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过表达Runx2促进C2C12细胞成骨分化

ISSN1007-7626 CN11-3870/Q

中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

2010年3月

26(3):236 242

收稿日期:2009-11-10;接受日期:2010-01-20

国家自然科学基金项目(No.30971466)

*联系人Tel:137********;E-mail:sunfenyong@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d33901399.html,

Received:November10,2009;Accepted:January20,2010

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.

30971466)

*Corresponding author Tel:137********;

E-mail:sunfenyong@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d33901399.html,

过表达Runx2促进C2C12细胞成骨分化

李萍,余守和,陈迪,高忠平,申健,时宿妹,孙奋勇*

(暨南大学生命科学技术学院生物工程研究所,广州510632)

摘要利用Tet-on(Tetracycline-on)基因表达系统,通过强力霉素(doxycycline,DOX)诱导Runx2基因在C2C12细胞中的表达,探究Runx2促成骨分化功能,为其分子机制的研究提供一个理想的实验平台.先后将调控质粒pTet-on和反应质粒pTRE-Flag-Runx2转染入C2C12细胞,并用G418和潮霉素分别进行2轮筛选,运用实时荧光定量PCR选择对强力霉素诱导敏感的细胞克隆.用不同浓度DOX诱导C2C12/Tet/pTRE-Flag-Runx2细胞,蛋白免疫印迹检测Runx2的表达,确定DOX的最佳诱导浓度与时间,并检测C2C12细胞的成骨分化能力.结果表明,诱导细胞最佳DOX浓度为10μg/ml;最佳诱导时间为12h;诱导后Runx2基因高表达,C2C12细胞向成骨方向分化(P<0.05).

成功建立Tet调控Runx2基因表达C2C12细胞系,为进一步研究Runx2基因功能分子机制提供理想的细胞模型.

关键词Runx2;C2C12细胞;Tet-on基因表达系统;成骨分化

中图分类号Q291;Q786

Overexpression of Runx2Induces Osteogenic

Differentiation in C2C12Cells

LI Ping,YU Shou-He,CHEN Di,GAO Zhong-Ping,SHEN Jian,SHI Su-Mei,SUN Fen-Yong*

(Institute of Genetic Engineering,Jinan University,Guangzhou510632,China)

Abstract A tet-on regulating system of the functional Runx2expression was established in mouse myoblast cell line C2C12.A pTet-on regulating plasmid was first transfected into C2C12and selected with G418for stable clones.Then the pTRE-Flag-Runx2was transfected into the obtained positive C2C12/Tet cells and selected with hygromycin.When Dox was used to induce the expression of Runx2,

a sensitive clone was screened through quantitative RT-PCR.The optimal Dox induction condition of10

μg/ml for12hours was determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot assays.ALP staining and Alizarin red(AZR)staining after Dox treatments were used to evaluate the capability of osteogenic differentiation.The levels of differentiation of C2C12/Tet/pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells were significantly higher than those of native C2C12cells or C2C12/Tet/pTRE cells(P<0.05or0.01).Our Tet-on regulated Runx2expression system in C2C12cells may provide a useful tool for the further study of Runx2 functions.

Key words Runx2gene;C2C12cell;Tet-on gene expression system;osteogenic differentiation

Runx2又称核心结合因子α1,属于runt结构域

基因家族的转录因子.目前已发现该家族包括3个

成员,即Runx1/CBFA2/PEBP2αB/AML1、Runx2/

CBFA1/PEBP2αA/AML3、Runx3/CBFA3/PEBP2αC/

AML2,其共同特点是在分子结构中含有1个由128

个氨基酸组成的高度保守序列———runt结构域[1].

Runx2的表达受到参与成骨细胞分化的多种生长因

子和激素的调控[2原7].骨形态发生蛋白(bone

)是成骨细胞分化和骨形

成最有效的诱导因子,可以通过Smads途径上调

第3期李萍等:过表达Runx2促进C2C12细胞成骨分化

Runx2的表达[8原10];过氧化物酶体增殖因子激活受体g2和转化生长因子β(βtransforming growth factor,TGFβ)能够抑制Runx2表达和成骨细胞分化[11,12].研究表明,Runx2在成骨细胞(osteoblast,OB)分化、软骨细胞(cartilage cells)成熟及骨基质蛋白(extracellular matrix protein,ECMP)的产生等方面发挥重要作用[13,14].但是,Runx2促进成骨细胞分化作用的详细机制尚不清楚,建立一个有效的Runx2诱导表达系统是解决该问题的关键.

Tet-on可诱导基因表达系统(Tet-On inducible gene expression system,简称Tet-on系统)是一种高效无毒、具有严密开/关功能的真核表达系统,在四环素或其衍生物强力霉素存在下,诱导插入目标基因的高效表达.该系统在可人为地控制外源基因表达方面明显优于其它真核表达系统.本研究运用Tet-on系统,建立受强力霉素调控Runx2基因表达的小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12,为进一步研究Runx2基因功能的分子机制提供一个理想的细胞模型.

1材料与方法

1.1材料

大肠杆菌DH5α为本室冻存,pTet-on系统为TAKARA公司产品,重组pTRE-Flag-Runx2为本课题组构建.Lipofectamine2000脂质体、Trizol、G418、胰蛋白酶、DMEM培养基均购自Invitrogen公司;优质胎牛血清购自Hyclone;定量PCR用酶SYBR Green PCR Master Mix为TOYOBO公司产品;M-MLV Reverse transcriptase、RNase抑制剂为Promega 公司产品;DNA Ladder Marker购自广州东盛公司;高保真DNA聚合酶primeStar、各种连接酶、限制性内切酶及强力霉素(doxycycline,Dox)均购自TAKARA公司;质粒抽提试剂盒及切胶回收试剂盒购自Qiagen公司;抗flag单克隆抗体(cellsignaling)、辣根过氧化物酶标记IgG (Proteintech)、免疫印迹化学发光试剂盒SuperSignal West Dura Extented Duration Substrate(Pierce)均购自广州吉泰公司;聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF)购自广州威佳公司.

小鼠C2C12购自北京协和细胞库.PCR引物由上海生工合成(Table1).

1.2方法

1.2.1细胞培养C2C12细胞培养于DMEM培养基,含10%胎牛血清,在5%CO2孵箱37益培养.

1.2.2质粒构建以pcDNA3.1(+)-Runx2重组质粒DNA为模板,PCR扩增Runx2基因阅读框序列,包含Flag标签序列.PCR产物及pTRE质粒均经双酶切、酶切产物纯化,用T4DNA连接酶16益连接12h,并转化入感受态大肠杆菌DH5α.Eco R V/ Xba I双酶切鉴定载体是否含有目的片段,将阳性克隆质粒送上海生工测序.

Table1PCR primers

Gene Forward primers sequence Reverse primers squence

clone-Runx2ATCGGATATCGCCACCATGGACTACAAGGACG ATCGTCTAGATCAATATGGCCGCCAAACAGAC ACGACGACAAGATGGCGTCAAACAGCCTCTTC

Q-Runx2AGGCAGTTCCCAAGCATTTC GATATGGAGTGCTGCTGGTC

ALP CCAGCAGGCTTACCAAGAAG TTTATCGCACAAAGGGAACA

Colla1GCACGAGTCACACCGGAAC CCAATGTCCAAGGGAGCCAC

Osteocalcin CCGGGAGCAGTGTGAGCTTA AGGCGGTCTTCAAGCCATACT

18s-rRNA CCTGGATACCGCAGCTAGGA GCGGCGCAATACGAATGCCCC

1.2.3细胞转染根据Lipofectamine2000转染试剂说明书进行操作.先进行第1轮转染,将pTet-on 质粒转染C2C12细胞(设空白对照),24h后传代,48h后将培养基换成含400μg/ml G418培养基进行筛选培养,2周后挑取细胞克隆,并瞬时转染pTRE-luc-vector,每种重组子平行导入3孔细胞,行强力霉素(Doxycycline,DOX)诱导(设未诱导为对照组),培养48h后收集细胞,荧光素酶检测,每组实验重复2次.选取C2C12/Tet进行第2轮转染,将质粒pTRE-Flag-Runx2和pTRE分别转染C2C12/Tet 细胞,24h后传代,48h后将培养基换成含200μg/ ml潮霉素培养基进行筛选培养,2周后抽提细胞RNA,逆转录后实时定量PCR检测Runx2基因表达,筛选细胞克隆C2C12/Tet/pTRE-Flag-Runx2.

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中国生物化学与分子生物学报第26卷

1.2.4

萤光素酶检测收集各组C2C12/Tet 细胞

(诱导组、未诱导组及空白组),荧光素酶检测按Promega 双报告检测试剂盒提供的方法操作,各孔

细胞导入效率用海肾荧光素酶(renilla luciferase )活

性校正,所得数值为萤火虫荧光素酶活性(Firefly luciferase activity ,FLA )与海肾荧光素酶活性(Renilla luciferase activity ,RLA )的比值.1.2.5

Dox 诱导浓度的确定

将阳性C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2细胞,分别以0μg /ml 、

1μg /ml 、2μg /ml 、

4μg /ml 、6μg /ml 、8μg /ml 、10μg /ml 、12μg /ml 、14μg /ml 浓度的Dox 诱导48h 后,行Western 印迹、实时定量PCR 检测Runx2表达.

1.2.6Dox 诱导时间的确定将阳性C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2细胞,以上述1.2.4确定后的最佳

浓度Dox 诱导,分别于0,1,3,6,12,24,48,72h 时间点收集细胞,行Western 印迹、实时定量PCR 检测

Runx2表达.1.2.7

定量RT-PCR Dox 诱导后,收集适量细胞,用PBS 清洗,

Trizol 抽提RNA ,M-MLV 进行逆转录,42益反应30min ,逆转录引物采用Oligo dT 与Random Hexamer ,实时定量PCR 反应体系:2伊PCR premix 10μl ,

10μmol /L 引物0.8μl ,cDNA 1μl ,H 2O 补平20μl ;反应条件:95益10min ,95益15s ,60益60s ,读板,共50个循环;融解曲线分析:温度55 95益,每min 读1次.每个样品设置3个复孔.1.2.8

免疫印迹Dox 诱导后收集适量细胞提取

细胞蛋白,

考马斯亮蓝法定量,裂解后行SDS-PAGE ,转移至PVDF 膜,

5%脱脂奶粉封闭,4益过夜,一抗孵育过夜,用TBS-T 洗膜3次,每次10min ,二抗孵育1h ,TBS-T 洗膜3次,每次10min.加入检

测混合物,曝光、显影、定影.抗β-actin 抗体作为内对照.

1.2.9

C2C12细胞成骨分化实验将C2C12,

C2C12/Tet /pTRE ,C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2三

组细胞按每孔1伊104

个细胞接种于24孔板内,每

孔用含10μg /ml Dox 的100μl 培养基进行诱导培

养,每组做3个平行孔,分别于3d 、30d 后,经ALP 染色或茜素红染色,晾干观察其成骨分化能力.ALP

染色:95%乙醇固定10min ,晾干,底液孵育,37益,4h ,1%硝酸钴作用2min ,冲洗1 2min ,1%硫酸铵作用1min ,水洗5min ,晾干后镜下观察.茜素红

染色:细胞用PBS 洗2遍,

95%乙醇固定10min ,0.2茜素红作用水洗遍晾干后镜下

观察.

1.2.10

统计学处理应用SPSS13.0统计软件行

单因素方差分析及q 检验,

检验水准α=0.05.2

结果

2.1

质粒构建的鉴定

以pcDNA3.1(+)-Runx2重组质粒DNA 为模板,PCR 扩增Runx2基因阅读框序列,包含Flag 标

签序列,插入pTRE 载体,得到pTRE-Flag-Runx2重组质粒,经Eco R Ⅴ/Xba Ⅰ双酶切后,可得到1547bp 目的片段(Fig.1),经测序,发现与GenBank 报道

序列完全一致.

Fig.1

Analysis of PCR product of Runx2gene and

identification of recombinant plasmid

The target

gene was amplified by PCR ,and the recombinant plasmid was digested by Eco R Ⅴ/Xba Ⅰ.pTRE was expression vector ,Flag-Runx2was target gene.(A )M :DL5000DNA marker ;1:PCR products of Runx2gene ;(B )M :DL2000DNA marker ;2 7:2 7positive clones ,respectively

2.2C2C12/Tet 阳性细胞克隆的鉴定

经G418筛选,DOX 诱导48h 后,挑取阳性克

隆细胞系11个,萤光素酶检测各组细胞的荧光活性.结果显示,所挑取的克隆中诱导组细胞荧光活性(FLA /RLA 比值表示)均高于对照组(未诱导组和空白组)(Fig.2),差异有统计学意义(P <0.05).

其中细胞克隆3,9和10表达较高,因此被选择进行后续实验.

2.3C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-RUNX2阳性细胞克隆的鉴定

潮霉素筛选后,挑取阳性克隆9个,经Dox 诱导(未诱导组为对照),实时荧光定量PCR 检测Runx 2基因的表达.结果显示,所挑取的克隆诱导后均高表达,未诱导组无表达,差异显著(P <0.05)(Fig.3).其中细胞克隆6表达较高,被选择进行后续实验.

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第3期李萍等:过表达Runx2促进C2C12

细胞成骨分化Fig.2Detection of firefly luciferase activity to select

positive clones

After treated with DOX on 2days ,

Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System was used to measure the relative luciferase activity level between C2C12and C2C12/Tet cells treated with or without DOX.The clone cell line 10is useful for the next experiment.White columns represent without DOX treatment and blank ,respectively ,shade columns represent treated with DOX.Data represent means 依

SD

Fig.3

Detection of Runx2expression treated and

untreated with DOX

After treated with DOX (4μg /

ml )for 48hours ,total RNA of C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells were extracted ,and the mRNA expression of Runx2was detected by quantitative RT-PCR.The clone cell line 6is useful for the next experiment.White columns represent treated without DOX as control ,shade columns represent treated with DOX.The transcription level was calculated by comparison with 18S rRNA.Data represent means 依

SD 2.4Dox 最佳诱导浓度的确定

阳性克隆细胞6以不同浓度Dox 诱导后,实时荧光定量PCR 检测Runx2基因的表达,并提取细胞蛋白进行Western 印迹分析.结果显示,采用10μg /ml DOX 诱导时,表达量最高(Fig.4).因此,Dox 最佳诱导浓度为10μg /ml.

2.5Dox 最佳诱导时间的确定

6号阳性克隆细胞以10μg /ml DOX 诱导后,分

Fig.4

Analysis of Runx2expression with different

concentration of DOX treatment

(A )Quantitative

RT-PCR assay was used to measure the relative transcription level of Runx2between C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells treated (2,4,6,8,10,12,14μg /ml )and untreated (0μg /ml )

with DOX.

white and shade columns represent

untreated and treated with DOX ,respectively.

The

transcription level is calculated by comparison with 18S rRNA.Data represent means 依SD.(B )Analysis of Runx2protein abundance was used by Western blot ,

which cells were treated with different concentration of DOX.Upper lines represented Runx2protein ,the same blot was reprobed for β-actin as internal control

别于0,1,3,6,12,24,48,72h 收集细胞,实时荧光

定量PCR 检测Runx 2基因的表达,并提取细胞蛋白进行Western 印迹分析.结果显示,

DOX 诱导12h 时表达量最高(Fig.5).因此,

Dox 的最佳诱导时间为12h.

2.6Runx 2基因表达对C2C12细胞成骨分化能力影响

C2C12细胞成骨分化能力检测实验结果见下

图.由Fig.6可知,DOX 诱导12h 后,实时荧光定量PCR 检测Runx2及其它成骨相关因子碱性磷酸酶

(alkaline phosphatase ,ALP )、骨钙素(osteocalcin ,OC )、α1Ⅰ型胶原(alpha1type Ⅰcollagen ,COLLA1)的基因表达水平,诱导组较对照组(0h )均有高表达;DOX 诱导后,染色结果显示,C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2细胞与C2C12/Tet /pTRE 和空白C2C12组比较,有成骨分化能力,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05或0.01).表明Runx 2基因表达能够促进C2C12细胞成骨分化.

9

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中国生物化学与分子生物学报第26

Fig.5Detection of Runx2expression with DOX treatment in different time (A )Quantitative RT-PCR assay was

used to measure the relative transcription level of Runx 2between C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells treated (1,3,6,12,24,48,72hours )and untreated (0hour )with DOX.The transcription level is calculated by comparison with 18S rRNA.Data represent means 依

SD.(B )Analysis of Runx2protein abundance was used by Western blot ,which cells were treated with different concentration of DOX.Upper lines represent Runx2protein ,the same blot was reprobed for β-actin as internal

control

Fig.6Runx2induces osteocyte differentiation of C2C12cells (A )Quantitative RT-PCR assay was used to

measure the relative transcription level of Runx 2,ALP ,OC and COLLA 1between C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells treated (1,3,6,12,24,48,72hours )and untreated (0hours )with DOX.The transcription level is calculated by comparison with 18S rRNA.Data represent means 依SD.(B )After cells were treated with DOX for 3days ,The cells were stained by ALP.C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells were test group ,both C2C12/Tet /pTRE cells and C2C12cells were as negative control and blank control ,Upper plates (black )indicate osteocyte differentiation ,middle plates (white )represent negative control ,lower as blank control.(C )After cells were treated with DOX for 30days.The cells were stained by Alizarin red (AZR ).C2C12/Tet /pTRE-Flag-Runx2cells were test group.Upper plates (red )indicate osteocyte differentiation ,middle plates (white )represent negative control ,lower as blank control

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第3期李萍等:过表达Runx2促进C2C12细胞成骨分化

3讨论

Tet-on系统是20世纪90年代Bujard等人创建的一种利用原核调控元件在真核细胞中定量并特异地控制外源基因表达的体系[15].该系统具有调控严密,诱导效率好的特点[16],主要由质粒pTet-on和pTRE组成,其中pTet-on的巨细胞病毒(CMV)启动子可调控反式四环素控制的反式作用因子(reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator,rtTA)的表达,是系统的调控成分,pTRE是含有四环素反应元件(tetracycline-response element,TRE)、可插入外源基因的载体.在四环素及其衍生物强力霉素(Doxycycline,DOX)存在的条件下,rtTA可结合TRE 从而激活目的基因的表达,因此被认为是目前理想的真核基因表达调控系统模型.

Runx2为成骨特异性转录因子,研究表明,没有BMP-2诱导时,腺病毒载体过表达Runx2,骨髓基质细胞向成骨方向分化;干扰Runx2表达,髓间充质细胞(marrow stromal cells,MSCs)向成骨分化的作用减弱[17].Runx2-/-鼠颅盖细胞长时间培养,没有成骨表型,当BMP-2诱导时,也无成骨细胞,但出现软骨细胞[18].这说明Runx2在成骨细胞发育、分化和骨形成过程中起着至关重要的作用,但是其作用分子机制研究得并不透彻.本课题拟运用Tet-on系统,高效调控Runx2基因表达于C2C12细胞系,为深入研究其机制打下基础.Runx2-typeⅠ主要在成骨分化早期发挥作用,Runx2-typeⅡ主要在成骨细胞分化终末期起作用[19],前期实验表明,Runx2-typeⅡ对成骨分化作用更重要,因此,被选为Tet-on诱导对象.C2C12细胞是小鼠前成肌细胞,属于多能间质细胞,具有潜在的成骨分化能力,因此被选为靶细胞.

本研究成功构建了以Dox诱导的Tet调控的Runx2表达细胞模型,即C2C12/Tet/pTRE-Flag-Runx2.在不同浓度Dox诱导下,能有效调控Runx2基因的表达水平.随着Dox诱导浓度的升高,Runx2表达量相应升高,呈现剂量依赖效应,当Dox的浓度大于10μg/ml时,Runx2的表达量不再随着Dox浓度的升高而升高,表明Dox的最佳诱导浓度为10μg/ml.随着诱导时间的推移,Runx2的表达在12h 达到最高,24h有所下降,48h后显著下降,表明Dox的最佳诱导时间为12h.C2C12细胞成骨分化实验表明,随着Dox诱导Runx2的表达变化,A LP、O C和C OLLA1的基因表达也发生相应变化,同时钙钴法染色及茜素红染色结果显示诱导组细胞呈阳性,说明Runx2可以促进C2C12细胞向成骨方向分化.而关于其具体机制有待进一步研究.

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