yellow ones can make you strong and clear your skin.

D. The orange ones cannot help overcome the lack of vitamin A.

23. In areas without radio, what did Jan Low and her partners do to draw public attention to sweet potatoes?

A. They sang and danced with local people.

B. They drove vehicles in different colors.

C. They dressed themselves in orange.

D. They gave lectures in theaters.

24. According to Mr. Gustafson, some efforts to introduce other nutritious crops to Africa failed because ____ .

A. people do n’t like them

B. people cannot afford them

C. they don’t taste delicious

D. they have strange colors

25. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The different functions of vitamin A.

B. The introduction of nutritious crops to Africa.

C. The history of growing potatoes in Africa.

D. The most popular food in Africa.

Passage 2

“Sleep is a behavior and, like all behaviors, it differs greatly among people,” explains Dr. Carol Landis. “The greatest differences occur in the timing of sleep and the amount of sleep-the factors which are most important in determining whether you will wake up feeling rested.”

Research has found that people sleep better at different times during their daily cycle. For example, some people function better if they go to sleep early and rise early, while others feel more rested if they stay up late and sleep in. “Many people don’t pay attention to the timing of their sleep,” Landis notes. “Yet delaying or altering the time you go to sleep can have a major impact on how you feel when you wake up.”

The amount of sleep the average adult needs each night also differs. Some people may be fine with six hours of sleep, while others need up to nine hours per night. Landis points out that those who follow a regular sleep schedule tend to function better on fewer hours, but she adds that most adults need at least six hours of sleep each night.

“A person’s sleeping patterns aren’t set in concrete,” Landis stresses. Gradua lly altering the timing of sleep can help change sleep patterns. An “evening person” who needs to get to work early in the morning can try upping the time they go to bed by 30 minutes every few days. Within a few weeks, this slow adjustment will help “reset” the body clock.

In addition to maintaining a regular daily sleep schedule, Landis offers the following tips on having a good sleep:

? Avoid cigarettes, caffeinated (含咖啡因的) drinks and food such as chocolate in the late afternoon and evening.

? Avoid alcohol in the evening. This can cause a person to wake up a few hours into sleep and interrupt sleep patterns.

? Finish exercising at least two hours before going to sleep. Exercise increases body temperatures and makes it more difficult to easily fall asleep.

?Don’t sleep in a warm environment. A drop in a person’s body temperature is important at the beginning of deep sleep. People who sleep in a well-heated room or use an electric blanket may not sleep as soundly.

? Catch up on missed sleep when you have the opportunity. To reduce your sleep debt, try taking a 30-minute nap (小睡) during the day before 4 p.m. or sleeping in on weekends when you have a chance.

26. Which of the following is true according to Dr. Landis?

A. People with longer sleep feel more rested.

B. People tend to have similar sleep schedules.

C. Changing sleep habits won’t affect people’s body clock.

D. Changing the time for sleep can affect the quality of people’s sleep.

27. The underline d phrase “set in concrete” (Line 1, Paragraph 4) probably means

____.

A. unchangeable

B. unacceptable

C. recognizable

D. reasonable

28. What does Dr. Landis think may result in a wake-up during night sleep?

A. Taking chocolates before bedtime.

B. Drinking alcohol before sleep.

C. Exercising before going to bed.

D. Using electric blankets.

29. According to the passage, what may keep people from having a good sleep?

A. Smoking in te evening.

B. Sleeping in a cool room.

C. Taking a nap during the day.

D. Sleeping in on weekends.

30. This passage is mainly about ____.

A. how to change one’s sleep pattern

B. what to do before going to bed

C. what to do with sleeplessness

D. how to get a good night’s sleep

非选择题部分

注意事项：

用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。III．用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音。

（本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共1 0分）（注意：使用新式或老式音标均可）

31. project 32. oxygen

33. avenue 34. various

35. dishonest 36. productive

3 7. wild 38. surely

39. paragraph 40. courtesy

41. creature 42. wretched

43. route 44. attach

45. suspicious 46. behave

47. pharmacy 48. scholar

49. fascinate 50. enjoy

IV．完形填空。（本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共1 0分）

A．从下列单词中选择恰当的词填空，每个词只能用一次。

United States. However, it is a task 51 is carried out by local governments rather than the federal government. Help from Washington 52 comes in the form of money and research. There are no national educational standards or regulations, 53 . there are in many other countries. Local areas - states or cities or counties - have kept control 54 their own school systems. In spite of local control, school systems throughout the country 55 very similar. A child can transfer from a school in one state to a school in 56 . without meeting any serious difficulty. Different books may be required or different 57 may be offered, but the same basic subjects are 58 throughout the country.

The normal school system in the United States consists of six years of 59 school and six years of high school. In many areas, high school is 60 into three years of junior high school and three of senior. Each school year is called a grade.

B. 根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。

It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, rugby, football, hockey, tennis and cricket 61 all first organized and given rules in Britain. Rules are the essence of sport, and sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport 62 to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and 63 temper in defeat. The high pressure of modern international sport 64 these ideals difficult to keep, but they are 65 least highly valued in Britain and are certainly achieved there 66 commonly than among more excitable peoples. Moreover, sportsmanship as an ideal is applied 67 life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms 68 in ordinary speech. Everybody talks of “fair play” and “playing the game” or “playing 69 ”. Borrowed from boxing, “straight from the shoulder” is used to describe a well-aimed, strong criticism and “below the 70 ” is

used to describe an unfair one. One of the most elementary rules of life is “never hit a man when he’s down” - in other words, never take advantage of a person’s misfortune. V.根据所学课文内容完成句子。（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）71. The three adjectives that the author of “The Time Message” uses to describe time are ____.

72. As the author of “Happiness” points out, long-term happiness is based on____ and self-esteem

73. In “The Day I Was Fat”, when she was rudely called fat, the woman m ade up her mind to lose weight. She regained not only her shape, but also her ____.

74. The text “Unreality of TV” describes Dr. Heinrich Applebaum’s study on____.

75. Samuel H. Scudder, the author of “In the Laboratory”, was told to____ for the first thre e days in Professor Agassiz’s laboratory.

76. In “The Great Idea of Mr. Budd”, William Strickland was arrested by the police because ____.

77. The young man in “The Outside Chance” bought ‘tomorrow’s paper”, w hich reported the results of ____ and the news about a factory disaster in his hometown.

78. Hans Christian Andersen finally realized that “it doesn’t matter if you are bo rn in

a duck-yard, as long as ____.”

79. In “Freedom in Dying”, Jim’s mother has been truly great. She has shown how much she loves Jim without depriving him of his ____.

80. In “The Emotional Bank Account”, the author notes that, in relationships, the little things are the big things, and that they go a long way toward building ____. VI．汉译英。（本大题共1 0小题，每小题2分，共20分）

81．他问我这本书是否已被译成英语。

82．他跟我讲话的方式我接受不了。

83．这个故事告诉我们一个道理：幸福不是终点，而是过程。

84．那位妇女在得知丈夫的死讯后放声大哭。

85．现在孩子们接触电脑游戏过多，这让家长们非常担心。

86．昨天晚上他赶上了末班公共汽车；不然的话，他就要走着回家了。

87．许多人没有意识到空气污染可能给人类带来巨大灾难。

88．正是因为他学习努力，他才通过了所有的考试。

89．作为一名律师，他应该为自己的所作所为感到羞耻。

90．人们普遍认为，因特网给我们的生活带来很大的便利。

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