Unit 13 Marriage习题答案综合教程四

Unit 13 Marriage

Key to the Exercises

Text comprehension

I. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.

B

II. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false.

1. T (Refer to Paragraph 1. The conventional people didn't have the falsely optimistic expectation that marriage would be easy, which can be seen from their enthusiastic response to the "Don't" advice which Punch gave to those about to marry.)

2. F (Refer to Paragraph 2. It is said that in the nineteenth century, the horrors of marriage were depicted especially cruelly, but still there were songs, though rare, occasionally sung about happily married people, which could bring respectful silence to the drunken husbands. )

3. F (Refer to Paragraph

4. It is indicated here that the clergy would only say that marriage was made in Heaven, but it wouldn't necessarily end in Heaven, too.)

4. T (Refer to Paragraph 7. Dr. Johnson's quote shows that he believes that marriage is not something natural for man and woman, so however they try, it is still hardly enough to keep them together.)

5. T (Refer to Paragraph 8, which tells us that almost everybody seems to have painted the troubles of marriage in the darkest colours. And it is also mentioned that in modern times nearly everybody, single or married, is imagined to be unhappy.)

6. T (Refer to Paragraph 9, which argues that, though it is believed that the ostrich can never escape his pursuers by burying his head in the sand, actually many of them do survive by this practice. It suggests that ignoring the difficulties will be the advisable practice for all the married people.)

III. Answer the following questions.

1. Refer to Paragraph 1. By denying the existence of the conventional people as depicted in Bertrand Russell's quotation who like to pretend that difficulties in regard to marriage are a new thing, the author intends to show that everyone in this world agrees that marriage is difficult, from as early as the beginning of human society to the present day.

2. Refer to Paragraph 2. According to the songs sung in music-halls, marriage was like a hell where the married couple were constantly troubled by the wife's twin sister and mother.

3. Refer to Paragraphs 2?. The humour in comic papers, songs in music-halls, and plays and novels are all examples to illustrate that horrible situation of marriage. Then

quotations of reputed philosophers, writers, scientists and essayists are used to prove that even the wise painted marriage in the darkest colours.

4. Refer to Paragraphs 5?. By "unconventional people," the author refers to philosophers, writers and scientists, who have knowledge, talents and wisdom. What they thought of marriage could be derived from the essence of human experience.

5. Refer to Paragraph 8. Since social reformers are keen to maintain the positive development of society, of which marriage and family are the most important building stones, they try to convince people to pursue happiness in marriage by recommending changes in their lives; while thinkers and seekers of beauty are more realistic about the chances of achieving what one desires, and they explore the essence of life through meditating over its miseries and difficulties.

6. Refer to Paragraph 9. The ostrich, when pursued, hides its head in the sand and believes itself to be unseen. The logic in the ostrich's practice is that one can avoid danger or difficulty by refusing to face it. The author hopes that someday a naturalist will find out the ostrich's logic is valid, so that people can follow this practice by ignoring the difficulties in marriage, or pretending that they never exist. The metaphor is used to propose that, to a difficulty-conscious generation who are too much burdened with the thought of difficulty, it will be advisable to pretend in its non-existence. Otherwise, they will never enjoy the rosy side of marriage. If marriage is really both Heaven and Hell, one will never be in Heaven because of his fear of Hell.

IV. Explain in your own words the following sentences.

1. From the way they enthusiastically received the "Don't" advice given in the magazine Punch, we can tell that they adopted a sceptical attitude to marriage.

2. Although the humor might sound offensively rude, it was readily accepted by people in the Victorian era.

3. The marriage state, whether there is love involved or not, is a combination of the happiness and misery we may encounter in life.

Structural analysis of the text

The text falls into three parts: in Part 1 (Paragraph 1), the author, after quoting Russell on the subject, puts forward his own argument that difficulties in regard to marriage have been an old issue for centuries. In Part 2 (Paragraphs 2?), the author analyzes the roots of such difficulties by listing quotations from famous literary works and famous people. In Part 3 (Paragraphs 8?), the author assigns the causes of unhappy marriages to the excessive consciousness of difficulties in human beings, and encourages people to face the difficulties in marriage bravely.

Rhetorical features of the text

卼he reputed saying of the henpecked Socrates, ...

Burton is far from encouraging!

Pepys scribbled in his diary ?

The pious Jeremy Taylor was as keenly aware that marriage is not all bliss.

The sentimental and optimistic Steele ?

Dr. Johnson, ?devoted husband though he was, ?

Vocabulary exercises

I. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

1. inexperienced; unsophisticated; immature

2. troubled

3. welcome; response

4. rude; harsh

5. calamity; disaster

6. lengthen in duration

II. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase from the box in its appropriate form.

1. standing

2. make answer to

3. under no illusions

4. In regard to

5. beset

6. went home to his heart

7. prolong

8. hitherto

III. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. comedian

2. exaggeration

3. reputation

4. repentant

5. poker

6. desirous

7. civilizations 8. imaginary

IV. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part in each sentence without changing its original meaning.

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. D

V. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense

it is used.

1. Synonym: ordinary (commonplace, conformist)

2. Antonym: impious (profane, undutiful)

3. Synonym: withhold (abstain, restrain)

4. Synonym: write (scrawl, scrabble)

5. Synonym: sarcastic (biting, scornful)

6. Antonym: dispassionate (unemotional, hard-hearted, pragmatic)

7. Synonym: restriction (control, limit)

8. Antonym: real (genuine, factual)

VI. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence.

1. discontinuation

2. form

3. economically

4. wrong

5. in an awkward position

6. professional

Grammar exercises

I. Explain the meaning of the words in italics in the following sentences.

1. result

2. enumeration

3. addition

4. exemplification

5. contrast

6. concession

7. contrast 8. addition

II. Complete the sentences with appropriate conjuncts in the box.

1. above all

2. still

3. all in all

4. moreover

5. However

6. in other words

7. On the other hand

8. Rather

III. Correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. You see lots of trees in Oregon. Yet, there are few in Arizona.

2. We took the extra class. As a result, we understood the material completely.

3. I saw the movie although I wouldn't recommend it to most people.

4. Crystal glasses are very fragile. In contrast, plastic glasses are stronger.

5. If he tells me how to get there, I will follow his directions.

6. John has always been a top math student. However, he failed history this quarter.

7. A planned economy does not produce new jobs. On the contrary, the existing empirical data strongly argues that the exact opposite occurs.

8. Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. Conversely, some Asian countries are highly protectionist.

IV. Choose the most appropriate contrastive sentence connector for each sentence below.

1. However

2. Conversely

3. Alternatively

4. Nevertheless

5. By contrast

6. On the other hand

V. Select the correct word from those given in brackets.

1. clean

2. cleanly

3. high

4. highly

5. direct

6. directly

7. sharp 8. sharply

VI. Make sentences of your own after the sentences given below, keeping the underlined parts in your sentences.

(Reference version)

1. Some drugs have at least the possibility, if not the hope of cure, of stopping the spread of the virus.

2. On the whole, I think it was quite right to act as he did.

Translation exercises

I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1. 当我读这句话时，我忍不住想问，在哪里能见到这些像常人一样思考或者假装像常人一样思考的常人。

2. 他声称：“婚姻比单身生活少一份美感，却多一份安全感----它有更多的关心，却减少了风险；它令人更加快乐也更加伤心；它充满了更多的悲哀，也充满了更多的欢乐。”

3. “先生，”他说，“要让一个男人和一个女人生活在婚姻的状态中，根本不是一件自然的事情，我们发现能让他们保持这种关系的各种动力以及文明社会强加于他们的种种约束，都不足以保证让他们厮守终生。

4. 作为社会改革家，我们支持婚姻会给人们带来幸福，但作为思想者和审美家，我们更认同婚姻充满了痛苦。

II. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and phrases given in brackets.

1. Nigeria's oil industry is beset with corruption. The result is higher oil prices and human rights abuses.

2. We're under no illusions about the seriousness and the size of the challenge.

3. Even if you refuse our suggestion, I still want to say something in regard to your ignorance.

4. We have noticed how his poem went home to her heart.

5. If the world were populated with all upright men, we would be able to refrain from many ceaseless arguments.

6. Do not be desirous of having things done quickly. Desire to have things done quickly prevents their being done thoroughly.

7. The guard near the big clock cannot be decoyed away from his post.

8. Taking a regular walk every day is probably one of the most feasible forms of exercise to prolong life for the elderly.

III. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

许多妇女对自己在家里的地位感到不满。她们埋怨说，作为一个典型妻子的妇女承受着沉重的负担。她理应照料好丈夫和孩子。孩子有病的时候，她即使损失自己的收入也要守在孩子身边，因为丈夫的工作或学习决不能有任何影响。她理应包揽大大小小的家务事，保持房子整洁，准备一日三餐，买好所有的食品杂货。她理应照料好丈夫社会生活的细枝末节。当丈夫的朋友来家做客时，她应准备一餐有特色的饭菜，并且满足他们的需要，使他们感到惬意，以示好客。她应该随时准备满足丈夫的需要，毫无怨言地竭尽全力使丈夫高兴。她的幸福似乎完全来自丈夫和孩子的幸福。

Exercises for integrated skills

I. Dictation

To be called beautiful / is thought to name something essential / to women's character and concerns, / in contrast to men, / whose essence is to be strong, or effective, or competent. / It does not take someone with advanced feminist awareness / to find that the way women are taught to be involved with beauty / reinforces dependence and immaturity. / Everybody knows that, / for it is "everybody," a whole society, / that has identified being feminine with caring about how one looks, / and being masculine with caring about what one is and does / and only secondarily about how one looks. / Given these stereotypes, / it is no wonder that beauty enjoys, at best, a rather mixed reputation.

II. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.

(1) as (2) desire

(3) that (4) marry

(5) than (6) seem

(7) to (8) consequence (9) marriage (10) confidence

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1.Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully appreciate this. 只有那些有过类似经历的人，才能够完全理解这一点。 2. Scientists have been hard pressed to figure out how these particles form and interact . 科学家一直没弄明白这些粒子是怎么形成的、又是如何相互作用的。 3. I’d like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contributed over the years in one way or another. 我要特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式作出贡献了的人。 4. The individual success of the employees in a team environment results in success for the company. 团队环境中员工个人的成功能带来公司的成功。 5. The war, although successful in military terms, left the economy almost in ruins. 这场战争，虽说从军事角度而言是成功的，却另经济几乎崩溃。 6. He decided to channel his energies into something useful, instead of being glued to the TV set all day. / instead of sitting in front of the TV set all day long. 他决定把自己的精力用在有益的事上，而不是整天守在电视机前。 7. There is a difference between strength and courage. It takes strength to survive. It takes courage to live. 力量与勇气是有区别的。生存需要力量，生活需要勇气。 8. She was by nature a very affectionate person, always ready to give a helping hand to others. 她天生是个温柔亲切的人，总是乐于向别人伸出援手。 Unite 6 1.It is only by trail and error that we learn and progress / make progress. 只有通过反复实践我们才能学习和进步。 2.You should know that the education of the heart is very important. It will distinguish you from others. 你应该知道心灵的教育是很重要的。它会使你与众不同。 3. A person who strives for perfection tends to have a low threshold of pain. Things around bother them. 一个追求完美的人对痛苦的容忍度往往很低。周围的事物都会让他们看不顺眼。 4.They regard honesty as a matter of principle and they are willing to sacrifice everything for its sake. 他们认为正直是个原则问题，愿意为之牺牲一切。 6.People judge you by the company you keep. You are inviting trouble if you get into bad company. 人们根据你交往的朋友来判断你。如果与坏人为伍，你就是自找麻烦。 6) Speaking your mind without regard to other people’s feelings is not a virtue. 直言不讳、不顾其他人的感受不是一种美德。 7) Her sensitivity exposes her to more suffering and pain than ordinary people can imagine. 她的敏感另她承受的痛苦比普通人所能想象的要多。 8) We must awaken people to the need to protect our environment. 我们必须使人们意识到保护坏境的必要性。

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全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案

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全新版大学英语综合教程4课后习题答案 Unit 1 I. Vocabulary 1. 1) alliance 2) at the cost of 3) stroke 4) limp 5) minus 6) regions 7) declarations 8) siege 9) raw 10) bide his time 11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of 2. 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down 3) is pressing on / pressed on 4) drag on 5) get by 6) dine out 7) have cut back 8) get through 3. 1)The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future. 2)Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’strike. 3)Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests will/should never get in the way of her career. 4)Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard. 5)The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date. 4. 1)Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours, we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases. 2)Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization. Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength. In many cases, work may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization. 3)The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans.In fact, this battle turned the tide in the Second World War. During this famous battle, the Soviet troops withstood the German siege and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks. II. More Synonyms in Context 1) During the First World War, battles occurred here and there over vast areas. Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium. 2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts / homework paid off. 3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement, but he turned a deaf ear to all my words.