英语常用句型语法宝典
句型宝典
疑问句型
What is this?
结构︰问句：What＋be 动词＋this（that…）？
答句：This（that…）＋be 动词＋a book（pen…）。
说明︰此句型意为“这（那）是什么？这（那）是书（钢笔…）”。what（什么）叫做“疑问词”，用于询问“事物”，通常放在句首，后接be <动词>，再接<主词>，第一个字母w要大写，句尾要加问号(?)，位置不可排错。
What is this? This is a chair. 这是什么？这是一张椅子。
What’s this? It’s a book. 这是什么？它是一本书。
What is that? That is a desk. 那是什么？那是一张书桌。
What are these?
结构︰问句：What are＋these／those…？
答句：These／Those are＋复数名词（＋s／es）。
说明︰<主词>与<动词>的形式要一致，is 后面接单数<名词>，are 后面要接复数<名词>。
What are these? These are books. 这些是什么？这些是书。
What are those? Those are cups. 那些是什么？那些是茶杯。
What are they? They are glasses. 它们是什么？它们是玻璃杯。
What are you?
结构︰问句：What＋be 动词＋主词（人）…？
答句：主词＋be 动词＋a student…。
说明︰此句型意为“你是做什么事情的？我是学生…”。疑问词what 除了询问事物之外，还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be <动词>随<人称代名词>的变化而改变形态，如：I am，we are，you are，he is…。
What are you? I am a student. 你是做什么事情的？我是一名学生。
What is she? She is a teacher. 她是做什么事情的？她是一名教师。
Are you a ...?
结构︰问句：Be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词＋…？
肯定简答：Yes，主词＋am（are，is）。
否定简答：No，主词＋am（are，is）not。
说明︰在否定<简答句>中，<主词>和am，is，are 可以缩写；在肯定<简答句>中则不可。
Is he a student? Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.) 他是学生吗？是的，他是。（不，他不是。）Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.) 你是教师吗？是的，我是。（不，我不是。）Is that a clock? Yes, it is. (No, it isn’t.) 那是钟表吗？是的，它是。（不，它不是。）What is your name?
结构︰问句：What＋is＋所有格＋name?
答句：所有格＋name＋is＋名字。
说明︰“my，your，his，her”为单数人称的<所有格>；<所有格>后面必接<名词>，即“<所有格>＋<名词>”；<所有格>不可与a，an，this，that，these 或those 紧接一起使用。
What is your name? My name is Sue. 妳叫什么名字？我的名字叫苏。
What is his name? His name is John. 他叫什么名字？他的名字叫约翰。
What is her name? Her name is Jean. 她叫什么名字？她的名字叫珍。
Who is that ...?
结构︰问句：Who＋be 动词＋that＋形容词＋名词？
答句：That is＋名字。
说明︰Who 是<疑问代名词>，询问人的“姓名”或“关系”；将<形容词>直接放在<名词>前面，叫做“前位修饰”。
Who is that short boy? That is Bill. 那位矮男孩是谁？那位是比尔。
Who is that tall girl? That is Mary. 那位高女孩是谁？那位是玛丽。
Who is that fat man? He is my uncle. 那位胖男子是谁？那位是我叔叔。
Where is ...?
结构︰问句：Where＋be 动词（am，are，is）＋主词…？
答句：主词＋be 动词＋in the＋名词…。
说明︰问句是“Where ...?”，简答时可用<副词词组>“In／On the＋<名词>”。
Where is Sue? She is in her room. 苏在那里？她在她的房间里。
Where are your books? On the desk. 你的书在那里？在书桌上。
Where is your mother? She is in the kitchen. 你妈吗在哪里？她在厨房里。
Are you V-ing ...?
结构︰Am（Are，Is）＋主词＋现在分词…？
说明︰此句型意为“<主词>（人，物）正在…吗？”。这一<句型>转换的三要素是：be <动词>移到句首；改为大写；句尾用问号。
Is Mary sleeping? 玛丽正在睡觉吗？
Are you reading a book? 你正在看书吗？
Is the dog playing? 小狗正在玩耍吗？
What are you doing?
结构︰问句：What＋am（are，is）＋主词＋现在分词？
答句：主词＋am（are，is）＋现在分词…。
说明︰“<主词>（人）正在做什么？<主词>（人）正在…”。注意：<祈使句>的动词只能用原形，不可造<现在进行式>；表示“瞬间产生”的动作的<动词词组>，如sit down，stand up，不可造<现在进行式>。
What am I doing? You are reading a book. 我正在做什么？你正在阅读一本书。
What are the girls doing? They are singing. 姑娘们正在做什么？她们在唱歌。
What is Bill writing? He is writing a letter. 比尔在写什么？他在写一封信。
How old are you?
结构︰问句：How old＋be 动词＋主词（某人）？
答句：主词（某人）＋be 动词＋year(s) old。
说明︰此句型意为“某人几岁？某人是…岁”。该句型中，<疑问词>要用how，不可用what；且be <动词>（am，is，are）要和后面的<主词>(某人)配合；答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。
How old are you? I am twelve (years old). 你几岁？我十二岁。
How old is your sister? She is thirteen years old. 你的姊妹几岁？她十三岁。
How old is John? He is one year old. 约翰几岁？他一岁。
What time is it?
结构︰问句：What time is it？
答句：It is＋数字＋o’clock。
说明︰此句型意为“现在是几点钟？现在是…点钟”。问句中what 当<形容词>，修饰后面的<名词> time；time 当时间解时，只能用单数，不可用复数。
What time is it? It is ten o’clock. 现在是几点钟？现在是十点钟。
What time is it? It is six o’clock. 现在是几点钟？现在是六点钟。
What time is it? It is nine o’clock. 现在是几点钟？现在是九点钟。
Do you + V ...?
结构︰问句：Do／Does＋主词＋原形动词…？
肯定简答：Yes，主词＋do／does。
否定简答：No，主词＋don’t／doesn’t。
说明︰肯定句中，如有一般<动词>（speak，work，teach…），则在句首加<助动词> do 或does，并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>（不加s或es），即构成<疑问句>。
Do you speak English? Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
你讲英语吗？是的，我讲英语。（不，我不讲英语。）
Does she have a cat? Yes, she does. (No, she doesn’t.)
她有一只猫吗？是的，她有一只猫。（不，她没有一只猫。）
Do they work in office? Yes, they do. (No, they don’t.)
他们在办公室里工作吗？是的，他们在办公室里工作。（不，他们不在办公室里工作。）What time do you + V ...?
结构︰问句：What time＋do／does＋主词＋原形动词…？
答句：主词（某人）＋一般动词…＋时间。
说明︰此句型意为“某人几点做某事？”<助动词> do 或does 的选择依<主词>而定，若<主词>为第三人称单数，用does；其它用do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. 你几点起床？我通常六点起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝？他通常十点就寝。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten.
你的课几点开始？八点十分开始。
What day is today?
结构︰问句：What day is today？
答句：It’s＋Sunday／Monday／…。
说明︰此句型意为“今天是星期几？今天是星期日／星期一／…。”it 可用于指“星期的名称”，但this或that 不可以；一星期七天的名称，都是<专有名词>，开头的首字母要大写，前面不加<冠词>。
What day is today? It’s Sunday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期日。
What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期三。
What day is today? It’s Saturday. 今天是星期几？今天是星期六。
How many N are there ...
结构︰问句：How many＋复数名词＋are there in／on＋名词？
答句：There is／are＋单数（复数）名词＋in／on＋名词。
说明︰此句型意为“在某处有多少…？在某处有…。”该句型中，many 修饰复数<名词>；又因本句型是<疑问句>，故用are there，不可用there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
一年有几个季节？一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有几天？一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
这本书里有几课？这本书里有十二课。
How many ... do you have?
结构︰问句：How many＋复数名词＋do／does＋主词＋have？
答句：主词＋have／has…＋复数名词＋…。
答句：主词＋don’t／doesn’t have…＋复数名词…。
说明︰“How many”后面接复数<可数名词>，复数<名词>的前面可用many，a lot of，a few，some，few，any，no 等修饰。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)
你有几本书？我有许多书。（我没有书。）
How many sweaters do you have? I hav e three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)
你有几件毛衣？我有三件毛衣。（我没有毛衣。）
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.)她有几个朋友？她有许多朋友。（她没有许多朋友。）
How much ... do you have?
结构︰问句：How much＋单数不可数名词＋do／does＋主词＋have？
答句：主词＋have／has…＋单数不可数名词。
答句：主词＋don’t／doesn’t have…＋单数不可数名词。
说明︰“How much”后面接单数<不可数名词>，单数<不可数名词>前面可用much，a little，some，little，any，no 等修饰。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)
他有多少茶？他有很多茶。（他没有茶。）
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework. (They don’t have much homework.) 他们有多少家庭作业？他们有许多家庭作业。（他们没有许多家庭作业。）How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
他们有多少水果？他们有许多水果。（他们没有许多水果。）
How much do(es) ... cost?
结构︰How much do（es）＋某物＋cost…？
说明︰此句型意为“某物值多少钱？”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作：“How much＋be <动词>＋某物？"。
How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)这部计算机值多少钱？
How much do the vegetables cost? 这些蔬菜值多少钱？
How much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱？
Did ... V ...
结构︰Did＋主词＋原形动词＋…过去时间？
说明︰将肯定句中的过去式改为“Did＋原形<动词>”，并将Did 放在句首，句尾用问号，即构成过去式的<疑问句>。
Did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗？
Did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗？
Did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗？
Did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗？
Did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗？
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗？
Do you ever + V ...?
结构︰问句：Do／Does＋主词＋ever＋原形动词…？
答句：No，主词＋never＋一般动词（加s或es）…。
说明︰ever 通常用于<疑问句>，never 通常用于否定回答；never 也可放在句首，后接原形
<动词>，形成否定<祈使句>，如例句4。
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.
你曾经使用计算机吗？不，我未曾使用过计算机。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
汤姆曾经晚起床吗？不，汤姆未曾晚起床过。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗？不，萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. 比尔，上学绝不可迟到。
What year was he born in?
结构︰What date／year＋was／were＋主词＋born＋on／in？
说明︰此句型意为“你出生于几月几日（那一年）？”。born 是<原形动词> bear 的过去<
分词>，在文法上当<形容词>，前面常有was 或were；中文说“某人出生”，英语应说：“某人＋was／were born…”。
What year were you born in? 你出生于那一年？
What date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生于几月几日？
What month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生于几月？
What will you do on ...?
结构︰What will／did＋主词＋do＋on＋时间？
说明︰此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么？（未来式）某人在某时做了什么事？（过去式）”。指特定的日期（如几月几日）、星期几或星期几的早上（下午，晚上），要用介系词on。
What will you do on Teacher’s Day? 你在教师节将做什么事？
What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事？
What will Helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事？
What did John do on New Year’s Day? 约翰在元旦做了什么事？
What did Mary do on Youth Day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事？
What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情？
How do you + V ...?
结构︰问句：How＋do＋主词＋一般动词…？
答句：主词＋一般动词…＋情状副词。
说明︰How 是问情况的<疑问副词>，表示“怎样…？”。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词，称为<情状副词>。当用来修饰<不及物动词>时，<情状副词>位于其后；当用来修饰<及物
动词>时，<情状动词>位于<及物动词>的前面或后面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎样做你的工作？我很快乐地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎样注视林先生？她冷漠地注视林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎样驾驶他的出租车？他小心地驾驶他的出租车。
You are ..., aren’t you?
结构︰肯定句，＋否定式助动词＋主词？
说明︰这是一种反意<疑问句>，其结构特点是：第一部分是肯定式，第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主词>是<名词>时，附加问句的<主词>要用<代名词>代替：it 代替this，that，
<不定词>(当<主词>)或<动名词>(当<主词>)等；they 代替these，those，people 等。下列<
助动词>的否定缩写式较易弄错：will not－>won’t；would not－> wouldn’t；should not －>shouldn’t；can not－>can’t；could not－>couldn’t；might not－>mightn’t；ought not －>oughtn’t。直述句有一般<动词>现在式，则附加问句用do 或does 代替；有一般<动词>
过去式，则附加问句用did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?（读降调）他们准备好了吧？（读升调）他们准备好了，不是吗？
Mike has a car, doesn’t he?（读降调）麦克有辆车，是吧？（读升调）麦克有辆车，不是吗？
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? 是秘书打了这封信，不是吗？
They will go to Europe, won’t they? 他们将去欧洲，不是吗？
You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老师，不是吗？
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过，不是吗？
I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快，不是吗？
The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? 墙上的插座坏了，不是吗？
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干净的公园是美丽的，不是吗？
You can do it, can’t you? 你会做它，不是吗？
We should rise early, shouldn’t we? 我们应该早起，不是吗？
He isn’t ..., is he?
结构︰否定句，＋肯定式助动词＋主词？
说明︰这是另一种反意<疑问句>。否定结构在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反
意<疑问句>的回答和对否定式一般<疑问句>一样，要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? －- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
他不是经理，是吧？－－不，他是经理。（是的，他不是经理。）
Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麦克没有车，是吗？
The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 秘书没有打过这封信，是吗？
They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他们不会去欧洲，是吗？
You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老师，是吗？
I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他无法回答这个问题，是吗？
What in the world ...?
结构︰疑问词＋in the world／on earth／ever＋其他
说明︰此句型意为“究竟…？到底…？”。这是特殊<疑问句>的强调说法。in the world，on earth 和ever是强调疑问词的<词组>。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底将如何做这件事？
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什么？
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的？
Who on earth told you that? 那件事究竟是谁告诉你的？
Where ever did you lose it? 你到底在哪儿丢的呀？
What in the world are they hoping for? 他们到底想要什么？
Are you ... or ...?
结构︰一般疑问句（读升调）＋or＋一般疑问句（读降调）
说明︰此句型意为“是…还是…？"。这是选择<疑问句>，前面都是一般<疑问句>，后面的
问句如与前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。
Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us?
是我们来找你们，还是你们来找我们？
Are you from the America or from the England? 您是美国人还是英国人？
Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? 他是星期一走还是星期二走？
Would you like coffee or tea? 你是要咖啡还是茶？
What ..., + A or B?
结构︰特殊疑问句(读降调)，＋A（读升调）or B（读降调）
说明︰这种选择<疑问句>使用得相当广泛，其特点是：前面的特殊<疑问句>已经明确地指出了要问的内容，再补充几项具体事物让对方做出肯定的答复。其语调是“降-升-降”
调。
What would you like －coffee or tea? 你要什么？咖啡还是茶？
Which would you rather to buy －silk or cotton? 您想买什么？丝还是棉？
Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? 您去了哪里？天津还是北京？
When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?
你何时去交易会？明天还是另找哪一天？
... what/which ...
结构︰主要子句＋疑问词（what／how／which／why 等）＋子句
说明︰这是间接<疑问句>。疑问词后面的语句采用正常词序，不采用特殊<疑问句>所用的倒装词序。全句末尾大多用句点，但也有用问号的。直接问句改为间接问句或间接句时，原先的<疑问句>要改为肯定句或<否定句>的顺序；<助动词>如will，should，would，must，may，can 等，须照抄，不可去掉；<助动词>如do，does，did，必须去掉，再将它后面的原形<动词>改为适当的形式。
I’d like to know how old the manager is. 我想知道经理有多大年纪。
He inquired how it was done. 他问这事做得怎么样了。
Please advise me which item I should buy. 请问我该先买哪个品种。
Tell me why it is so important? 告诉我为什么此事这么重要？
They do not know what the words mean. 他们不知道这些字的意思是什么。
Tell me what happened yesterday. 告诉我昨天所发生的事。
What they talked about is what we want to know. 他们谈论什么是我们所想要知道的事。
She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.
她每晚洗头发，而且量量看一星期长多少。
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.
你决不会知道你的鼓励对我多么有意义。
... whether/if ...
结构︰主要子句＋whether／if＋子句
说明︰此句型意为“…是否…”。口语中使用if 较为普遍。如果子句中带有or not 等词，则只能用whether；另外，whether 不能引导否定的间接<疑问句>，而if 则可以。
He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他问我价格是否太高。
They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他们问他质量是否好。
Tell me whether you like this color. 告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。
Tell me i f it doesn’t rain. 告诉我是否下不了雨。
Ask him if it is true. 问他那是不是真的。
I wonder if he is in the school. 我想知道他是否在学校。
Do you know if/where ...
结构︰一般疑问句＋疑问词（what／where／when 等）＋子句
说明︰此句为双重<疑问句>。疑问词后面采用正常词序，不用倒装词序。
Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? 你能告诉我老师到哪里去了吗？
Have you any idea where he comes from? 他是哪里人，您知道不知道？
Do you know if they like this new item? 你知道他们是否喜欢这个新品种？
Do you know who wants to go with me? 你知道谁想跟我一起去吗？
Do you know when the train will leave? 你知道火车何时开吗？
Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告诉我你一个月赚多少吗？
He is ..., is he?
结构︰肯定式陈述句＋肯定式反问句
说明︰这种疑问<句型>的前后一致，都是肯定式结构。后一部分进一步强调前一部分的内容，是不需要回答的一种修辞方式。
We are old friends, not strangers, right? 我们是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是吗？
He’s a capable businessman, is he? 他是一位很有能力的业务员，可不是吗？
So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? 原来你是来进口中国纺织品的，是么？
So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原来你去过上海，是吧？
... what ...?
结构︰…疑问词（在句中任何位置上）…
说明︰疑问词不是位于句子开头，而是在句子中任何位置上，这种方法十分简单，因此在口语中经常出现。
Two times what number makes ten? 什么数的两倍是十？
You will go where? 你要到哪里去？
You are twenty-what this year? 你今年二十几岁？
He’s your who? 他是你什么人？
What/How about + N/V-ing?
结构︰What／How about＋名词／动名词？
说明︰此句型意为“…如何？”。这是征求对方意见或提议的委婉说法。
What about the name Smith? 史密斯这个名字怎么样？
What about going to a movie? 去看场电影如何？
What about lending me some money? 借点钱给我如何？
What about washing the car on Sunday? 礼拜天洗车怎么样？
How about the others? 剩余的怎么样？
How about a drink? 来一杯吧？
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? 去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧？
What if ...?
结构︰What if＋主词＋动词
说明︰此句型意为“如果…的话怎么办呢？”。但经常用于反语，有时也变成“即使…也没关系”之意。
What if it is true? 如果这是真的又该如何呢？
What if he doesn’t agree? 如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
What if he comes back now? 如果他现在回来怎么办？
What if the boy’s parents should die? 如果那男孩的父母死了该怎么办呢？
What if I fail! 即使我失败了又怎样！
What ... for?
结构︰What＋助动词＋主词＋动词…＋for？
说明︰此句型意为“为什么…？”。相当于“For what…？”
What are you running for? 你为什么在跑步？
What do you want it for? 你为什么要那个？
What did they go there for? 他们为什么去那里？
How else ...?
结构︰How else＋助动词＋主词＋助动词？
说明︰此句型意为“…还有别的方法吗？”。
How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son? 现代这个世界上，父亲还应该有别的方法来对自己的儿子表示爱护和关心吗？
How else can the doctor save him? 医院还有别的方法可以救他吗？
How else can I apologize for her? 我还能有别的方法可以向她道歉吗？
假设法句型
If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...
结构︰If＋现在式…，S＋未来式…
说明︰if 子句用现在式，表示须具备的条件，主句用未来式表示可能的结果，整句含意为“如果…，那么…”。will 用于所有的人称，在I 和we 之后可用shall 代替will。若主句的主词为I 或we 时，可以用shall 代替will。像if necessary（如果需要），if possible（如果可能），if so（如果这样）等固定词组实际上是省略了的if 子句。
If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失业了，我就出国。
If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我头痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。
If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨，我们将待在家里。
If the weather clears, we’ll go for a walk. 如果天晴，我们就去散步。
If the weather doesn’t clear, we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴，我们就不去散步。
Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.
通货膨胀率可能上升。如果是这样，物价就会上涨。
If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的话，她想跟我们一起去。
Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.
英国货币可能贬值，如果果真如此，利率就会上升。
If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ...
结构︰If + 现在式，主词＋情态助动词
说明︰本句型实为
If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天气好，我门可以出门。
If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天气好，我门能够出门。
If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。
If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天气好，我门可能出门。
If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天气好，我门宜于出门。
If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天气好，我门宜于出门。
If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天气好，我门必须出门。
If I should ..., Imperative Sentence.
结构︰If I＋should ...＋祈使语气
说明︰
If you should see him, please give him my regards. 如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。
Should you see him, please give him my regards. 如果你见到他，请代我向他致意。
If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.
如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。
Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards.
如果你万一见到他，请代我向他致意。
If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你给她写信，请代我向她问候。
Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know.
你若不希望我们的代理人去造访，请告之。
Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.
你若对我们的报价感兴趣，请与我们联系。
If I should ..., I will ...
结构︰If…should…，…would（will）／should（shall）等＋原形动词
说明︰这是表示与未来事实相反的假设<句型>，if <子句>要用<助动词> should，译成“万一”。should可置于<主词>前，将if 省略。<主要子句>的<助动词>则视可能性做变化：若可能性低，则为过去式，若可能性高，则为现在式。should 可以提前，而将if 省略。
If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 万一他来，我会把真相告诉他。
If he should come, I will tell him the truth. 万一他来，我一定会把真相告诉他。
Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. 要是那男孩在来，我就把他撵出去。
If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 万一下雨，我们的计划就泡汤了。
Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的，合约就该取消。
Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?
万一另一次世界大战爆发，人类将会发生什么事？
If I were to ..., I ...
结构︰If…were to…，…would／should 等＋原形动词
说明︰这也是表示与未来状况相反的假设<句型>，与“if ... should, ...”大致相同，但“if ... were to”所表示的可能性更低，通常用以表示“与真理相反”的<假设语气>。
If the sun were to rise in the west, he would pass the exam.
要是太阳从西边出来，他就会通过考试－－他不可能通过考试。
If I were to be born again, I would like to be a bird. 我要是再活一次，我想当一只鸟。
If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like?
万一太阳消失了，地球会变成什么样子？
Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do?
万一明天我死了，我的孩子们将怎么办呢？
If I + V-ed, I would ...
结构︰If…＋过去式动词…，主词＋过去式助动词（would／should 等）＋原形动词
说明︰这是与现在事实相反的假设句型。if <子句>中的
If I knew his address, I could write to him. 如果我知道他的住址，我会写信给他。
If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有时间，我可能会去看他。
If you were in my shoes (=Were you in my shoes), what would you do?
如果你站在我的立场，你会怎么做？
Were I rich enough, I would buy a sports car. 如果我有足够的钱，我就买一辆赛车了。
How happy I would be if I were a few inches taller! 要是我再高几寸，我会好高兴。
If I had a car, I could take her for a drive. 如果我有车，我就带她去兜风了。
If I had binoculars, I could see that comet clearly.
如果我有望远镜，我就可以清楚地看见那颗彗星。
It is time that ...
结构︰It is（high）time＋（that）＋主词＋过去式动词
说明︰此句型意为“已经到了…的时间了”。过去式<动词>处有时亦使用“should＋<动词>
原形”。that <子句>也能用to <不定词>来表示。
It is time he went to bed. 该是他睡觉的时间了。
It is time that you left for the duty. 该你当班了。
It is time that you reflected upon your mistakes. 该是你反省思过的时候了。
It is high time he should come to our house for dinner.已经到了他该上咱家吃晚饭的时候了。
It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself.
该是有人教你应对进退之礼仪的时候了。
If I had V-ed, I would have ...
结构︰If…had＋过去分词…，主词＋would／should 等＋have＋过去分词
说明︰这是与过去事实相反的假设<句型>。if <子句>要用<过去完成式>，<主要子句>则要
用过去式<助动词>（would，should，ought to，might，could）＋have＋过去<分词>。if <子句>中的had可置于<主词>前面，而省略If。
If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我当时看见他，我会告诉他实情。
I could have finished the task if I had had more time.
如果当时我能有多一点时间，我就能完成这项任务。
If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.
如果我们事先知道你要离开，我们会到机场送行。
I someone had been with him, he might not have been drowned.
如果有人在他旁边，或许他就不会溺死。
I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses.
若非我已经习惯了这样的回答，我可能不敢轻易相信。
Had he not apologize to her, she would not have forgiven him.
她（那时）不会原谅他，若非他道了歉。
Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了，若非他救了我。
Had I proposed to you, would you have married me?
我要是当年向你求婚，你会答应嫁给我吗?
Had you not helped us, we should have canceled this transaction.
假如没有你的帮助，这笔生意早就告吹了。
If I had V-ed, I would ...
结构︰If…had＋过去分词…，主词＋would／should 等＋原形动词＋now／today
说明︰这是<时态>不一致时的假设<句型>，亦称混合假设条件句。即：if <子句>若与过去
事实相反，用<过去完成式>表示；而<主要子句>若与现在事实相反，则用过去式<助动词>
表示。此类<主要子句>句尾通常有表现在的<时间副词>，如now，today 等。
If he had worked harder when young, he would be well off now.
如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。
If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today.
如果十年前我有钱，今天我就能买下那栋房子了。
Had he told the truth, he wouldn’t be punished now.如果他当时肯说实话，现在就不会受罪了。
Had he followed the docto r’s advice, he might be alive now.
当时他要是听了医生的建议，现在可能还活着。
I wish ... + V-ed ...
结构︰I wish＋（that）＋主词＋动词过去式／过去完成式（had＋过去分词）…
说明︰I wish 之后以that <子句>为<受词>时，该<子句>的<动词>一定要用<假设语气>：若
<动词>用过去式，表示与现在事实相反的愿望；若用<过去完成式>，则表示与过去事实相
反的愿望。“I wish＋that-<子句>”的<句型>也可用“I would rather＋that-<子句>”取代。而
I hope 之后以that <子句>做<受词>时，该<子句>用一般<时态>。
I wish there were meadows and lambs. 但愿有草地与小羊。
I wish I were as tall as you. 但愿我像你一样高。
I wish he could tell us. 但愿他能告诉我们。
I wish (=I would rather) he could come tomorrow. 但愿他明天能来。
I wish you had not been caught in the rain yesterday. 但愿昨天你们没有淋到雨。
I wish you had not told the truth. 但愿你没有说实话。
I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已经认识你。
If only + V-ed
结构︰If only＋过去式／过去完成式
说明︰此句型意为“要是…就好了。”用过去式，表示与现在事实相反；若用<过去完成式>，
则表示与过去事实相反。
If only I had a rich father. 要是我有个有钱的爸爸就好了。
If only he had been here. 要是他当时在这儿就好了。
If only I had another chance. 要是我再有一次机会就好了。
... as if/as though ...
结构︰…as if／as though…现在式／过去式／过去完成式
说明︰此句型意为“彷佛…；好像…一样”。as if，as though 是<副词><连接词>，引导<副
词子句>。<子句>中，可用现在式，以表示事实；也可用过去式或<过去完成式>，分别表示
与现在或过去事实相反的<假设语气>。
He speaks like that as if he doesn’t want to attend the meeting.他那样说话，似乎不想参加会议。
He walks as if he is drunk. 他走起路来好像他真的醉了。
He felt as if he almost wished to kill them. 他感觉彷佛几乎要杀掉他们。
The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 这个婴儿打开书本彷佛他会念书。
The nurse attends on the patient as if he were her father.
这护士照顾这位病人彷佛在照顾她爸爸似的。
He ran into the room as if he had seen something terrible.
他跑进屋子，彷佛他看到什么可怕的东西。
She looks as if nothing had happened to her. 她当时看起来好像什么事都没发生似的。
It seems/looks as if ...
结构︰It seems／looks as if…
说明︰此句型意为“似乎…”。本句型中的as if <子句>可用以表示事实，或<假设语气>。
It looks as if it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。
It seems as if he knows everything. 他似乎是个万事通。
It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be.
他似乎是个万事通。其实他是再愚蠢不过了。
It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
她看起来彷佛刚从外层空间回来似的。
It seemed as if he had finished the work. 他似乎已经完成了这个工作。
It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永远完成不了这个工作。
If it were not for ...
结构︰if it were not for＋名词／子句，主词＋would／should 等＋原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“若非（有）…”。此类句构专门用于表示与现在事实相反的<假设语气>。亦可用“but for＋<名词>”或“without＋<名词>”代替。were 可以提前，省略if，如例句3。
If it were not for his presence, I would punish you. 要不是他在场，我会处罚你的。
But for your advice, I should have failed. 要不是你的忠告，我会失败的。
But for music (=Were it not for music), life would be dull. 要不是音乐，人生会很无聊。
If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth.
大气中如果没有氧和氮，人就无法生存于地球了。
Without air, all living things would die. 若非空气，所有的生物都会死亡。
Without newspaper, we would get behind the times. 要不是报纸，我们都赶不上时代了。
I should be lonely, were it not for the birds and the flowers. 我会寂寞，若非有鸟也有花。
Were it not for his help, I could not finish the work.若非有他的帮助，我就不能完成这件工作。
Were it not for science, we could not live a comfortable live.
若非科学，我们无法过着舒适的生活。
If it had not been for ...
结构︰if it had not been for＋名词／子句，主词＋would／should 等＋原形动词…
说明︰此句型意为“若非（有）…”。此类句构专门用于表示与过去事实相反的<假设语气>。
If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果没有他的帮忙，我应该已经失败。
Had it not been for your timely help, our company would have been on the verge of bankruptcy. 若非你及时伸出援助之手，本公司将会濒临破产的边缘。
If it had not been for these experiments, the improvement of the machine would have been impossible. 要不是这些实验，这部机器也许就不可能改良了。
Had it not been for the kind guide, I might have got lost in the mountains.
要不是这位好心的向导，我可能就在山中迷路了。
If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you.
要不是他在场，我当时就会处罚你。
I demand/insist that ...
结构︰主词1＋意志动词（demand／insist 等）＋（that）＋主词2＋（should）＋原形动词说明︰意志<动词>有四类：建议（suggest，recommend，propose，advise，urge 等），要求（desire，ask，demand，require，request，maintain，insist 等），命令（order，command 等），规定（rule，regulate，stipulate 等）。其后接that-<子句>时，该<子句>里的<动词>要用原形或“should＋<动词>”。美式英语通常省略should。
The committee moved that the meeting (should) be adjourned. 委员提议休会。
His parents demanded that he (should) be back by ten. 他的父母要求他十点以前回家。
The employees demand that their salaries be raised. 员工们要求加薪。
They ruled that the law (should) not be imposed. 他们规定不应加重法律。
His father ordered that he (should) keep a diary in English.
他的父亲规定他要用英文写日记。
My mother encouraged me and insisted that I continue my education.
我妈妈鼓励我，而且坚持我应该继续我的教育。
He insisted that I (should) apologize to her. 他坚持我应该向她道歉。
Recently, many states have insisted that high schools teach students how to drive.
最近，许多州坚持中学应该教学生如何开车。
His father insisted that they (should) move to the country. 他爸爸坚持他们应该搬到乡下。It is proper ... that ...
结构︰It is＋意志形容词（important 等）＋（that）＋主词＋（should）＋原形动词
说明︰意志<形容词>包括important，necessary，imperative，essential，urgent，desirable，advisable，recommendable，proper 等。that-<子句>中只能用<助动词> should，不可用must，而should 往往予以省略。
It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.
他有必要整理些资料供我参考。
It is essential that he get up early. 他有必要早起。
It is urgent that food and clothing (should) be sent to the sufferers.
急需将食物和衣服送给灾民。
It is desirable that we (should) provide for the poor at Christmas.
在圣诞节施舍穷人是可喜的事。
It is important that he be quiet. 他该保持安静是有必要的。
It is important that he not do it. 他不该做那事是有必要的。
It is requested that all members be present at the party. 全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会。
It is proper that such a bad man be punished severely. 这么坏的人受重罚是应该的。Imperative Sentence + Conj. + Main Clause
结构︰祈使句＋连接词＋主句
说明︰<祈使句>表示须具备的条件，主句表示可能的结果。<祈使句>代替if 子句进行评说，提出要求，订立协议，提供建议或威胁等。<祈使句>的用法比if 子句表示的更为紧迫。
Provide the materials and we’ll do the job. 提供材料，我们就做这活。
Stop shouting or you’ll wake up the neighbors. 不要喊了，否则你会把邻居吵醒的。
Put that down or else I’ll smack you. 把它放下，不然我就揍你。
Be there on t ime, otherwise you’ll create a bad impression.
要准时来，否则你会给人一个坏的印象。
Fail to pay and they’ll cut off the electricity. 你（如果）不付款，他们就要断电。
Stop eating sweets, or you won’t get any dinner. 你如果不停止吃糖，你就不要吃饭。Unless ...
结构︰Unless＋子句，主要子句
说明︰此句型意为“除非…”。unless 引导一个否定假设句，相当于if ... not ...，有时可以互换使用。总体上看，unless 的语气强于if ... not ...，而且有时较为常用，例如在最后通牒中。
Unless you change your mind (=If you don’t change you mind), I won’t be able to help you.
除非你改变你的想法，否则我不能帮助你。
Unless the management improves their off er, there’ll be a strike.
除非资方做出进一步的建议，否则将举行罢工。
I couldn’t have got to the meeting on time －unless I had caught an earlier train.
我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。
Provided/Providing (that) ....
结构︰Provided／provided（that）＋子句，S＋V ...
说明︰此句型意为“如果…”。Provided/Providing (that) 引导假设条件句，其功能相当于if。
Provided/Providing (that) you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow off.
如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。
As/So long as ...
结构︰As/So long as ＋子句，S＋V ...
说明︰此句型意为“如果…，只要…”。As/So long as引导一个条件假设句，其功能相当于if。
So (As) long as you clear your desk by this evening, you can have tomorrow leave.
如果你到今晚把手头上的工作做完，你明天就可以休息。
As long as you drive carefully, you will be very safe. 如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。
You may eat anything, so long as you don’t eat to o much.
只要不吃得太多，你可以吃任何东西。
As long as live, I will help you. 只要我活着，我都会帮助你。
As long as you don’t betray me, I’ll do whatever you ask me to (do).
只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。
We’ll ship the goods at an early time as long as there is a steamer.只要有船，我们就尽早装货。
You will never be good students so long as you goof around.
如果你们成天游手好闲，就永远也成不了好学生。
Suppose/Supposing (that) ...
结构︰Suppose/Supposing （that）＋子句，S＋V ...
说明︰此句型意为“如果…，假使…”。Suppose/Supposing (that) 引导假设条件句，其功能
相当于if。
Suppose/Supposing (that) we miss the train, what shall we do?
如果我们误了火车，我们将怎么办？
What if/Say ...
结构︰What if/Say＋子句，S＋V ...
说明︰此句型意为“假设…”。What if 和Say 用来引导一个假设条件句，其义相当于Let us suppose（让我们假设）。
What if/Say he goes home before us and can’t get in? What will he do the n?
假设他在我们之前赶到家而又进不去呢？那他怎么办呢？
What if/Say you were to run out of money? What would you do?
假设你的钱用完了呢？你将怎么办呢？
With luck ...
结构︰With luck，＋主要子句
说明︰With luck 为含蓄假设条件句（即不用if 直接引导）。with luck 意为“如果幸运的话，如果运气好的话”。
With luck, we’ll be there by t omorrow.幸运的话，我们明天将到达那儿。（=If we are lucky）With luck, she will get the job. 如果幸运的话，她将得到那份工作。（=If she is lucky）Given time ...
结构︰Given time，＋主要子句
说明︰此为含蓄假设条件句（即不用if 直接引导）。Given time 意为“（如果）给以时间的
话”。
Given time, they will probably agree.给以时间的话，他们可能会同意。（=If they are given time/If we give them time）
To hear him talk, ...
结构︰To hear him talk，＋主要子句
说明︰此句型意为“听某人谈话（的口气）…”。从形式上看，To hear him talk 似为不定式词组，但实则为含蓄条件句（即不用if 直接引导）。To hear him talk 相当于If you could hear him talk。
To hear him talk, you’d think he w as Prime Minister.
听他谈话（那口气），你会以为他是首相呢。
To hear you talk, I’d think you were Prime Minister.
听你谈话（那口气），我还以为你是首相呢。
Without ..., S + V ...
结构︰Without …，＋主要子句
说明︰此句型意为“如果没有…”，是导致主要子句结果发生的必要条件。Without ... 为含蓄假设条件句，此用法在口语表达中最为常见。without 意为“（如果）没有…的话”。Without 既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾，放在句首有强调作用。此外，如果主要子句用否定式，则和without 构成双重否定，表示特别强调without 之后项为主要子句动作发生之必备条件。
Without your help, I couldn’t have done it.
（如果）没有你的帮助，我是不会做成的。（=If you hadn’t helped me）
She can’t solve the problem without his help.如果）没有他的帮助，她不可能解决这道题。
We can’t live without air or water.（如果）没有空气或水，我们就无法生存。
Fish cannot live without water.（如果）没有水，鱼儿就无法生存。
比较句型
as/so ... as ...
结构︰as／so＋形容词或副词原级＋as…
说明︰此句型意为“…和…一样…”。比较两件东西，并表示它们的程度一样。第一个as 为<副词>，第二个as 则为<副词><连接词>，引导<副词子句>，修饰第一个as。在as…as 中可插入单数<可数名词>，即：“as＋<形容词>＋a／an＋<名词>＋as”。若是复数<名词>，可用“as many／few＋复数<名词>＋as”；若是<不可数名词>，则用“as much／little＋<不可数名词>＋as”。“as＋原级（形、副）＋as＋原级（形、副）”这形式表示有关同一人（物）的两种不同的性质、状态是一样程度的，译作“既有…且还有…”。
He is as handsome as his brother (is). 他和他哥哥一样英俊。
Judy goes to the movies as often as Sara does. 朱迪像莎拉一样时常去看电影。
Old John goes to sleep as easily as a baby does. 老约翰像婴儿一样容易入睡。
The girls are as busy with their work as bees. 这些女孩子就跟蜜蜂一样忙着工作。
He is as nice a boy as Peter (is). 他和彼得一样都是好男孩。
She has as many friends as Mary (does). 她和玛丽一样有许多朋友。
He has as much money as John (does). 他和约翰一样有很多钱。
He is as clever as (he is) handsome. 他不但英俊而且聪明。
My teacher is as kind as (she is) intelligent. 我的老师不但善良而且聪慧。
as many/much ...
结构︰as many／much＋名词…
说明︰此句型意为“同数（量）的…；一样多”。本<词组>旨在用以代替句中前面已提到的相同数字，以避免该数字的重复。
He was tired enough to make ten errors in as many (=in ten) pages.
他疲倦得十页中犯了十个错误。
Mike read five books in as many (=in five) months. 麦克在五个月内看了五本书。
I didn’t expect that he should have c ommitted three robberies in as many days.
没想到（老实的）他居然在三天内犯了三次抢劫罪。
as many/much as ...
结构︰as many／much as＋数字＋复数名词／不可数名词
说明︰此句型意为“多达…”。不要与“as many／much＋<名词>”（同数量的…）混淆。同理，此类<词组>还有：as long as＋数字＋<名词>（长达…），as wide as＋数字＋<名词>（宽达…），as high as＋数字＋<名词>（高达…），as early as＋数字＋<名词>（早在…），as late as＋数字＋<名词>（迟在…）等。
She has as many as seven sisters. 她的姊妹有七人之多。
As many as 100 people were killed in the air crash. 这次空难中多达一百人丧生。
I gave the beggar as much as 1,000 yen. 我给了这乞丐整整一千元。
Building costs ran up to as much as NT$ 20 million. 建筑费用涨到高达新台币两千万。
I have been learning English (for) as long as 15 years. 我学英文已有十五年之久。
He came home as late as two in the morning. 他迟至清晨两点才回家。
I saw your brother as late as last week. 上个礼拜我还看到你哥哥。
The river is as wide as 100 meters. 这条河宽达一百公尺。
I mailed the letter as early as Friday. 我早在星期五就把信寄了。
A is as much + N + as
B is
结构︰主词＋be＋as＋much＋名词＋as＋（be）＋主词
说明︰此句型意为“…和…同样…”。“as much＋<名词>＋as＋（be）＋<主词>”的be 通常省略或放句末。
Comets are just as much members of the sun’s family as (are) the other planets.
彗星和其他的行星同样是太阳家族的成员。
To eat too much is as much a bad thing as to eat nothing.吃太多和什么都不吃同样是坏事。
He is as much a member of the orchestra as Tom. 他和汤姆同样是管弦乐队的成员。
not as/so + ADJ/ADV + as + N
结构︰not as／so＋形容词／副词＋as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“不像…那样…”。as…as 可用于肯定句或<否定句>，而so…as 仅可用于<否定句>构中。
It is not as (so) popular as other foods. 它不像其他食物那样受欢迎。
He does not study as (so) hard as John. 他不像约翰那样用功。
I am not as (so) careful as Tom. 我不像汤姆那样细心。
as far as ...
结构︰as far as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“到…之远；到…的程度”。而“as far as＋<主词>＋<动词>”则表示“只要…，在…范围内的话…”。
Swallows from England go as far as South Africa. 英国来的燕子飞到南非那样远的地方。
We walked as far as the railroad station. 我们走到火车站那样远的地方。
We drove as far south as Kaohsiung. 我们往南开车一直到高雄。
He went as far as Yokohama to meet his friend from England.
他远至横滨去迎接由英国来的朋友。
I swam as far as I could. 我尽可能地游远。
... just as ... as ...
结构︰主词＋动词＋just as＋形容词／副词＋as＋（代）名词／动名词
说明︰此句型意为“…就像…一样…”。第一个as 是“同样的；一样的”，第二个as 是“像”之意。若<主词>之后不是be <动词>，则as 之后不用<形容词>，而要用<副词>。
Being a good pedestrian is just as important as being a good driver.
做一个好的行人就像做一个好的司机一样重要。
Writing is just as important as reading. 写作就像阅读一样重要。
He wrote just as carefully as Tom. 他就像汤姆一样小心地写。
... as ... as one can
结构︰…as＋形容词／副词／名词＋as one can
说明︰此句型意为“尽可能…”。“as ... as one can”相当于“as ... as possible”。one 要随<主词>的人称而变化，而can 要随<时态>变化。
To speak English fluently, you had better read as many English articles as you can.
要想把英文讲得很流利，你最好尽量多看英文文章。
Take as much exercise as you can. 尽可能多做运动。
Be as careful as you can. 尽可能小心。
Our teacher explained the lesson to us as clearly as he could.
我们的老师尽可能清楚地为我们解释这一课。
She needed to soften her request to make it as polite and courteous as she could.
她需要使请求语气柔婉，以便尽可能把它变成有礼貌与客气。
You should be as careful as you can in making friends.
在交朋友方面，你应该尽可能小心。
We had better learn by heart as many sentence patterns as we can.
我们最好尽可能多背句型。
I looked down the road as far as I could. 我尽可能遥望这条路。
I will try to save as much as I can. 我会设法尽可能多储蓄。
You should remain as quiet as you can. 你应尽可能地保持沉默。
... as ... as ... can be
结构︰主词＋be 动词＋as＋形容词＋as＋（形容词）＋can be
说明︰此句型意为“极…，不亚于任何人…”。此<句型>借重复同一个<形容词>而成为强调此<形容词>的说法。常用的此类<词组>有：as plain as plain can be（再明白不过了），as wise as wise can be（再聪明不过了），as white as white can be（白得不能再白了），as wrong as wrong can be（错得太离谱）等。
His failure is as plain as plain can be. 他的失败是再明白不过了。
He is as handsome as (handsome) can be. 他潇洒极了。
She is as kind as can be. 她极为和颜悦色。
Mary is as hardworking as can be. 玛丽在班上之用功不输任何人。
He may not be so clever as Peter, but he is as industrious as can be.
他也许不如彼得聪明，但却用功极了。
as ... as ever
结构︰as＋形容词／副词＋as ever
说明︰此句型意为“与往常一样…”。
He seems to be as busy as ever. 他似乎和往常一样忙碌。
He works as hard as ever. 他和往常一样努力工作。
She was as beautiful as ever after so many years. 过了那么多年，她美丽如故。
... times as ... as ...
结构︰倍数词＋as＋形容词／副词＋as…
说明︰此句型意为“是…的几倍”。“两倍”是twice，而三倍以上的“倍”，通常用times。
An ordinary subway train, approaching the station, can be twice as loud as the loudest jet.
平常的地下火车接近车站时，发出的声音可能是最大声的喷射机的两倍。
This line is four times as long as that one. 这条线是那条线的四倍长。
I am twice as old as he. 我的年纪是他的两倍。
She studies three times as hard as I. 她用功的程度是我的三倍。
He earns twice as much as he used to. 他比往常多赚二倍的钱。
She spent half as much money as you. 她花掉的钱只有你花掉的一半。
... times the/my N ...
结构︰…倍数词＋the（或所有格）＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“是…的几倍”。<倍数词>与<名词>之间一定有the 或<所有格>。有时可改为“<倍数词>＋as＋<形容词>”。三倍以上的“倍”，通常用“times”。而“more than＋<倍数词>＋the（或<所有格>）＋<名词>”译为“是…的几倍还不止”。
It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多。
Line A is four times the length of line B. 线条A 是线条B 的四倍长。
I have five times the number of Tom’s books. 我有五倍于汤姆的书。
He has three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍。
He has more than three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止。
The river is ten times the length of the Tamsui River. 这条河的长度是淡水河的十倍。
Holland has two-thirds the inhabitants of the state of New York, which is four times the size of Holland. 荷兰的居民是纽约州的三分之二，而纽约州却是荷兰的四倍大。
more than ... as ... as
结构︰more than＋倍数词＋as＋形容词／副词＋as
说明︰此句型意为“是…的几倍还不止”。“两倍”是twice，而三倍以上的“倍”，通常用times。
He is more than three times as rich as I. (=He is three times richer than I.)
他的财富是我的三倍还不止。
He studies more than three times as hard as I. 他用功的程度是我的三倍还不止。
I am more than twice as old as he. 我的年龄是他的两倍还不止。
He has collected more than three times as many stamps as I (have).
他搜集的邮票是我的三倍还不止。
... times ...er than ...
结构︰倍数词＋形容词或副词比较级＋than…
说明︰此句型意为“比…大几倍”。“两倍”是twice，而三倍以上的“倍”，通常用times。
We now know that X-ray waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times shorter than light waves.
我们现在知道Ｘ光波比光波短二千到一万倍。
This street is four times shorter than that one. 这条街道比那条短四倍。
The mother elephant is one hundred times heavier than the baby elephant.
这只母象比小象重一百倍。
It is ten times louder than another. 它比另外一个的声音大十倍。
This street is three times wider than that one. 这条街比那条街宽三倍。
I am twice older than he. 我的年纪比他大两倍。
not so adj. as adj.
结构︰not so＋形容词／副词＋as＋形容词／副词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是…倒不如说是…”。相当于“<形容词>／<副词>＋rather than ＋<形容词>／<副词>”。
She is not so beautiful as charming. (=She is charming rather than beautiful.)
与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。
He is not so clever as diligent. 与其说他聪明倒不如说他勤奋。
She is not so kind as simple. 与其说她善良不如说她单纯。
not so much + N as + N
结构︰not so much＋名词＋as＋名词
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是…倒不如说是…”。相当于“<名词>＋rather than＋<名词>”。
He is not so much a writer as a scholar. 与其说他是作家倒不如说他是学者。
He is not so much a genius as a hard worker. 他的努力胜于天份。
The Apollo program was not so much a scientific achievement as a technical accomplishment. 阿波罗计划与其说是一项科学成果，不如说是一项技术成就。
not so much ... as ...
结构︰not so much＋介系词词组／不定词词组＋as＋介系词词组／不定词词组
说明︰此句型意为“与其说是…倒不如说是…”。相当于“<介系词词组>／<不定词词组>＋rather than＋<介系词词组>/<不定词词组>”。
Happiness hinges not so much on wealth as on health.
快乐与其说在于财富倒不如说在于健康。
One’s greatness lies not so much in his wealth as in his character.
一个人的伟大与其说是由他的财富来判断，倒不如说是由他的品德来判断。
Success lies not so much as in luck as in hard work.
与其说成功在于运气不如说是辛勤努力。
I lay down not so much to sleep as to think.我躺下来与其说是要睡觉，倒不如说是要思考。
It is not so helpful to give someone some bread as to teach him how to make a living.
与其说给人面包很有帮助，倒不如说教导他如何谋生才重要。
Our success was attributed not so much to your help as to our cooperation.
我们的成功与其归功于您的帮忙，不如归功于我们的合作。
The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach you the art of learning. 学校教育的最大用处，与其说是教你事物，不如说是教你学习的方法。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it. (=The oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.) 与其说是海洋分割这个世界，不如说是统一这个世界。
not so much as ...
结构︰not so much as ...
说明︰此句型意为“甚至都不…”。相当于“not even ...”。本<词组>使用时，要置于<助动词>之后，即：cannot so much as＋原形<动词>（甚至…都不能），do not so much as＋原形<动词>（甚至…都不），have not so much as＋过去<分词>（甚至…都没有）。
He cannot so much as write his own name. (=He cannot even write his own name.)
他甚至连自己的名字都不会写。
英语语法的五种基本句型
教学目标： 1.让学生掌握英语学习中的五种基本句型； 2.学会分辨句子属于哪种句型； 3.懂得使用不同的句型造句； 教学重点与难点： 1.五种句型的分析与理解； 2.句型4（主+动+宾+补）与句型5（主+动+宾+宾）的掌握与比较； 教学方法： 1.ppt演示； 课堂练习： 一、下列的句子属于哪种类型 1. The sun rises 2. She is walking along the lake. 3. I like this book very much. 4. That man seems kind 5. He bought his sister a piano. 6. She kept us waiting for over three hours. 7. Let me give you a hand. 8. We tried to make her happy. 二、请说出五个句子，并说出属于哪种句型 家庭作业： 1.每个句型各举出3个句子 2.翻译句子
导入主题：我们现在能用英语写简单的作文，也可以用英语进行简单的交流与沟通，可是大家知道英语中有多少种基本句型吗？那这些句型分别是什么？ （让学生自由思考、讨论，引出今天的课题，英语学习中的五种基本句型）1.Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词,本身能表达完整的意思,后面不需跟宾语,但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如: He laughed. John has read widely. He lives in London. 2. Subject(主语) ＋Verb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语。如: Our team beat all the others. 3. Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见的系动词有:be(是),become(成为),get(变得),turn(变得),grow(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎),keep(保持),stay(保持)等。如: The rose smells sweet. 4. Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词虽然跟有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有:名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。如: We must keep our school clean. They made him their monitor. 5. Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 此句型的特点是:谓语动词跟有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,通常需要加介词for或to。可跟双宾语的动词 有:answer,bring,buy,find,get,give,lend,make,pass,pay,send,show,sing,take,teach,tell, write等。如: Mr. Li told us an interesting story. Would you please give this dictionary to Li Hua？ 【注】S=Subject(主语). V=Verb(谓语动词). P=Predicative(表语). O=Object(宾语).
五种句型、七大语法、八大时态
1）五种句型 1.基本句型一： S V （主＋谓） 2.基本句型二： S V P （主＋谓＋表） 3.基本句型三： S V O （主＋谓＋宾） 4.基本句型四： S V o O （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5.基本句型五; S V O C （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 2）八大时态 一、一般现在时： 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S） 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 6.例句：. It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just n ow, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didn't know you were so busy. 三、现在进行时： 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、过去进行时：
英语常用口语及语法句型
常用口语： 1. I’m not myself！我烦透了！ 2. Don’t bother me！别烦我！ 3. Give me five more minutes, please. 再给我五分钟时间，好吗？ 4. How did you sleep? 你睡的怎么样？ 5. Don’t hog the bathroom! 别占着卫生间了！ 6. Don’t hog the shower! 别占着浴室了！ 7. Don’t hog my girlfriend! 别缠着我的女朋友了！ 8. Get outta there! 快出来！ 9. I will treat you. 我请客。 10. What are you in the mood for? 你想吃什么？ 11. Who is gonna drive? / Who’s driving? 谁来开车？ 12. You know what I mean? 你明白我的意思吗？ 13. Could you run that by me again?
你能再说一遍吗？ 14. So what you are trying to say is... 那么，你想说的是…… 15. Whadja do last night? 昨晚你干嘛去了？ Whadja=What did you 16. Didja have a good time? 玩的开心吗？ didja=did you 17. Where wouldja like to go tonight? 今晚你想上哪儿？ Wouldja=Would you 18. I am running late. 我要迟到了。 19. I’ve gotta get outta here. 我得离开这儿了。 20. I’ve gotta catch the bus. 我要去赶公共汽车了。 21. gotta=got to wanna=want to gonna=going to 22. Yo—taxi! 嗨，出租车！ 23. Where to ? (你)要去哪儿？
英语语法、句式、简单句子结构(透彻分析)
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 ▲主+系动词+表 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词） ▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。 3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.
主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 ---英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness is a station -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 形容词介词短语 man is a teacher 介词短语形容词
6.教室里。 形容词介词短语 The teacher is handsome. My book is 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语） She is 介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是
英语语法短语及句型整理汇总
巫不民族学校2013-2014学年度第二学期 八年级英语复习资料2014.6.24 1.in front of在....前面注意区别：in the front of e.g. I was afraid to speak in front of my classmates. 2.ask sb. for sth.向...寻求... ask sb to do sth e.g. have you ever asked your teacher for help? 3.do sth by doing sth.通过（做）...（方式）做... e.g. I learning English by studying grammar. 4.too...to do..太...而不能做... e.g. I’m too tired to do well. 5.watch sb. do sth.看...做过了... e.g. I can watch the actors say the words. 6.see sb. doing sth.看见...正在做.... see sb do sth 看见...做过了.... e.g. Today after school I saw my mother cooking in kitchen. 7.get excited变得兴奋、激动 e.g. When we excited about something and then end up runing. 8.end up doing sth结束（做）.... e.g. I spend two days ending up doing work. 9.finish doing sth. 完成（做）... e.g. I spend a lot of time finishing my homework. 10.end up with 以....为结束（告终） e.g. The dream ends up with the voice of alarm. 11.make mistakes in sth.在...（上）犯错 e.g. I often make mistakes in study. 12.be afraid to do sth害怕做.... e.g. The man who is not afraid to fail can be successful. 13.be afraid that +句子害怕... e.g. I’m afraid that he won’t come back tomorrow. 14.challenge sb. to 跟....挑战做.... 15.....one of ....之一 e.g. Studying grammar is one of the best ways to learn English. 16.make up of ...由...构成... e.g. The English words made up of twenty-six letters. 17.impress sb with sth 给...留下印象 e.g. I impressed my teacher with my honesty. 19.deal with 处理、应付 e.g. How do you deal with your problems in life ？ 20.have an influence on/in 对...有影响 e.g. The weather will have a bad influence on the local people. 21.regard...as..把...视、看作... e.g. I usually regard problems as challenges. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dd3245088.html,ed to do过去常常做....(现在不做了) e.g. I used to be afraid of the dog. 23.be use to doing =get used to doing 习惯于做.... e.g. I’m used to reading books. 24.be used to do ...被用于做... 25.be used for doing被用于做.... e.g. A pen is used to write. e.g. A pen is used for writing. 26.sth be used by sb. ....被....使用 e.g. My motorbike is used by my brother. 27.be afraid of 害怕.... e.g. I can’t be afraid of swimming. 28.be sure of 对...有把握 e.g. I’m sure of becoming a English teacher. 29.be sure to do 肯定能做.... e.g. I’m sure to change my life. 30.be sure that+句子确信、肯定.. e.g. I am sure that he will make mistakes in study. 31.be interested in对...感兴趣interesting修饰物品 e.g. He is interested in the history book. 32.be terrified of害怕... e.g. Everyone is terrified of death. 33.be afraid to do =be afraid of doing 害怕做..... e.g. He is afraid to stay at home alone. e.g. He is afraid of staying at home alone. 34.spend time in doing sth花费时间、金钱做.... 35.spend time on sth花费时间、金钱在....上 e.g. I usually spend much time on study, but I still can not study well. e.g. She often spend much time in doing her homework. 36.not...any more..不再... e.g. Jim isn’t mad at me anynore. 37.in the last few years在过去的几年里（常用于现在完成时） e.g. Have you ever been changed in the last few years? 38.worry about =be worried about 担心、忧... e.g. Will you be worried about me? 39.make sb do sth让...做... 40.It’s much more difficult to do ....做....困难得多 e.g. It’s much more difficult to study grammar.
全国公共英语三级常见语法
第一节动词的时态 一、一般现在时： 1、由when、as soon as、the minute、the moment、till、until等引起的时间状语从句，以及由if、unless、provided that等引起的条件状语从句常常用一般现在时态表示将来的动作，而主句则用 一般将来时态。 例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams. 2、当表示普遍的真理或者众所周知的客观事实，常常用一般现在时态。例：The earth is round. 地球是圆的。 二、一般过去时：区分三个短语的用法： 1、used to do sth：过去常常做某事。 2、be/get used to doing sth：习惯做某事。 3、be used to do sth：被用于做某事。 三、一般将来时： 1、be to+动词原形：表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day. 2、be about to+动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。例：The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将 开始。 3、一些表示动作趋势，如开始、终结，以及一些表示动作方向，如往来的动词，常常用现在进行 时态表示按照安排将于将来发生的事情，这类动词常见的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。 四、进行时态： 重点区分when和while引起的时间状语的用法。 When表示时间上的点，在考试中其引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“这时？”，主句多用进行时态；while引导的时间状语从句多翻译为“正当……时”，该从句用进行时态。例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry. I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis. 五、现在完成时：
(完整版)英语的五大基本句型
英语的五大基本句型 同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分，同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。 英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“Ｉ”,作宾语用宾格“me”，作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。 汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别。例如： Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中，同一个主语在句中第二次出现时，就可以省略。如例（１）中，汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。 把句子的各个成分搞清楚，也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点，才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意，在分析句子结构时，应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构，划分句子成分无非是为了理解，或者是为了造句。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯，而且语言是很灵活的东西，发展过程也很复杂，很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时，语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的，有时尽管不符合语法，也是正确的。 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一：Ｓ+Ｖ（主＋谓） 基本句型二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ（主＋谓＋表） 基本句型三：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） 基本句型四：Ｓ+Ｖ+ｏ+Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 基本句型五：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｏ+Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ+Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe,eat, and dri
(完整版)英语5大基本句型_整理版
英语五个基本句式及句子成分 （basic sentence patterns and different components ） 一定会有很大的帮助的！！ So why not have a try? 一、Different components: （各种成分） 英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的，主要包括下面这些： 1. 主语 subject (简写S) 2.谓语 predicate 分为：intransitive verb （vi）/ transitive verb (vt) 3. 宾语 object (分为：direct object / indirect object ) (简写O) 4. 宾补 object complement (简写OC) 5. 状语adverbial 6. 表语predicative 7. 定语attributive ## ：No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of these components. 不管多长的句子，都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。 1、主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词(numeral)， 动词不定式，动名词,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ eg: The boy comes from America. （名词作主语） He made a speech. （代词作主语） Two and two is four. （数词作主语） To be a teacher is my dream. （不定式作主语） Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. （动名词作主语） That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语，也就是我们说的主语从句) 中文里“某人做某事”做主语时，常用以下句式： to do sth To be a teacher is my dream. doing sth Teaching is his job. That/when从句 That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all. Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud. It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well. It is no use / good doing sth It is no use crying.
英语最基础的语法句型有哪些
英语最基础的语法句型有哪些 英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，英语语法系统地总结归纳出来的 一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。 1 英语五种基本句型结构一、句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后 不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen 等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3）Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两 类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep 等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go 等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。
初中英语语法五种基本句型
五种基本句型 句子就是由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等组成得,依其组合方式可分为五种基本句型,如下表所示： 注意句子成分得表示法Ｓ:Ｓｕbject(主语) V:Verｂ(动词)O: Ｏbjｅct（宾语) P：Ｐrｅdiｃａtive(表语) OＣ: Oｂｊeｃｔplement(宾语补足语) 五种基本句型见下表： 第１种S+V主＋谓 第2种S+V+Ｏ主+谓+宾 第３种Ｓ+V＋P 主+谓+表 第 4 种S+V+o(间接宾语)＋Ｏ（直接宾语） 第 5 种S+Ｖ＋O＋OC 主+谓＋宾+宾补 第 1 种句型:主语+不及物动词:S+Ｖ?Ｂirｄs fly、鸟飞、--－-- －-主语谓语（不及物动词) Ｈｅrｕns in ｔｈe park、她在公园里跑、----－- -－－－---－--－--主语谓语地点状语(不及物动词)? 此句型就是主语＋不及物动词构成句子得主体部分。不及物动词,后面当然不能直接带宾语了，要补上相应得介词,但就是可以有状语来修饰。上例中得iｎｔｈe ｐark,就是地点状语。 Ｃlass begins、(bｅgin 在句中就是不及物动词) 开始上课。 比较ｗe ｂegiｎOｕｒcｌaｓs at eｉｇht、我们八点钟开始上课。该句属于第 2 种句型,bｅgｉn 在句中就是及物动词，由此可见有些动词既可作及物动词也可以作不及物动词。 第 2 种句型:主语＋及物动词+宾语:S+V＋O My fatｈｅｒreaｄtｈｅｂooｋ、 我父亲读过那本书、?(及物动词)?注意有些不及物动词后面加上介词就可把它瞧成一个及物动词，后面就可以加宾语了。Ｙou mｕst ｌｉｓten ｔｏmｅ、您必须听我得。(Liｓtｅn 就是不及物动词。但加上ｔo 之后,Ｌistｅn ｔｏ可以瞧成一个及物动词) 后面直接带宾语得动词就是及物动词，名词与名词得相当语(如代词、不定式、动名词……)等都可充当宾语。Ｓｈeｌikｅs Engｌisｈ、（名词作宾语） I knｏｗhim vｅrｙwell、(代词作宾语) (同第一种句型一样,本句型可以有状语、定语修饰）Thｅｙwant ｔo gｏ、(不定式作宾语） Hｅstopｐeｄwｒiting、(动名词作宾语) ?第3 种句型:主语＋系动词+表语:S+Ｖ+P Ｈe ｂｅcａme a ｓｃienｔisｔ、她成为一个科学家了?谓语(系动词) be 动词与ｂee 就是英语中常见得系动词,后面必须接表语,才能用来说明主语,表示“…… 就是……”,“……变成……”等意思。 表语通常就是名词或形容词等。Tｈｅy are honｅst、她们就是诚实得。 Hｅｂecameａsｃiｅntisｔ、她成为了一个科学家。 His face goes reｄ、她得脸变红了。Ｉt grew dark、天变黑了。 注意在英语中,除了bｅ动词与bee 属于系动词外，还有一些实义动词,当表示状态存在或表示状态变化时也可以作系动词。这些词有:keeｐ、lｏok 、
小学三年级英语常用重点句型+语法知识总结
三年级上学期结束： 单词：288(能说会写) 短语：词汇常用搭配，比如go swimming; how long 语法：完成时, might do等 读写：能够读懂单词的简单英文解释，能够读懂常用英文对话，能够阅读100词左右的短文，并完成阅读理解或者完形填空，能够写至少三个词以上的短语 听说：听懂对话，用连线、写单词等方式回答问题 三年级下学期结束： 单词：288(能说会写) 短语：词汇常用搭配，比如sound like; how far 语法：过去进行时;将来时等 读写：能够读懂单词的英文解释，能够读懂常用英文对话，能够阅读至少100词以上的短文，并完成阅读理解或者完形填空，能够写至少三个词以上的短语或者简单句 听说：听懂对话，用连线、写单词等方式回答问题，能够独立提问(where, when, who, what, how) 三年级结束：
背诵能力：轻松背诵100词以上短文或者对话 读写：能够阅读100词以上文章，并书写3个单词词以上的英文答案 听说：能够听懂简单的常用英文对话，能够使用where等疑问词独立提问 小学三年级英语重点句型 1. Hello!喂 Hi! 嗨 2. Hello! I'm Wu Yifan. I'm from China. 你好！我叫吴一凡。我来自中国。 3. What's your name?你叫什么名字？ 4. My name's Chen Jie. 我的名字叫陈洁 5. I have a pencil. 我有一只钢笔。 Me too.我也是。
6. Good morning.早上好 Good afternoon.晚上好 7. This is Miss White. 这是Miss White。 Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。 8. Where are you from?你来自哪里？ I'm from America. 我来自美国。 9. Let's go to school.让我们一起去学校。OK. 好的。 10. . How many cakes?有多少个蛋糕？One cake. 一个蛋糕。 11. How are you?你好吗？ I'm fine, thank you.我很好，谢谢你。 12. Let's paint.让我们一起画画。
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型
初中英语语法大全：英语五个基本句型1简单句、并列句、复合句 根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1简单句 句型：主语+谓语 只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。 They are playing baseball in the garden. 他们正在公园里打棒球。 Her brother and sister both are teachers. 她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。 2并列句 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句 （常见的并列连词有and，but，or） 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 My friend was at home，and we talked for along time. 我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。 Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.
她父亲是个医生，她母亲是个老师。I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn't interested in it.我非常喜欢这个故事，可是李明却对它不感兴趣。 Hurry up，or you'll be late. 快点，否则你就会迟到的。 3复合句 句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。） 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in No.1 Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） 我们在一中学习。 The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） 这间教室很干净。 Three were absent.（数词作主语）
[1] 英语语法：英语六大基本句型
英文六大基本句型 一、主系表 1、she is from America -------- where is she from ? 2、The teacher is beautiful ------ how is the teahcer? 3、The teacher is my mother --- who is the teacher? How are you ? ---- I am fine 主系表句型结构：主语+系动词（be）+表语。 主语一般由名词（代词）构成; 表语由介词短语、名词、形容词构成。 注意：一系动词be是连接主语和表语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了be;/二明白主语和表语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。 二、主谓宾 1、I love you 2、Farmers grow vegetables. 3、Children plant trees 主谓宾句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语。主语一般由名词（代词）构成;宾语由名词构成 注意一，动词do是连接主语和宾语的桥梁，写出的句子不能少了do二，主语和宾语的词性，随着学习的深入，以后它变出不定式、动名词、分词等。 三、主谓 1、Spring comes 2、The accident happened 3、She apologized to me again 4、The teacher listens to the music 主谓句型的结构：主语+谓语动词（do）。这个句子一般没有宾语，因为动词do是不及物动词，不能带宾语。如果非要带宾语，要在不及物动词的后面加介词，比如第3句，第4句的apologize to, listen to.应注意：动词do是不能带宾语的，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,常见的有：appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等，如果要带宾语，必须加介词，英语中的一些动词词组就是这么来的。词典中vi不及物动词必须加介词才能带宾语..vt及物动词 四、主谓宾补 1、He painted the wall white.他把墙漆成白色。 2、We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 3、She found the pen on the floor他发现那支笔在地上 主谓宾补句型结构：主语+谓语动词（do）+宾语+补语。相对于主谓宾，这个句子多出了一个补语，这是因为有些话光是主谓宾无法完整表达句子的意思。补语的形式，它可以是形容词，名词，介词短语。
英语语法基础基本句型结构
英语句子的基本结构 可以归纳成五种基本句型，掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。?英语五种基本句型列式如下： ?一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） ?二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） ?三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） ?四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） ?五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ?基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） ?Ｓ│Ｖ ?1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 ?2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 ?3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 ?4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. ?我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 ?5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ ?6. What he said does not matter. ?他所讲的没有什么关系。 ?7. They talked for half an hour. ?他们谈了半个小时。 ?8. The pen writes smoothly ?这支笔书写流利。 ?基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） ?Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ ?1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. ?这是本英汉辞典。 ?2. The dinner │smells │good. ?午餐的气味很好。 ?3. He │fell │in love. ?他堕入了情网。 ?4. Everything │looks │different. ?一切看来都不同了。 ?5. He is growing tall and strong. ?他长得又高又壮 ?6. The trouble is that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
高中英语常用语法及句型汇总
高中英语常用语法及句型汇总 【一】高中英语的句型锦集 1.subject(主语)+verb(谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。 2.subject(主语)+link.v(系动词)+predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep 等。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become,turn,get,grow,go等。 3.subject(主语)+verb(谓语)+object(宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 4.subject(主语)+verb(谓语)+indirectobject(间接宾语)+directobject(直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等。
5.subject(主语)+verb(动词)+object(宾语)+complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。 ●常见的动词有:tell,ask,advise,help,want,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。 ●注意：动词have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。独立主格结构 【二】高中英语的短语有哪些 1.Ask for……求助向……要……(直接接想要的东西)eg:askyouformybook 2.Ask sb for sth.向某人什么 3.Ask sb.to do sth.询问某人某事 4.Ask sb.not to do sth.叫某人不要做某事 5.At the age of在……岁时 6.At the beginning of………的起初;……的开始 7.At the end of+地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾 8.At this time of year在每年的这个时候补：at least至少 9.be/feel confident of sth./that clause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 10.be+doing表：1现在进行时2将来时 11.be able to(+v.原)=can(+v.原)能够……