Unit 5 What are the shirts made of语法小专题配套练习题

Unit 5 What are the shirts made of

单元语法小专题(Grammar Focus)

语法精讲

一般现在时的被动语态

1．被动语态概述

被动语态是用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种，一种是主动语态，表示主语是动作的执行者；一种是被动语态，表示主语是动作的承受者。如：

Lots of people speak English.(主动语态，句子的主语“lots of people”是动作“speak”的执行者) English is spoken by lots of people.(被动语态，句子的主语“English”是动作“speak”的承受者)

2．被动语态的常见用法

(1)强调动作的承受者。如：

The boy is not loved by us. 这个男孩不被我们所爱。

(2)不知道动作的执行者。如：

All the children are asked to take part in the activity. 所有孩子都被要求去参加此次活动。

(3)没有必要提及动作的执行者。如：

Such things are not done twice. 这种事情不要做第二次了。

3．一般现在时被动语态的构成

一般现在时的被动语态由“am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时，句子后面需接by短语。一般现在时的被动语态的疑问形式是将am/is/are提到句首，肯定回答用“Yes，主语＋am/is/are.”；否定回答用“No，主语＋isn't/aren't.”。一般现在时的被动语态的否定形式是在am/is/are 后加not。如：

English is widely used all over the world. 英语在全世界被广泛地使用。

Is the classroom cleaned every day by you? 教室每天是你打扫的吗？

Cartoon films aren't enjoyed by students in our class. 动画片在我们班不受欢迎。

4．一般现在时的主动语态变被动语态的方法

先把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语(宾语若是人称代词，须将宾格变为主格)，然后根据这个主语选用相应的助动词be(am/is/are)，再将主动句中的谓语动词变成它的过去分词形式，再将主动句中的主语置于介词by之后(若是人称代词，须将主格变为宾格)；最后将句中的其他成分加上即可。如：

They often visit the museum.→The museum is often visited by them.他们经常参观博物馆。

【注意】(1)不及物动词(短语)，如：happen，rise，appear，come out，take place等没有被动语态。

(2)将短语动词在变为被动语态时要保持其完整性。如：talk about，hand in，pay attention to，take care of等短语动词在变为被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不可漏掉。如：

The old in the Old People's Home are well taken care of. 老人们在养老院被照顾得很好。

(3)主动语态中的宾语补足语如果是省略“to”的动词不定式(短语)，在变为被动语态时要补出动词不定式符号to。如：

I always help my mother do some housework on weekends.→My mother is always helped by me to do some housework on weekends. 我总是在周末帮妈妈做家务。

语法精练

Ⅰ.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。

1．English is__learned(learn) as a foreign language in most of Chinese schools. 2．The dogs are__taken(take) good care of by my mother.

3．Usually，my homework isn't__done(not do) in the afternoon.

4．Are the flowers watered(water) every day?

5．Computers don't__sell(not sell) well in that shop.

6．Is our school visited(visit) by many people every day?

7．Three languages are__used(use) in this country.

8．The workers are__made(make) to work 12 hours every day.

9．Such exercises are often done(do) by the students in class.

10．The car is always cleaned(clean) by Mr.Zhang in the morning.

Ⅱ.按要求完成下列句子，每空一词。

11．They don't make this kind of watch in Beijing.(改为被动语态)

This kind of watch isn't madeby them in Beijing.

12．The bike is mended by Uncle__Li．(对画线部分提问)

Who is the bike mended by?

13．The trees are watered by them once a week.(改为主动语态)

They water the trees once a week.

14．The witch turned the pumpkin into a beautiful carriage at once.(改为被动语态) The pumpkin was turned into a beautiful carriage at once by the witch.

15．Tea is grown in the south of China.(改为一般疑问句)

Is tea grown in the south of China?

16．Such songs are usually sung by boys.(改为否定句)

Such songs aren't usually sung by boys.

17．The wall is painted every__year．(对画线部分提问)

How often is the wall painted?

18．My parents grow vegetables every spring.(改为被动语态)

Vegetables are grown by my parents every spring.

19．Does she often look after the old woman？(改为被动语态)

Is the old woman often looked after by her?

20．We aren't allowed by them to take photos here.(改为主动语态)

They don't allow us to take photos here.

Ⅲ.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。

21．英语老师经常使用录音机。

Recorders are often used by English teachers.

22．你的手机是国产的吗？

Is your mobile phone made in China?

23．这个老师每天给我们很多作业。

Much homework is given to us by the teacher every day.

24．韩梅每天读很多书吗？

Is a lot of reading done by Han Mei every day?

25．大家都喜欢这本书。

The book is liked by everyone.

26．这间卧室是双胞胎姐妹共有的。

This bedroom belongs to the twin sisters.

27．她的声音甜美动听。

Her voice sounds sweet and beautiful.

28．这种铅笔被小学生广泛使用。

This kind of pencils is widely used by pupils.

29．据说这种植物只生长于非洲。

It's said that this kind of plant only grows in Africa.

30．这种布料的衣服好清洗。

Clothes made of this kind of cloth wash easily．