2019高考英语真题分类汇编专题09 定语从句(解析版)

三年（2017-2019）年高考真题分项汇编

专题09 定语从句

一、2019年高考真题

1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.

A. which

B. what

C. when

D. that

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。

2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.

A. why

B. where

C. which

D. what

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where，故选B。

3.【2019·新课标I卷·短文改错】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

【答案】One afternoon where

when

I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.

【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将where改为when。

4.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.

【答案】where

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened 一词的宾语，故用which。

5.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.

【答案】who

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。

6.【2019·新课标III卷·短文改错】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.

【答案】

In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment

what

that/which

is created for them.

【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment 在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。

7.【2019·浙江卷·语法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。

8.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.

【答案】where

【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。

9.【2019·北京卷·语法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参

与)in academic life.

【答案】who/that

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those，空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或that。

二、2018年高考真题

1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

A. which

B. who

C. as

D. that

【答案】A

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代词which 引导。A选项正确。

点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。

2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.

A. whom

B. that

C. whose

D. her

【答案】C

【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。故选C。

点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词；

2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

3.【2018·江苏】23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. when

【答案】B

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。

点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：1.找准先行词。

2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。

4.【2018·新课标I卷·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).

【答案】that或which

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。4.【2018·新课标I卷·短文改错】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.

【答案】which改成in which或where

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。

5.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the

government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

【答案】that或which

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。

6.【2018·新课标II卷·语法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.

【答案】that或who

【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。

三、2017年高考真题

1.【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

A. that

B. as

C. where

D. when

【答案】A

【解析】试题分析：句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。______ we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems，用that。

考点：考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】

定语从句的关系词分为关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和关系副词（when, where, why等）。

1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语，定语等成分。关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.

The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.

2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词可省略（非限定性定语从句中不可省略）。

e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.

I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.

The suit (which / that ) the tailor made fo r me doesn’t fit me.

3. 非限定性定语从句中，关系词均不可省略。注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。

4. 作介词宾语的关系代词

在限制和非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作介词宾语，即介词+关系代词，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。

e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.

Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.

The room in which my family live used to be a garage.

2.【2017·江苏】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

A. which

B. it’s

C. whose

D. whom

【答案】C

【解析】

试题分析：考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是……，whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes，故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。

考点：考查定语从句

3.【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

A. that

B. whose

C. his

D. who

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。

考点：考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语;whose做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。

2016年高考真题

1.【2016·北京】2

2. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.

A. whose

B. why

C. where

D. which

【答案】A

【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children和couple 是所属关系，故用whose作定语，whose children相当于the children of whom，故选A。

考点：考查定语从句

2.【2016·江苏】2

3.Many young people, most ______were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.

A. of which

B. of them

C. of whom

D. of those

【答案】C

【解析】试题分析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作为介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都是受过良好教育。故C正确。

【名师点睛】

“of whom / which”引导的定语从句：在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which / whom或者of which / whom…都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用whose来代替of which。

一、表示整体中的部分

The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。

I picked up the apples, some of which were badly bruised. 我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。

I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box. 我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。

There are two bottles left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. 只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。

The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum. 这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。

二、表示所属关系

He’s written a book, the name of which I’ve forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我忘了。

句中的the name of which=whose name。

It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered. 这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。

句中的the details of which=whose details。

考点：考查定语从句

3.【2016·浙江】11. Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears , none of ______ has been proved.

A. whom

B. which

C. what

D. that

【答案】B

【解析】

试题分析：句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。使用定语从句，先行词是theories，指物，定语从句中用代词+介词+关系代词which引导。故选B。

考点：考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。如果是代词+of+关系代词，注意先行词是人用whom，先行词是物用which。

4.【2016·天津】9. We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____ the weather may be better.

A. that

B. where

C. which

D. when

【答案】D

【解析】

试题分析：句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。使用定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句中不缺少主宾表，缺少时间状语。故选D。

考点：考查定语从句。

【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whose, whom, as，who在句中做主语，宾语，表语或者定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。

2020年高考化学试题分类汇编——化学反应速率和化学平衡

2020年高考化学试题分类汇编——化学反应速率和化学平衡 化学反应速率和化学平稳 〔2018天津卷〕6．以下各表述与示意图一致的是 A ．图①表示25℃时，用0.1 mol·L －1 盐酸滴定20 mL 0.1 mol·L － 1 NaOH 溶液，溶液的pH 随加入酸体积的变化 B ．图②中曲线表示反应2S O 2(g) + O 2(g) 2S O 3(g)；ΔH < 0 正、逆反应的平稳常数 K 随温度的变化 C ．图③表示10 mL 0.01 mol·L －1 KM n O 4 酸性溶液与过量的0.1 mol·L －1 H 2C 2O 4溶液混合时，n(Mn 2+) 随时刻的变化 D ．图④中a 、b 曲线分不表示反应CH 2＝CH 2 (g) + H 2(g)?? →C H 3C H 3(g)；ΔH< 0使用和未使用催化剂时，反应过程中的能量变化 解析：酸碱中和在接近终点时，pH 会发生突变，曲线的斜率会专门大，故A 错；正逆反应的平稳常数互为倒数关系，故B 正确；反应是放热反应，且反应生成的Mn 2+对该反应有催化作用，故反应速率越来越快，C 错；反应是放热反应，但图像描述是吸热反应，故D 错。 答案：B 命题立意：综合考查了有关图像咨询题，有酸碱中和滴定图像、正逆反应的平稳常数图像，反应速率图像和能量变化图像。 〔2018重庆卷〕10．()()()22COCl g CO g +Cl g ;0.H ??→?←??＞ 当反应达到平稳时，以下措施：①升温 ②恒容通入惰性气体 ③增加CO 的浓度 ④减压 ⑤加催化剂 ⑥恒压通入惰性气体，能提高COCl 2转化率的是 A ．①②④ B ．①④⑥ C ．②③⑥ D ．③⑤⑥ 10. 答案B 【解析】此题考查化学平稳的移动。该反应为体积增大的吸热反应，因此升温顺减压均能够促使反应正向移动。恒压通入惰性气体，相当于减压。恒容通入惰性气体与加催化剂均对平

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