新视野大学英语II(强化练习)

单元练习

Unit One

Part I V ocabulary

Section A

Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or that best explains the

underlined part.

1.I'm afraid I can't ______ you on the point you've been talking about for so

long.

A) talk with B)go with C)agree D) match

2.I have no money to spend, ______ you have nothing to spend money on.

A) whereas B) whereupon C) although D) where

3.Professor Wheelock is a learned scholar, I should say. But I really find it

difficult to understand his books, ______ is lectures.

A) much more B) much less C) even less D) still less

4.I didn't even find a chance to talk to him at the dinner party, ______ to dir,

cuss your problem with him.

A) much more B) many more C) much less D) more than

5.In discussing the marketing strategy for the coming year, I should like to

draw every-body's attention to the fact that retailing ______ 68 percent of our profit this year.

A) charges for B) results in C) brings about D) accounts for

6.______ the obscure nature of the charge against me, I feel sure that if I had

come from a poor family and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty.

A) Given that B) Provided that C) Given D) Provided with

7.I sincerely hope that you will not take my negative remarks about your

proposal ______. There is nothing personal in my comment.

A) personally B) privately C) in person D) in private

8.It's still impossible to ______ the full value of this invention, which is not

only financial but also intellectual.

A) access B) assess C)asset D) assume

9.By allowing tax deduction that favors small and medium-sized private

enterprises, the government hopes to ______ the current crisis in the employment market.

A) alleviate B) accelerate C) strengthen D) recover

10.Divorce is not necessarily the best solution when a couple learning to ______

each other find difficulty in doing so.

A) cope with B) go through C) compete with D) adjust to

11.I venture to say that the present over-heated economy is nothing but a ______

of the loss of control of the government over domestic situation.

A) symbol B) sample C) symptom D) signal

12.Anything would be ______ to having her with us for the whole week!

A) advisable B) preferable C) desirable D) favorable

13.Over the past five years, tension has been building up to an open ______

between the two countries, and a war seems to be an inevitable result ff either of them goes a step further.

A) hostility B) distinction C) acquisition D ) hospitality

14.The country's quick ______ from the effects of the war was partly due to a

favorable climate of the world economy.

A) recovery B) discovery C) consequence D) isolation

15.He has considerable difficulty even in memorizing facts that are ______

every school-boy.

A) familiar with B) familiar to C) abundant in D) compared to

16.Juding from his response to the stress, I don't think he has fully appreciated

the dangerous situation he's in.

A) be thankful to B)understand and enjoy

C) increase in value D) understand fully

17.It is not how much you read but what you read that really counts.

A) be important B) consider; regard

C) say the numbers in order D) include

18.To our great amazement, we have been hearing favorable accounts of your

work here from both your colleagues and your subordinates.

A) giving or showing agreement B) helpful; advantageous

C) most liked D) kind and generous

19.Social workers note that the distinctions of birth are less important than they

used to be.

A) special element or unique quality B) difference or contrast

C) quality of excellence D)special mark or honor

20.The ritual household duties are always considered a dreary grind, for efforts

in these are generally not appreciated.

A) conventional B) habitual C) regular D ) routine Section B

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

recognition go with desirable account for fulfill increasingly

distress acquisition conduct competent replace mechanism 1. A great leap forward in the ______________ of human knowledge occurred

with the invention of movable type in the fifteenth century by Gutenberg and others.

2.The man charged with murder couldn't ______________ the fact that he

happened to be at the scene of the crime.

3.Our company was in great financial ________________ when a generous

loan from the bank brought it through.

4.In this article, the author tries to awaken people to the _______________ of

the potential danger of an over-heated economy.

5.We all think that he should have been satisfied, having ________________ so

many of his child-hood dreams.

6.I have come to realize that every right ________________ it corresponding

responsibilities.

7.People are becoming __________ aware of the urgency and significance of

protecting our natural environment.

8.We are ______________ a survey into people's reactions to the new policy of

the local government.

9.We'll have to ____________ you if you fail to prove yourself ____________

for this position, regardless of where and how you came here.

10. A master's degree is ______________ but not essential for this job.

Part II Structure

Directions: For each of the following incomplete sentences, there are four choices marked A ), B), C), and D). Choose the answer that best completes the

sentence.

1.There's no comparison between them, one ______ clearly much better than

the other.

A) being B)was C)be D) having been

2.______, we must remain cheerfifl.

A) What may come B) May what come C) Come what may D) Come whatever may

3. The brave soldier would ______ yield to such an enemy.

A)as soon die as B)sooner die than

C) as sooner die than D) soon die as much

4. By 1990, Australia had ______ than it had people.

A)15 times sheep B) 15 times more sheep

C) 15 more times sheep D) 15 times sheep more

5. ______ fairly recently that this problem was solved, at least partially.

A) Until B) Not until C) It was until D) It was not until

6.It is reported that ______ adopted children want to know who their natural parents

are.

A) the most B) most of C) most D) the most

7. We must save ______ money before we can think of buying a new house.

A)more very much B)very more much C)much very more D)very much more

8. ______ right now, she would get the re on Sunday.

A) Would she leave B) If she leaves

C) Were she to leave D) If she had left

9. The plant is dead. I ______ it more water.

A) will give B) would have given

C) must give D) should have given

10. ______ more attention, the flowers could have grown better.

A) Given B ) To give C ) Giving D) Having given

11. Responsibility goes ______ becoming a father.

A)for B)with C)on D)aRer

12. His success is entirely ______ to hard work.

A) due B) attribute C ) owe D) go

13. I can't attend the meeting ______, but I'm sending someone to speak for me.

A) in the person B ) in person C ) personal D) personable 14. The defendant couldn't ______ the fact that the money was found in his house.

A) on his own account B) account for

C) on account of D) by all accounts

15. Hex account of the breakdown of her marriage was a familiar story ______ the psychiatrist.

A) with B) to C) on D) for

16. The court is not ______ hear your case.

A) competent for B) competent to C) capable of D) able to

17. I could see that my wife was ______ having that fur coat, whether I approved of it or not.

A) intent on B) adequate for C ) short of D) deficient in

18. Each year in the United States, many black teenagers ______ of school, either be-

cause they cannot keep up or they have to work to support their families.

A) go out B) check out C) drop out D) pull out

19. The train is late, and I can do nothing but ______.

A) wait B) waiting C) await D)to wait

20. Tim cannot but ______ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in

doing the project.

A)to ask B)ask C) asking D) asked

Part III Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by some quests, each with four suggested choices. Choose the one you think is the answer. Passage 1

The term "culture shock" has already begun to creep into the popular vocabulary. Culture shock is the effect that immersion in a strange culture has on the unprepared visitor Culture shock is what happens when a traveler suddenly finds himself in a place where yes may mean no, where a "fixed price" is negotiable, where to be kept waiting in an outer office for insult, where laughter may signify anger. It is what happens when the familiar psychological cues that help an individual to function in society are suddenly withdrawn and replaced by new ones that are strange or incomprehensible.

The culture shock phenomenon accounts for much of the bewilderment, frustration, and disorientation that plagues American in their dealings with other societies. It causes a breakdown in communication, a misreading of reality, an inability to cope. Yet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the much more serious malady, future shock. Future shock is the dizzying disorientation brought on by the premature arrival of the future. It may well be the most important disease of tomorrow.

Take an individual out of his own culture and set him down suddenly in an environment sharply different from his own, with a different set of cues to react to---different conceptions of time, space, work, love, religion, sex and everything else--than cut him off from any hope of retreat to a more familiar social landscape, and the dislocation he suffers is doubly severe. Moreover, if this new culture is itself in constant turmoil, and if--worse yet--its values are incessantly changing, the sense of disorientation will be still further intensified. Given few cues as to what

kind of behavior is rational under the radically new circumstances, the victim may well become a hazard to himself and others.

Now imagine not merely an individual but an entire society, an entire generation--including its weakest, least intelligent, and most irrational members-suddenly transported into this new world. The result is mass disorientation, future shock on a grand scale.

This is the prospect that man now faces. Change is avalanching upon our heads and most people are absurdly unprepared to cope with it.

1. Culture shock occurs ______.

A)where one can conduct negotiations for goods, of fixed prices

B)where people express ideas and emotions contrary to what they intend to express

C)when value standards are so different that one is unable to make his own judgment

D)when one loses all hope of returning to his home environment

2. One thing that is in common between "culture shock" and "future shock" is the ______.

A)constant turmoil of the new culture itself

B) absence of a popular vocabulary

C) constant and radical changes

D) bewilderment and frustration of the victims

3. It seems that one good measure to prevent future shock is for people to ______.

A)cherish more hope for the future

B)replace conventional ideas with modem ones

C) try to undersold what is happening and prepare for the changes

D)take a closer look at how people in other cultures behave

4. This passage was probably written to ______.

A)warn people today against what may happen tomorrow

B)prepare travelers for the unfamiliar environments

C) help psychologists understand certain irrational behavior better

D)enable sociologists to predict more accurately what will happen to mankind

5. In the author's opinion, "culture shock" is ______.

A)the product of some future society

B)the effect of a new culture on an unprepared visitor

C) a term incomprehensive in the popular vocabulary

D) a serous social malady in the fast changing society

Passage 2

When dining in restaurants, Americans usually order drinks first, then soup, salad, main course or entree, and dessert at last. This is somewhat a different order way from that in Europe.

Until about the middle of the nineteenth century, Americans didn't have to worry about whether the salad came before or after the main course since they didn't eat salad at all. Chomping on greens was once considered sissy, and Americans preferred to get their greens indirectly, after they had been processed by rabbits or deer. The shift of public taste toward the salad may be attributed to New York's Delmonico brothers, who originally introduced smorgasbord from Europe, and served it in their restaurant. Such novelties became so popular that by the end of the nineteenth century, the Waldorf salad has swept the country.

Europeans still chomp on greens after the main course, as a way of cleaning the palate, and being ready for the cheese. Why Americans eat their salad first is uncertain. The following joking suggestions might make sense: the custom may be related to the slimming craze, for "salad first" may fill you up without any worry about fattening; to avoid customers' impatience with waiting, the restaurant serves salad first to keep them busy while the main courses are being prepared; eating raw food while one is waiting for the cooked food may be a way of announcing that one is not wasting time, which is seen as a virtue; or probably unfair to the restaurant, this custom has been encouraged by the merchant as a trick--the meagreness of a meal is less noticeable if it comes aft ex "flee" salad--after all, rabbit food is much cheaper than the rabbit.

1. In American restaurants, people are usually served in the order of ______.

A) soup, salad, main course, 'drinks and dessert

B) drinks, salad, main course, soup and dessert

C) drinks, soup, salad, main course and dessert

D) drinks, soup, main course, salad and dessert

2. Before the middle of the nineteenth century, ______.

A) Americans ate the salad before the main course

B) Americans ate the salad after the main course

C) Americans ate the salad either before or after the main course

D) Americans didn't eat the salad at all

3. The sentence "Americans preferred to get their greens indirectly, after they had

been processed by rabbits or deer" (Line 3, Para. 2) means

A) Americans preferred to eat vegetables cooked with rabbits or deer

B) Americans preferred vegetables digested by rabbits or deer

C) Americans preferred meat to vegetables

D) Americans preferred vegetables to meat

4. In the last sentence of the passage, "rabbit food" refers to ______.

A) the salad B) food made of rabbit meat

C)junk food D)food prepared for the rabbit

5. Which of the following statements is true?

A) Salad first appeared in America, and then was introduced to Europe.

B)The American tradition of eating salad before the main course was formed

mainly for the sake of health.

C) In less than fifty years, salad became popular throughout the United States.

D) Serving salad before the entree by the restaurants is a way of cheating the diners.

Passage 3

"America is a big melting pot." This is almost the only thing I can remember from the course "American Society and Culture" I took at college. Now, even though over a decade has passed, the definition our teacher gave is still clearly written in my mind: the melting pot here means that people with different cultural and ethnical backgrounds immigrate to the State, live together, get mixed and build up this wonderful culture that we call American culture today.

The first time I came to America on a business trip, I visited New York City. There, walking along the famous 5th Avenue, I was simply excited. Surrounded by this huge sea of people from all over the world, I felt at ease with them, with myself and most of all with the world I was in. I did not feel I was a stronger or a tourist from another land; I just was part of it.

The concept of a melting pot was further engraved in my mind when I applied to the businessed school. All the schools I applied to stressed that they had a great diverse student body and how this diversity would enhance the quality of education. And every one of them had an essay question on diversity. I was excited because after all I would soon become a member of that diverse student body.

When I came to the school, things disappointed me. Yes, we did have a diverse student body, almost 40 percent of which was made up of international students. However, they were not integrated with native Americans. Asians always hang out with Asians, blacks with blacks, Spanish with Spanish. They could be in the same study group or the same class or go to the same restaurant, but rarely could they become great friends. This phenomenon was neither due to the barrier of language, nor due to different personalities. The bottom line has always been culture.

I still remember the first few parties for the Asian students to which many Americans were also invited. Those who showed up soon left since they could not join our chat about great food, nor could they enjoy the stir-flied food we made. I was also invited by American students to go to bars. But I could never bring myself to enjoy drinking in that noisy place and talking as loudly as they did. So after making some initiatives, each party realized that they did not have many things in common beyond the necessary group work. They remained just nodding acquaintances.

Diversity is beneficial to the learning environment. However, it is necessary for people in this environment to be open and receptive to firings, which are different from theirs. But this is the most challenging task to accomplish. Some of my friends, even after graduating from the top schools and working very successfully in some famous companies or universities, still feel like outsiders to American culture. This is perhaps because as minorities they know much more of American culture than the mainstream Americans know of other cultures. This imbalance and almost one-way garlic in understanding is surely another side of the melting pot. We will never get to know about this unless we are really in it.

1. When the author first visited New York City, he did not feel nervous because ______.

A)American people were so kind and hospitable

B)them were many tourists from other countries

C)many American people came from different areas

D) American people never thought he was a foreigner

2. In the business school, it disappointed the author that ______.

A) it was hard for him to find a great friend in the school

B) there were only 40 percent diverse students in the school

C) most diverse students were not native Americans

D) it was hard for him to integrate with native Americans

3. From the fifth paragraph, we can infer that ______.

A)most American students didn't want to attend Asian students' parties

B) both American and Asian students tried to integrate with each other

C)most native American students thought Chinese food was delicious

D) most Asian students wanted to do group work with American students

4. From this passage, the author wants to tell us ______.

A) the diverse students in America B) the concept of a melting pot

C) America is a big melting pot D) America is not a melting pot

5. The purpose of writing this passage is to

A) inform B) criticize C) persuade D) entertain

Passage 4

To talk about problem-solving within a national environment means examining many complex cultural forces. It means trying to measure the 'impact of these forces on contemporary life, and also coming to grip with changes now taking place.

For example, the concept of professional identity differs markedly between the U. S. and Japan. In the west, the emphasis is on what a man or a woman does for a 'living. In Japan the most important thing is what organization you work for. This becomes significant when you want to analyze the decision-taking or decision-making process.

While we differ in many ways, such differences are neither superior nor inferior to each other. A particular pattern of management behavior develops from a complexity of unique cultural factors---and will only work in a given culture.

A characteristic is based on "census opinion" and "bottom-up direction". In Japan consideration is given to and reliance placed on the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. To understand this, it is important to realize that Japan is a densely populated homogeneous country. Moreover, the people are aware and articulate. Literacy is almost 100 percent. Problems are shared.

This brings us the second part of this characteristic. The term "bottom-up" refers to a style of management--perhaps what you would call keeping your finger on the impulse of the public. The difference is that in Japan we record the impulse and it has a real meaning. It influences the direction finally taken at the top regarding a specific important issue. In other words, western style of decision-making process comes predominantly from top management and often does not consult the middle management or the workers, while in Japan the direction can be formulated at the lowest level, travel upward through an organization, and have an impact on the final decision.

This places time as a different perspective. In Japan the western deadline is secondary to a thorough job. Thus Americans are often exasperated by seemingly endless meetings of the Japanese. But where the Americans are pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese are trying to formulate a rather broad direction.

l .When we compare difference between concepts, we should take into consideration all the following EXCEPT ______.

A) cultural force

B)preference for harmony or confrontation

C)cultural force on contrary life

D)changes taking place in life

2.According to the author, that ordinary Japanese employees have impact on decision-making is connected with ______.

A) Japanese dense population and excellent population

B) its emphasis on the organization one works for

C) its tradition of avoiding professional identity

D) its avoidance of confrontation whenever possible

3. What does the phrase "to keep your finger on the impulse of the public" mean?

A)to find what is wrong with the public

B) to know the feeling of a group of people

C) to understand and take appropriate actions

D) to find out if the public approve of a decision

4. Which of the following is a typical American practice?

A)The middle management or workers are consulted when a decision is to be made.

B) A person likes to have a stable job.

C)A decision is made at the top management.

D) Several weeks of meetings pass before a decision is made.

5. What can we infer from the passage?

A)Japanese employees stay at work until the decision has been made.

B) It is difficult for Japanese pattern of management to work in an American company.

C) In Japan, one's position in company defines his professional identity.

D)The Americans seem to lack concern for the deadline.

Part IV Cloze

Directions:Each blank in the following passage is provided with four possible choices. Read the whole passage and choose the answer for each blank.

Promptness is important in American business, academic and social settings. The importance of punctuality is taught to young children in school. The use of bells 1 to the child that punctuality and time itself are to be 2 .

People who 3 appointments are considered 4 . If people are late to job inter-views, appointments or classes, they are often viewed as unreliable and irresponsible. In the business world, "time is money" and companies may fine their 5 for being late to business meetings. Of course, it is not always possible to be punctual. Social and business etiquette also provide 6 for late arrivals. Calling on the telephone if one is going to be more than a few minutes late for 7 appointments is considered polite and is often expected. Keeping a friend waiting.

8 ten or twenty minutes is considered rude. On the other hand, arriving thirty minutes late to some parties is 9 .

Respecting deadlines is also important in academic and professional 10 . It is expected that deadlines for class 11 or business reports will be met. Students who hand 12 assignments late may be 13 to find that the professor will lower their 14 or even refuse to grade their work. Whether it is a question of arriving on time or of meeting a deadline, people are culturally 15 to regulate time.

1.A) symbolize B) signal C) sign

D) reflect

2. A ) awed B) loved C) respected

D) devoted

3.A) do B) leave C) make

D) keep

4.A)dependable B) independent C) dependent

D) independable

5.A) executives B ) leaders C)chiefs D)

presidents

6.A) rules B) theories C) orders

D) laws

7.A) program B ) plan C) schedule D)

project

8.A) past B) more C) beyond

D) about

9.A) acceptable B) available C) accessible

D) adaptable

10.A) circles B) grounds C) fields

D) rounds

11.A) works B) duties C) assigtnments D)

responsibilities

12.A) out B) over C) from D) in

13.A) astonished B) surprised C) astounded D)

amazed

14.A) figures B) levels C) numbers D)

grades

15.A) restricted B) conditioned C) surrounded

D) termed

Section B

Directions: There are ten blanks in the following passage. Fill in the blanks with suitable from the list given below. Change the form where necessary.

convention normally frankness grateful suggest attempt

excitement interaction concern culture whereas stability

Different cultures have decidedly varying attitudes and practices in relation to how much emotion and animation an individual should display in a communication situation. The northern European and North American 1 to control and suppress their emotions greatly. This is based on the 2 promise that this shows forty, disciplined behavior, arid emotional 3 . On the other hand, this behavior is viewed by others, such as the Russians, Mediterranean peoples, and Latin Americans, as lacking in 4 , friendliness, and sincerity, as hiding something and as 5 an air of superiority. Many foreigners misinterpret Americans' lack of 6 in conversation or public speaking as a lack of interest or 7 .

However, quite the reverse is true in a gift exchanging situation. Some Asians

and South Americans do not 8 show gratitude for a gift and do not open it in the presence of the giver, 9 Americans tend to express gratitude profusely and open the gift immediately in tile presence of the giver. This communicates that the recipient is so 10 that he can hardly wait to open it.

Part V Translation

Section A

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.She looks at me as though I were a total stranger, or to be more exact perhaps,

a hateful enemy.

2.The body burned beyond recognition in the explosion was finally identified

by the gold fillings in his teeth.

3.I’d rather you had phoned me about all this to save yourself from such a long

journey.

4.Hardly has anybody wondered what parents will do without TV, the

electronic babysitter.

5.There has been absolutely no rain for the last two months; consequently, we

are in an acute lack of water.

Section B

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.

1.认识到有那么多的问题超出他的智力水平使他感到十分沮丧。

（recognition, depress, beyond one’s reach）

2.使我们吃惊的是，他没费吹灰之力就完成了那项似乎不可能的任务。

（have no difficulty doing, fulfill）

3.对于我刚才跟你讲的话，我希望你什么也不要告诉他。（would rather）

4.他是个“妻管严”（hen-pecked），每花一分钱都得向他妻子解释清楚。

（account for）

5.考虑到他们毫无经验可言，他们的工作完成得算是很令人满意了。

（given）

Part VI Guided Writing

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition entitled "The Valuable

Time" You ate given the first sentence of each paragraph and required to de-

velop its 'idea in complete paragraph in about 120 Words.

1.Time is valuable for everyone.

2.Some other people regard time valueless.

3.The golden age of the young is the peak of their lifetime.

Unit Two

Part I Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or that best explains the

underlined part.

1. In the scientific spirit, a single verifiable experiment outweighs any authority, reputation or the number of followers and advocates.

A)in spite of B)regardless of C)in terms of D)despite

2.At the dinner party last night, a heated discussion _____ as to whether men were braver than women.

A)sprung up B)jumped up C)sprung out D)sprang up

3. He made an ______ attempt to climb the dangerous mountain single-handed, but soon found it impractical for anyone alone.

A) ambitious B) ambiguous C ) abundant D) extensive

4. The American culture is known for its tolerance towards a great ______ of

beliefs, norms and values.

A) difference B) diversity C) division D) distribution

5. The newly established government refused m give up its foreign policy of

nonalignment ven ______ the United States.

A) under pressure from B) under the impression of

C)in the pressure of D) in the possession of

6. Eventually, he managed to persuade a group of San Francisco businessmen to

______ the building of a new public school system.

A) finance B) provide C) undertake D) preserve

7. Thomas Jefferson pointed out more than two hundred years ago that ______, not

tm- questioning agreement, is the real source of freedom 'and strength for a nation.

A) clash B) opposition C ) conflict D)

8. Despite the personal participation of the President, opinions remained divided

among top military officials ______ the feasibility of a surprise attack at the terrorists' base camp.

A) as for B)in relation to C)but for D)as to

9. It is still too early to anticipate what ______ his new theory will have ______ the

development of biochemistry study.

A) influence.., for B) effect.., on C) impression.., on D) impact.., upon

10. He was for many years the ______ of strong criticism, but he never bothered to

answer his critics in public.

A) target B) purpose C) aim D) objective

11. The room smells of stale air; it must have been ______ for a long time.

A) empty B) vacant C) bare D) blank

12. Often cheerful ______ and sad ______, Mr. Johnston is really one of the

mysterious figures I find hard to understand.

A) in public.., in person B) in companion.., in private

C) in company.., in private D) in company.., in person

13. It is possible to resolve the acute problem of environmental pollution if all sides

concerned will ______ their efforts with a down-to-earth approach.

A) cooperate B ) corporate C ) coordinate D) correspond

14. The new system is implemented to ensure that people doing ______ jobs

receive ______ of pay.

A) comparable.., comparative B) comparative.., compartive

D ) comparative ... comparable D) comparable.., comparable

15.Many contemporary writers have noted that it is more and more difficult to keep

up with the radical changes that _______ our time.

A) represent B ) characterize C) concern D ) sponsor

16. Ben Johnson of Canada was stripped of his gold medal for men's 100-meter

dash won at the 24th Olympic Games because he was found to have taken stimulants before the race.

A) was taken off B) was replaced C) was deprived of D) was accused of

17. You have to admit that literally nothing has been done on the improvement of

efficiency ever since you took over the business.

A)practically B) faithful to the word meaning

C) word for word D) consequently

18. Asked why he chose to remain single, he said that he didn't want any commitment.

A) the act of putting someone in prison

B)loyalty

C)promise to follow a certain course of action

D) responsibility

19. The steady improvement of people's living conditions is one of the major

concerns of the local government at present.

A) a serious care or interest B) a company or business

C) a matter of interest or importance D) worry or anxiety

20. According to Freud, we return in our dreams to the mode of tho ought

characteristic of arly childhood.

A) worthy of B) typical of C) in terms of D) composed of

Section B

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below Change the form where necessary .

seek to target initiative sponsor finance distinction

impact undertake ecological work on strengthen strip.., of

1.As scheduled, the council will _____________ a survey of local people's

attitudes towards the proposed reform program next week.

2.The main strength of these songs lies in their emotional _______________

rather than in the in- formation conveyed.

3.As a dictator, Mussolini made the fatal mistake of ________________ make

a martial, imperial Great Power out of a country which lacks the industrial

resources to become one.

4.At the convention on the night of July 24-25, 1943, Mussolini, for the first

time in his career as dictator, found himself the ____________ of violent criticism for the disaster into which he led the country. 5.We can never be satisfied as long as our children are ______________ their

selfhood and robbed of their dignity by signs stating "For Whites Only".

6.Except for people with unusual ____________, it is fairly agreeable to be

told what to do at each hour of the day, provided that the orders are not too unpleasant.

7.It was pointed out that in the controversy over saccharin (糖精), all the

studies ______________ by the sugar industry found that the artificial sweetener was unsafe, while all the studies _______________ by the diet food industry found nothing wrong with saccharin.

8.Even though Queen Isabella knew Columbus' idea of a round earth was only

theoretical, she agreed to ______________ his voyage which helped prove that the earth is indeed round.

9.The whole industrial process which makes ninny of the goods and machines

we need and use in our daily lives, is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ___________ balance as it is also known.

10.Much of what you read about running makes a sharp ____________ between

the sexes. Women are assumed to be weaker, slower and not nearly as skilled athletically.

Part II Structure

Directions: For each of the following incomplete sentence, there are four choices marked A ) , B ) , C) , and D ). Choose the answer that best completes

the sentence.

1. He would become irritated if he watched the mail ______ on his table every day.

A)to pile up B)pile up C)to be put up D)putting up

2. "He's hungry, and he wants to eat this bread. ""What! It is not good ______."

A) to eat B)to be eaten C)eating D)for eating

3. ______ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a master's degree.

A) To become B) Become C) One becomes D) On becoming

4. As a public relations officer, he is said ______ some very influential people.

A) to know B) to be knowing

C) to have been knowing D) to have known

5. I have heard both teachers and students ______ well of him.

A) to speak B)spoken C)to have spoken D)speak

6. In her mind's eye, Peter was ______ than his elder brother.

A) more of a businessman B)a businessman more

C) a more businessman D) more businessman

7. A given event will be described in several ways by ______ witnesses.

A) many B)as many C)so many D)same many

8. I was advised ______ write the hotel for reservations.

A)to either telephone or to B)either to telephone or to

C)that I should telephone or to D) I ought either to telephone or

9. There was no point ______ out until the storm had really stopped.

A) in going B) by going C) of going D) to go

10. The human body is composed of organs, each ______ a definite job to do.

A)has B) having C)to have D)had

11. Mr. Morgan can be very sad ______, though in public he is extremely cheerful.

A) by himself B) in person C)in private D) as individual

12. By the time the talk is over, we ______ a lot about aeroplanes.

A)shall be learning B)are learning

C)shall learn D)shall have learnt

13. ______ would welcome such a chance.

A)Many man B) A many man C) Many a man D) Many a men

14. It is generally thought to be of importance to a man that he ______ himself.

A) knew B ) know C ) knows D ) must know

15. The meeting had to be ______ since they couldn't reach an agreement on the problem.

A) broken off B) broken out C) broken down D) broken away

16. After being in debt for three years, the company must aim ______ increasing

production this year.

A)to B)on C) after D)at

17. Mary wants to go to the United States by herself for the holiday, but her parents frown

______ this idea.

A)on B)for C)to D)after

18. Though I had only $10 with me when I crone across the book advised by my

teacher at the bookstore, I bought it without delay, regardless ______ the cost.

A)off B)of C)on D)to

19. The editor told them that if they could cut the story ______ more than one third,

he would take it.

A) in B) out C) down D) across

20. The scientists are still working ______ inventing new methods of reaching outer space.

A)up B)at C)out D)off

Part III Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by some questions, each with four suggested choices. Choose the one you think is the answer. Passage 1

Greenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to mart with the proof of this idea. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment is the first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of greenspace in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within tile scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely' the recreative function of greenspace facilities.

The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town and country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time that we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house.

The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.

The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is dosed after you.

1. According to the author, the importance of greenspaces in the urban environment ______.

A) is still unknown B) is being closely studied

C) is usually neglected D) has been fully recognized

2. Tile theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to ______.

A) the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighborhood

B) the location of recreation facilities far from home

C) relatively little attention for recreative possibilities

D) the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood

3. The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided ______.

A) in special areas B)in the suburbs

C) in the neighborhood of the house D)in gardens and parks

4. According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that ______.

A) more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspect

B) more and more people might have access to them

C) an increasing number of recreative activities might be developed

D) recreative activities might be brought into our homes

5. The main idea of this passage is that ______.

A)better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life

B)attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities

C)the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago

D)priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities

Passage 2

The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and

protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were "limitless" and "inexhaustible". Most Of the citizens of earlier genera-flogs knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.

Fifty years ago, nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and fiver floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the wood "conservation'' had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.

For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyone's daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important for us as knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams mid rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man's fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can. l. The author's attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is ______.

A) positive B) suspicious C) neutral D )critical

2. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that ______.

A)they had no idea about scientific forestry

B) they had little or no sense of environmental protection

C) they were not aware of the significance of nature study

D) they had no idea of how to make good use of mw materials

3. It can be inferred from the passage that earlier generation didn't realize ______.

A) the interdependence of water, soft, and living things

B) the importance of the proper land use

C) the harmfulness of soil destruction and fiver floods

D) the extraordinary rapid growth of population

4. With a view to correcting the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that

A) we plant more trees

B)we be taught environmental science, as well as the science of plants

C) environmental education be directed toward everyone

D)we return to nature

5. What does the author imply by saying that living space is figured also in cubic volume

above the earth?

A) Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.

B) Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.

C) We need to take some measures to protect space.

D) We must create better living conditions for both birds and animals.

Passage 3

Some environmental problems cannot be dealt with locally or even nationally. Their scope is simply too big.

Perhaps the best illustration of such a problem is also one of the hardest to solve--global warming. No one country could, by its own actions, eliminate the threat of shifting the Earth's climate to a warmer regime. Achieving that goal will take concerted joint action on the part of many of the world's countries, especially the industrial nations whose use of fossil fuel is the primary source of the problem.

Likewise, some environmental problems, while local, have consequences far beyond the borders of the affected countries, The destruction of the world' s tropical forests is a pertinent example. The effects of deforestation within a country with tropical forests are often quite devastating locally and can include accelerated erosion or degradation of soils, severe flooding, loss of wildlife, damage of coral reefs and other marine resources from salutation, and even reduction in rainfall amounts in nearly regions. From the perspective of the planet as a whole, however, an even greater cost may be the irretrievable loss of biodiversity, since the tropical forests are home to over half the world' s species. Tropical deforestation thus squanders the Earth' s genetic heritage built up over billions of years by evolution.

The world is changing very rapidly. More and more countries recognize the need to protect their environment, to reduce harmful pollution, to manage natural resources wisely, mid to take responsibility for global environmental problems. But few countries accomplish all of these goals.

1. According to the passage, the primary source of global warming is ______.

A)the use of fossil fuel in developing countries

B) the destruction of the world's tropical forests

C) the use of fossil fuel in industrial countries

D) both A) and C)

2. The phrase "that goal" in line 5 refers to ______.

A) to eliminate the threat of global warming

B) to reduce the use of fossil fuel

C) to protect the world's tropical forests

D) to reduce harmful pollution

3. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the third paragraph?

A) A question followed by answer.

B) A statement illustrated by examples.

C)A comparison of two contrasting ideas.

D)A hypothesis tested by experimental data.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A)Some local environmental problems have global consequences.

B) The destruction of the world's tropical forests may cause the irretrievable

loss of biodiversity.

C) More and more countries come to be concerned about the environmental

problems.

D)The accelerated erosion of soils is the only consequence of deforestation.

5. What is the author's attitude towards environmental problems?

A)Only some industrial countries suffer from environmental problems.

B) Deforestation only occurs in tropical areas.

C)The solution to environmental problems requires the cooperation of every country.

D) No countries have solved all the environmental problems.

Passage 4

The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue to occur, largely because of extreme difficulty in affixing legal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by law-suits, personal and industrial denial and long delays--not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.

It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is them any initiative for change. Where are industry and our recognition, that protecting mankind's great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.

We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the charge.

We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be unreel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.

I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical 'information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.

1. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard

environmental protection chiefly because

A) they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing

B) they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests

C) time has not yet come for them. to put due emphasis on it

D) it is difficult for them to take effective measures 2. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is

A) to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion

B) to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection

C) to take radical measures to control environmental pollution

D) to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards

3. The word "tunnel-visioned" most probably means

A) narrow-minded B) blind to the facts

C)short-sighted D)able to see only one aspect

4. Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in

the solution of environmental problems?

A) Legislation and govemment intervention.

B) The industry's understanding and support.

C) The efforts of environmental health professionals.

D) The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.

5. Which of the following is TRUE according-- to the last paragraph?

A) Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.

B) More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.

C) Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.

D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.

Part IV Cloze

Section A

Directions:Each blank in the following passage is provided with four possible choices. the whole passage and choose the answer for each blank.

Pollution is also called environmental pollution, the addition of any substance or form of energy 1 the environment at a rate faster than the environment can accommodate it 2 dispersion, breakdown, recycling, or storage in some 3 form.

A pollutant need not be harmful itself. Carbon dioxide, for example, is a normal 4 of the atmosphere and a by-product of respiration that is found in all animal tissues; yet in a concentrated form it can kill animals. Human sewage can be a useful fertilizer, but when concentrated too highly it becomes a serious pollutant, 5 health and causing the depletion of oxygen in bodies of water. In contrast, radioactivity in any quantity is harmful to life, 6 the fact that it occurs normally in the environment as so-called background radiation.

Pollution has 7 mankind ever since groups of people first gathered together and remained for a long time in any one place. 8 human settlements can be recognized by their pollutants--shell mounds and rubble heaps. But pollution was not a serious problem as long as there was enough space 9 for each individual or group, 10 the establishment of 11 human settlements by great numbers of people, however, pollution became a problem and has remained one ever since. Cities of ancient times were often harm-fid places, polluted by human wastes and debris. In the Middle Ages, unhealthy urban conditions favored the 12 of contagious diseases. During the 19th century, water and air pollution and the accumulation of solid wastes were largely the problems of only a

few large cities. But, with the rise of 13 technology and with the rapid 14 of industrialization and the incidental increase in human population to unprecedented levels, pollution has become a 15 problem.

1.A)to B)for C)by

D) with

2.A) with B)by C) through out

D) over

3.A) dangerous B) poisonous C) helpless D )

harmless

4.A) structure B) component C) destruction D )

opponent

5.A) changing B) endangering C) improving

D )'destroying

6.A) spite B) concerning C) despite D)

considering

7.A) combined B) assembled C) compared D)

accompanied

8.A) Primitive B) Primary C) Crude D )

Tough

9.A) abundant B ) abstract C ) acceptable D )

available

10.A) Through B) By C) With D)

From

11.A) temporary B) physical C) permanent D)

plenty

12.A) outbreak B ) setup C) breakthrough D )

setback

13.A) academic B ) absolute C) advanced D )

advance

14.A) plan B) distribution C) balance D )

spread

15.A) national B) urban C) inevitable D)

universal

Section B

Directions: There are ten blanks in the following passage. Fill in the blanks with suitable words from the list given below. Change the form where

necessary.

temperature species virus global habitat disease

epidemic climate include expert ecosystem infectious

1 warming and changing climatic conditions are triggering

2 in wildlife around the world. The outbreaks are occurring in

3 ranging from coral reefs to rain-forest. "What is most surprising is the fact that

4 sensitive outbreaks are happening with so many different types of pathogens

5 , bacteria, fungi, and parasites as well as in such a wide range of hosts

6 corals, oysters, terrestrial plants, birds, and humans,'' says Drew Harvell of Cornell University.

The team of 7 has concluded that there are common themes likely linked to global warming. "Climate change is disrupting natural 8 in a way that is making life better for 9 diseases," states epidemiologist Andrew Dobson of Princeton University. "The accumulation of evidence has us extremely worried. We share diseases with some of these 10 . The risk for humans is going up."

Part V Translation

Section A

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.Because of a stupid mistake, we lost the initiative in the business deal to the

other side.

2.With a clear-cut plan for the future expansion of his company, the young man

is ambitious to achieve greater success in business,

3.I have worked out a detailed plan for the promotion of our new product, but it

remains to be decided upon at the board meeting.

4. A lot of consideration goes into the placing of TV ads, so that they can target

specific purchasing groups.

5.We should introduce more choice and diversity into our educational system.

Section B

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.

1.战争连同饥饿一起，已经多夺去了成千上万人的生命。(together with)

2.关于薪水我没有什么可抱怨的，不过这里的工作环境远不尽如人意。(as

to, far from)

3.在公共场合吸烟虽然会招致不满，却没有行之有效的法律加以禁止。

(frown upon, ban)

4.当地政府承诺将发起一场大规模的反腐运动。(undertake, wage, campaign)

5.这项协议为该地区的持久和平铺平了道路。(pave the way to)

Part Guided Writing

Directions: For this part, you are required to write a composition based on the following in formation.

Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

Unit Three

Part I Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence or that best explains the underlined part. 1. There simply cannot be much ______ towards corruption in government for any country that wants to achieve rapid economic growth and improve the life of its citizens.

A) appreciation B) tolerance C) attitude D)

endurance

2. Social scientists such as psychologists and sociologists are mainly ______ with the study of the relationship between human mind and human behavior.

A) involved B) connected C) contacted D) related

3. We are all ______ that the country is doing well economically, but in fact it has been in serious difficulty all along.

A) under the influence B) under the illusion

C) below the illusion D) within the impression

4.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously, but his judgment

was ______ by the subsequent development of events.

A) strengthened B) confronted C) continued D) confined

5. Many people ______ pollution ______ only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.

A)think...as B)look upon...to be

C)take... to be D)see...as

6.After the headmaster had given an account of the difficulties, he ______ to suggest ways of overcoming them.

A) proceeded B ) preceded C ) privileged D ) processed

7.Both parties are quite determined to get what they want, and so there seems to be no possibility of reaching a ______.

A) conclusion B ) compromise C ) companion D) complaint

8. He is not a man to be trusted. It is better that you have some ______ about whatever he says.

A) doubts B) suspicion C) resolution D ) reservations

9. The strike organizers have ______ strong opposition from the management to the workers' request for a pay raise.

A) looked forward to B) anticipated C) estimated D) proposed

10. The whole hall ______ waiting for the announcement of the winner of the first prize.

A) took its breath B) kept its breath

C) held its breath D) controlled its breath

11.At the opening ceremony of the centennial (一百周年纪念) celebration of the founding of the school, she had the honor of presenting the Queen with a bouquet ______ all the students.

A) in honor of B) in the name of C) on behalf of D) in terms of

12. Several hours after finding a ______ to the identity of the suspect, the police

arrested him on a charge of armed robbery.

A) clue B ) cue C) answer D ) solution

13. He was just being ______ when he said that this kind of art did not speak to him.

What he really meant to say was that he looked upon it as garbage.

A) diplomatic B) modest C) dishonest D) indifferent 14. He ______ his intention and determination of going abroad for further study,

despite objections from all his family members.

A) proposed B) compelled C) resolved D) proclaimed

15. The story that follows ______ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountains

in the gold rush days.

A) counsels B) concerns C ) connects D) congratulates

16. Until recently the harmful effect of these man-made substances on the

environment had been to a considerable extent overlooked by human beings.

A) fail to notice B) look from above C) pretend not to see D) forgive

17. The scientific approach to a problem consists first of all in collecting as much

data as possible in an objective and impartial way.

A) the act of going near B) a means or way of entering

C) a manner or method of doing D) contact with someone

18. Somehow I have to try to predict what's going to sell three and four years from

now, even though I can't say with any certainty what the public will want next month.

A) for one mason or another B) in one way or another

C) to a certain extent D) under certain circumstances

19. The conceited politician's speech was met with a shower of tomatoes and

plastic bottles from the angry crowd.

A) greeted by B) faced with C) encountered D) absorbed in

20. Everything will eventually work out for you if you will only be patient and keep trying.

A)find an answer to B) figure out

C ) make out D) bring about, a good result

Section B

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary.

harbor overlook hesitate divorce resolve imagine mutual reservation confirm approach expectation ups and downs

1.Jimmy found it hard to _________ the life of early men without the tools and

comforts of modern civilization.

2.History has witnessed many _________ in the history of the relationship

between these two countries.

3.We note with satisfaction that all these activities have helped to promote the

_________ understanding and friendship between our two countries.

4.Writers tend to take a more romantic _________ to this historical event than

historians.

5.She has _________ a secret hatred against her mother ever since her

childhood, for deep in her heart, she has always blamed her mother for the death of her father.

6.Women's central role in managing natural resources and protecting the

environment has been more __________ than it has been acknowledged.

7.I usually enjoy the movie series 007, but as for the latest one Die Another

Day, I don' t think it has lived up to my _________.

8.It would be totally impossible for any artist to create great works of art if he

is ________ from real life.

9.What you have told me about Michael __________ me in my suspicion that

he has stolen my gold watch.

10.Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a city without bicycles or

one without cars, I should not _________ a moment to prefer the latter.

Part II Structure

Directions: For each of the following incomplete sentences, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the answer that best completes the

sentence.

1. Many people hope that the rains will return and ease the hardship ______ the peasants of Northern China.

A) faced B ) faces C ) facing D ) to face

2. Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago, they ______ better health.

A) are enjoying B) have been enjoying

C) could have enjoyed D) had enjoyed

3. He loves doing some reading at home ______ to the cinema.

A)than to go B)than going

C)more than going D) rather than to go

4. ______ of neglecting our education, my father sent my sister and me to an evening school.

A)Accused B) Accusing

C) To be accused D) That he was accused

5.She never regretted paying $ 200 for the bookcase. As a matter of fact, she would gladly have paid ______ for it.

A) as much twice B) as twice much

C)much as twice D) twice as much

6. The teacher warned that whoever was caught ______ during the test would be punished.

A) cheat B) cheating

C) to cheat D ) to be cheat

7. The man looked at me suspiciously ______ that he had heard fids .type of story

many times and asked me to describe the case.

A)even if to say B)as if was saying

C)as if to say D)even though saying

8. It was not until she had arrived home ______ remembered her appointment with the doctor.

A) when she B) that she C) and she D) so that she

9. The doctor insisted that his patient ______ for three months.

A) not to work too hard B) took it easy

C) to take some holidays D) take it

10. He showed great interest in my field of work. He asked me ______ fresh develop-merit.

A)informing him of B)to inform him

C) to keep him informed of D) keeping him informed of

11. Do you often ______ music in your spare time?

A)listen B)listen by C)listen on D)listen to

12. We ______ self-reliance.

A)stand for B)stand off C)stand over D)stand with

13. ______, them is a bus coming!

A) Look for B) Look out C) Look after D) Look up

14. If you have finished your homework, please ______.

A)hand in it B)hand out it C)hand it in D)hand it out

15. She doesn't normally behave like that; she is ______.

A)putting it up B) putting it down

C) putting it out D)putting it on

16. How did the novel finally ______? I couldn't wait to see the ending.

A) come across B) come out C) come to D) come up with

17. When I think ______ those nights, it is the snow and the warm lights from the

windows that I remember.

A) through B) of C ) up D) over

18. Her careless spending led her ______ debt.

A) over B) into C) up D) from

19. The policy has been ______ smoothly.

A) carried away B) carried on C) carried through D) carried out

20. Jerry is terribly ill. We have ______ the doctor.

A) sent away B) sent off C) sent for D) sent up

Part III Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by some questions, each with four suggested choices. Choose the one you think is the answer. Passage 1

Even though each broken marriage is unique, we can still find the common perils, and the common causes for marital despair. Each marriage has crisis points and each marriage tests endurance, the capacity for both in intimacy and change. Outside pressures such as job loss, illness, infertility, trouble with a child, care of aging parents and all the other plagues of life hit marriage the way hurricanes blast our shores. Some marriages survive these storms and others don' t. Marriages fail, however, not simply because of the outside weather but because the inner climate becomes too hot or too cold, too turbulent or too stupefying. When we look at how we choose our partners and what expectations exist at the tender beginnings of romance, some of the reasons for disaster become quite clear. We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who will recreate with us the emotional patterns of our first homes. Dr. Carl A. Whitaker, a marital therapist of Wisconsin ex-plains, "From early childhood on, each of us carried models for marriage, femininity, masculinity, motherhood, fatherhood and all the other family roles." Each of us

falls in love with a mate who has qualities of our parents, who will help us rediscover both the psychological happiness and miseries of our past lives. We may think we have found a man unlike Dad, but then he turns to drink or drags, or loses his job over and over again or sits silently in front of the TV set just the way Dad did. A man may choose a woman who doesn't like kids just like his mother or who gambles away the family savings just like his mother. Or he may choose a slender wife who seems unlike his obese mother but then turns to have other addictions that destroy their mutual happiness.

A man and a woman bring to their marriage bed a blended concoction of conscious and unconscious memories of their parents' lives together. The human way is to compulsively repeat and recreate the patterns of the past. Sigmund Freud so well described the unhappy design that many of us get trapped in: the unmet needs of childhood, the feelings left over from frustrations of long age, the limits of trust and the recurrence of old fears. Once an individual senses this entrapment, there may follow a yearning to escape, and the result could be a broken, splintered marriage.

Of course people can overcome the habits and attitudes that developed in childhood. We all have hidden strengths and amazing capacities for growth and creative change. Change, however, requires work--observing your part in a rotten pattern, bringing difficulties out into the open--and work runs counter to the basic myth of marriage: "When I wed this person all my problems will be over. I will have achieved success and this person will be my center, and we will mean everything to each other forever." This myth, which every marriage relies on, is soon exposed. The coming of children, the pulls and tugs of their demands on affection and time, place a considerable sUain on that basic myth of meaning everything to each other, of merging together and solving all of life's problems.

1. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.

A)pointing out the problems of marriage

B) listing the reasons for marriage

C) reporting the latest theory on marriage

D) discussing the cause for marriage failure

2. In the sentence "Some marriages survive these storms and others don't", the word "storms" refers to ______.

A) the foul weather B) hurricanes

C) pressures on marriage D) lightning and thunder

3. It seems that an underlying desire of getting married is ______.

A) to go through together various weather such as storms

B) to set a good example for other families

C) to repeat our early family life

D) to find a spouse who resembles our father or mother and protects us

4. According to Sigmund Freud, a marriage may fail when ______.

A)one confuses his married life with the past life

B) one tries to repeat his past life

C) one finds that he falls 'into some sort of previous unhappy life experience

D) one becomes frustrated because his childhood need is not met

5. It can be concluded that ______.

A) the author persuades people to work hard and be successful at their jobs as a

way to save marriage

B)people need to let others know their difficulties and help them out

C) the author feels that the basic myth of marriage is unrealistic and is likely to

create marriage failure

D) the author hopes people will keep their myth of marriage despite the troubles

they may have in their married life

Passage 2

A good marriage means growing as a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn't easy; marriage has always been difficult. Why then are we seeing so many divorces at this time? Yes, our modem social fabric is thin, and yes, the permissiveness of society has created unrealistic expectations and thrown the family into disorder. But divorce is so common because people today are unwilling to exercise the serf-discipline that marriage requires. They expect easy joy, like the entertainment on TV, the thrill of a good party.

Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise.. Some of 'one's fantasies, some of one's legitimate desires, have to be given up for .the value of the marriage itself. "While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds," says Dr. Whitaker, "Marriage requires sexual, financial and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow them to growing or changing".

A divorce is not an evil act. Sometimes it provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or are frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be like the first cut of the surgeon's knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking up of rite romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only ram these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.

l. According to the author, an ideal marriage life ______.

A) requires considerable sacrifice on both partners

B) requires that the couple be emotionally involved

C) allows for the growth of the husband and wife as a couple and as two individuals

D) is only an illusion in today's society

2. The word "legitimate" most probably means ______.

A) lawful B) biological C) personal D ) reasonable

3. The second paragraph is mainly about ______.

A)the importance of self-restraint on the parts of the husband and the wife

B) the sacrifice man should make to contribute to housework

C) the tolerance on the part of the wife of her husband's misbehavior

D)the difference in value put on marriage between the husband and the wife

4. In the author's opinion, a divorce is not an evil act ______.

A) if the marital life is imperfect

B) if it leads to a more worthwhile life for the two persons

C) if the couple later gets married again and finds real love

D) if the couple lives far away from each other

5. The author believes the real cause for the increase of divorces today lies in that ______.

A)people have too many sources of entertainment

B)people have less internal restraints

C)people no longer enjoy family life as they did before

D)people do not want to be confined by marital ties

Passage 3

Premarital agreements are rare. This observation used to dismay the late Nobel laureate George Stigler: he maintained that the grand institution of matrimony is demeaned by those who can't be bothered to negotiate its details.

A marriage is a contract. You can write that contract yourself'( in which case it's called a "premarital agreement"). Now you can also choose between two prefabricated contracts, each with very different provisions for divorce. The first option is similar to the no-fault contract. The second the so-called "covenant marriage" makes divorce far more difficult.

Even if you never divorce, your choice among contracts can affect the entire course of your marriage. That's because the possibility of divorce alters your incentives to keep your spouse happy (and vice versa). Of course, you might want to keep your spouse happy for other reasons, the most notable of which is love. Some 'lames, love is all you need. But because we' re talking about divorce law, I want to focus on cases where love is not enough, and in those cases, to ask which contract provides the best incentive for good marital behavior. The answer may not be what you think.

While we' re at it, let's compare three kinds of marriage: a no-fault contract (where. either party can obtain a divorce on demand), a mutual-consent contract (where both parties must agree to a divorce), and a covenant marriage (where even mutual consent is not enough). You might think that no-fault marriages are always the most likely to end in divorce. That isn’t true. and here's one reason: a lot of marital issues are negotiable-like who should do the dishes, who gets to operate the remote control, which one wears the anti-snore device and which one wears the earplugs, and so on. Here the negotiating process itself provides all the right incentives to respect your spouse' s needs. What you won' t do for love, you'll still do for a bribe. And those things you won' t do even for a bribe are, presumably, sufficiently distasteful that you shouldn't do them.

Bribery works equally well under no-fault and mutual consent (though the choice of the contract alters the balance of power and therefore might alter the size of the bribes). Under either system, the marriage survives as long as it's possible to keep both partners happier together than they would be apart. Therefore, the two systems produce the same number of divorces.

On the other hand, if you're in a covenant marriage--where you can't get a divorce even by mutual consent--divorce might be impossible even when the marriage turns bad for both of you. If we assume that all marital conflicts are negotiable, the covenant marriage has no offsetting advantages: it keeps couples together only in those cases where they'd both be happier apart.

The analysis changes if them are important decisions that can't be negotiated like the decision whether to bring home a surprise bouquet of flowers. Chronic thoughtlessness on such matters can cause a marriage to deteriorate. The knowledge that divorce is impossible might make you strive harder to avoid such deterioration, and it might do the same for your spouse. In that sense, a covenant marriage is like the old nuclear-war Doomsday Machine: you are each on notice that you'd better work hard to preserve a good marriage, or you'll both be forced to live your lives in a bad one. Doomsday Machines can be very effective. But sometimes they blow up. So the covenant marriage is a mixed blessing.

It's the issues you can't negotiate that make the covenant marriage worth considering. But that same inability can make no-fault marriages the strongest of all. In a no-fault marriage, a happy spouse will treat you well to prevent your leaving. That gives you an incentive to keep your spouse happy. And this process feeds on itself: .your spouse works to make you happy, which makes you want 'to preserve the marriage, which makes you work to make your spouse happy, which makes your spouse want to preserve the marriage, and so on, in a great virtuous circle.

In contrast, if divorce required mutual consent, your spouse could accept your efforts to make him or her happy without feeling a strong need to reciprocate. This prospect discourages you from bearing gifts in the first place. But when either partner has the power to end the marriage, kindness tends to be repaid with kindness, and therefore kindness thrives. Notice, Once again, that this analysis applies only to surprise efforts. Efforts that are negotiated in advance can be negotiated equally well under any contract.

So here is the bottom line: when marital issues are negotiable, no-fault and mutual consent do equally well and covenant marriage is always a mistake. But when important issues can't be negotiated, both the covenant marriage and the no-fault contract become more attractive, for different masons.

1. What is the writer's main purpose?

A) To make the case that no-fault marriage contract should be favored over the others.

B)To explain why people don't negotiate marital details.

C)To list different negotiation skills employed by different marriage contracts.

D)To compare different marital contracts in terms of their incentives for keeping

a marriage going.

2. If a spouse negotiates with the other spouse, this means that he is in ______.

A)no-fault marriage only

B) both no- fault marriage and mutual-consent marriage

C) covenant marriage only

D) both mutual-consent marriage and covenant marriage

3. If a couple feel unhappy and still have to stay on the marriage, this means that they are in ____.

A)no-fault contract only

B) mutual-count contract only

C) covenant marriage only

D) both mutual-consent and covenant marriage

4. Covenant marriage is a "mixed blessing" in that ______.

A) it makes negotiation impossible

B) it makes divorce extremely difficult

C) it has a devastating effect

D) it can make a couple strive hard to keep their marriage

5. The writer would agree with which of the following statements

A) The institution of matrimony is being jeopardized by divorce.

B) Divorce is just a breakdown in negotiations.

C) Divorce has become the norm rather than the exception.

D)Everyone is entitled to divorce.

Passage 4

More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage are the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this pro-marriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains, by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.

What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family. 25 years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children. Now, them are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And them are many marriages in which at least some of the children are from the wife's previous marriage, or the husband's, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses.

Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children, marriages with children from only the present marriage, marriages with "flail-time" children from the present marriage and "part-time" children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, half-brothers, and half-sisters. It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.

1. By calling Americans marrying people the author means that ______.

A)Americans are more traditional than Europeans

B) Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans

C) there are more married couples in U. S. A. than in Europe

D)more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they

accept it at a younger age

2. Divorced Americans ______.

A) prefer the way they live

B) will most likely remarry

C) have lost faith in marriage

D) are the vast majority of people in society

3. Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families?

A) Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.

B) A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.

C) Americans prefer to have more kids than before.

D) There are no nuclear families any more.

4. "Part-time" children ______.

A)spend some of their 'time with their half-brothers and some of their time with

their half-sisters.

B) spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage

C) are shared between the two former spouses

D) cannot stay with "full-time" children

5. Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families,

A) the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage

B) the functions of marriage remain unchanged

C) most Americans prefer a second marriage

D) all of the above

Part IV Cloze

Section A

Directions:Each blank in the following passage is provided with four possible choices. Read the whole passage and choose the answer for each blank.

In the United States, parents do not 1 marriages for their children. Teenagers begin dating in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 2 .

3 young people feel flee to choose their friends from different groups, most choose a mate of similar

4 .

This is due in part to parental guidance. Parents cannot 5 spouses for their children, but they can usually 6 choices by voicing disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.

7 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial marriages) are 8 , probably because of the greater mobility of today's youth and the fact that they are 9 by fewer prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their home towns to attend college, serve in the armed forces, 10 pursue a career in a bigger city.

1.A) arrange B) engage C) manage

D) propose

2.A) position B) association C) contract

D) contacts

3.A) Since B) Though C) If

D) Hence

4.A) background B) situation C) circumstance D)

condition

5.A) oppose B) reject C) select

D) approve

6.A) influence B) make C) afford

D) provide

7.A) Therefore B) However C) Moreover

D) Likewise

8.A) declining B) prohibiting C) increasing

D) reducing

9.A) restrained B) retained C) reserved

D) restricted

10.A) but B) or C) so

D) otherwise

Section B

Directions: There are ten blanks in the following passage. Fill in the blanks with suitable words firm the list given below. Change the form where

necessary.

guest ritual tradition challenge counsel carry

right vow approach propose permit deal

"I do." To Americans those two words 1 great meaning. They can even change your life. Especially ff you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding 2 is like signing a contract. Now Americans don' t really think marriage is a business 3 . But marriage is serious business.

It all begins with engagement. 4 , a young man asks the 5 of the father of his sweetheart to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later 6 to her. often he tries to surprise her by "popping the question" in a romantic way. Some 'tames the couple just decides together that the time is 7 to get married. The man usually gives his fiance a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They maybe engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day 8 , bridal showers and bachelor's parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive 9 during engagement. This prepares them for the 10 of married life.

Part V Translation

Section A

Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.We must find a way to resolve these problems before it is too late.

2.My husband had always been supportive of my going out to work until

finally I not only found one but was also promoted several times and earned more money than he did. Then he stopped talking to me about my jobs.

3.While most of us are only too ready to apply to others the cold wind of

criticism, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.

4.In the early 1800s, geologists met with violent condemnation because they

differed with the Genesis (《创世纪》，《旧约圣经》的第一卷) account of creation.

5.Experienced teachers realize that there are often exceptionally talented

students who are never given a chance to demonstrate their special abilities.

Section B Directions: Translate the following sentences into English.

1.如何提高人民的生活水平是当地政府目前主要关心的事之一。(concern)

2.两国之间在平等互利的基础上建立了外交关系。(establish, mutual,

diplomatic)

3.童言无忌。(never too…to)

4.我在一大早儿总是状态极为糟糕。(at one’s worst)

5.让我借此机会代表全家向你表示衷心的感谢。(on behalf of)

Part VI Guided Writing

Directions:For this part, you are required to write a composition entitled "Marriage ". You are given the first sentence of each paragraph and

required to develop its in a complete paragraph in about 120 words.

1.Marriage is the commencement of a family life cycle.

2.Marriage means a series of charges.

3.The nuclear family is a kind of family that stresses conjugal(婚姻的) ties.

Unit Four

Part I Vocabulary

Section A

Directions: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose.

the one that best completes the sentence or that best explains the

underlined part.

1. The ____ man merely swallows the theory that the earth is round because there is something about it that appeals to the twentieth-century mentality.

A) regular B ) average C) normal D ) usual

2. It is hard to believe that when she was ____ the chance to study in Paris for a year, Janet should have given it up.

A) presented B ) granted C) provided D ) introduced

3. To give you a general idea of our products, we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed ______ and means of packing.

A) specifications B) inspections C)specimens D) specializations

4. Let us hope that ______ a nuclear war, the human race might still survive.

A)in the case of B)at the mercy of

C) in the event of D) with reference to

5. If I could find some way of slowing my father down, I would; he is ______ far too much work these days.

A)taking in B)taking along C)taking over D)taking on

6. The newcomers found it impossible to ______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.

A ) coordinate

B ) adopt C) suit D ) adapt

7.The developments in organ transplantation have led to a far higher proportion of successful operations and this, ______, has led to greater demand' for transplants.

A)in turn B)by turn C)at the turn D)take turns

8. It is ______ that the total expenses in the trial manufacture of the new products will come to $ 30, 000.

A) deducted B ) estimated C) expected D) anticipated

9.As a president, Lincoln had ______ patience and tolerance for those who disagreed with him and showed great generosity to his opponents.

A) infinite B ) definite C) magnificent D ) domestic

10. His ______ the project upset his colleagues who were trying every possible

means to have it carried out.

A) indifference for B) indifference to

C) difference from D) lack of interest to

11. Football, baseball and basketball are ______ sports, that is, only a few people

actually take part in them while many more only watch them.

A) spectacle B) spectator C) spectacular D)specific

12. One hundred years later, the Negro still lives on a lonely island of poverty in

the midst of a vast ocean of material ______.

A) prosperous B ) prospect C ) prosperity D ) pre--on

13. When reformers in the northern states put pressure on Congress not to permit

slavery in western ______ that later became states, some of the southern states wanted to secede from the United States.

A) territories B ) terrorism C ) terrorists D) terrific

14.The Italian people were so civilized, so sophisticated, so down-to-earth that

deep in their hearts, they had never, like the Germans, ______ Fascism, but had merely suffered it.

A) embodied B ) include C ) embraced D) exclude

15. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we

forget our surroundings and even our ______.

A) identification B) identity C) identical D) identify

16. That politician was too closely ______ with the former administration to be

given a post in this one.

A) identical B) identified C) similar D) concerned

17. It pains me to see the sale of our company ______. We must act promptly to

make our products more competitive on the world market.

A) contract B) recoil C) shrink D) reflect

18. The presence of the former general at the military parade is proof that he still

______ high respect in the army and his influence on the country's military strategy is not to be dismissed yet for some time to come.

A) commands B) comments C) commences D) commends

19. She is one of those extremely old-fashioned women who will never tolerate

______ from rules and traditions in any way.

A) department B) indifference C)dependence D) departure

20. It took her quite a time to ______ the only lady in the office.

A)get accustomed to being B)get used to be

C) adapt herself to D) be adopted by

Section B

Directions: Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Orange the form where necessary.

specify spectacular grant infinite descend adapt to deduction

object to in turn whatsoever accustom authority economize

1.You have the _____________ to order an investigation into my performance

of duties, but you have no business to inquire into my private affairs.

2.Quite a number of students in our college have applied for the scholarship

_________ by the State Commission of Education.

3.Since your supervisor has ___________ the time for a talk with you, you

must make sure that you will be there on time.

4.____________ of points will be made if those who compete in the game do

not follow the set rules.

5.The sunrise, as seen from the top of the mountain, was a ___________ sight.

6.Unconventional arms such as biochemistry weapons could do

_____________ harm to the human races if they are resorted to in modem wars.

7.Being a pure theoretical physicist, Einstein had no interest ___________ in

the practical application of his ideas and theories.

8.The local farmers __________ strongly ___________ the government's

decision of setting up an airport on their rich farmland.

9.Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible

only when food is converted into energy, which, ___________, is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.

10.Mrs. Johnston had to ______________ on clothes because her husband's

income could hardly cover the family expenses.

Part II Structure

Directions: For each of the following incomplete sentences, there are four choices marked A ), B), C) and D). Choose the answer that best completes the

sentence.

1. I really appreciate ______ to help me, but I am sure that I will be able to manage by myself.

A) you to offer B) your offering

C) that you offer D) that you are offering

2. If he ______ the storekeeper's scissors, he would have forgotten to buy a pair.

A)would not see B)has not seen

C) had not seen D)were not to see

3. My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he ______ go there.

A) not to B ) won' t C ) does not D ) not

4. Copernicus maintained that the earth ______ round the sun.

A) moves B ) moved C ) moving D ) move

5. My wallet is nowhere to be found. I ______ it when I was on the bus.

A) must drop B) had dropped

C) must have dropped D) should have dropped

6. Did you notice the little boy ______ away?

A) took the candy and nm B)take the candy and nm

C) tatting the candy and nm D) taking the candy and running

7. The new big factory is reported ______ within two years.

A) to have completed B) to complete

C) having been completed D)to have been completed

8. It was essential that all the necessary documents ______ in to the personnel office.

A) hand B) be handed C) are to hand D) must be handed

9. ______ pretty late, we decided to leave at once, as we didn't want to risk missing the last bus.

A)It being B)Being C)As is being O)It was being

10. I ______ a lithe earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.

A) should arrive B) would be arriving

C) could have arrived D) arrived

11. The student was just about to ______ the question when suddenly he found the answer.

A)arrive at B)submit to C)work out D)give up

12. It rained all day without ______.

A) stop B)delay C) ceased D) ceasing

13. The match was cancelled because most of the members ______ a match without

a standard court.

A) objected to having B) were objected to have

C)object to have D)were objected to having

14. It was hard to describe the nightmare she had lived ______.

A)on B)off C)with D) through

15. When you move into a new house you really have to start paying

A)out B)back C)off D)up

16. You should work hard, but don't ______ it and make yourself ill.

A ) overthrow B) overtake C) overlook D) overdo

17. Women used to be ______ before.

A) looked down B) looked up C) looked down upon D) looked for

18. That's a practice that should be ______ as early as possible.

A) done up B) done away with C) done out D) done with

19. They have ______ on a journey round the world.

A)set off B)set back C)set up D)set aside

20. Have they _______ a solution?

A) come under B) come up with C) come out D) come across

Part III Reading Comprehension

Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by some questions, each with four suggested choices. Choose the one you think is the answer. Passage 1

In only two decades Asian-Americans have become the fastest-growing U. S. minority. As their children began moving up through the nation schools, it became clear that a new class of academic achievers was emerging. Their achievements are reflected in the nation's best universities, where mathematics, science and engineering departments have taken on a decidedly Asian character. This special liking for mathematics and science is partly explained by the fact that Asian-American students who began their education abroad arrived in the U. S. with a solid grounding in mathematics but little or no knowledge of English. They are also influenced by the promise of a good job after college. Asians feel there will be less unfair treatment in areas like mathematics and science because they will be judged more objectively. And the return on the investment in education is more immediate in something like engineering than with an arts degree.

Most Asian-American students owe their success to the influence of parents who are determined that their children take full advantage of what the American educational system has to offer. An effective measure of parental attention is homework, Asian parents spend more time with their children than American parents, do, and it helps. Many researchers also believe there is something in Asian culture that breeds success, such as ideals that stress family values and emphasize education.

Both explanations for academic success worry Asian-Americans because of fears that they feed a typical racial image. Many can remember when Chinese, Japanese and Filipino immigrants were the vi 'cams of social isolation. Indeed, it was not until 1952 that laws were laid down giving all Asian immigrants the right to citizenship.

1. While making tremendous achievements at college, Asian-American students ______.

A) feel they are mistreated because of limited knowledge of English

B) am afraid that their academic successes bear a strong Asian character

C) still worry about unfair treatment in society

D) generally feel it a shame to have to depend on their parents

2. What are the major factors that determine the success of Asian-Americans?

A)A solid foundation is basic mathematics and Asian culture.

B) Hard work' and intelligence.

C) Parents' help and a limited knowledge of English.

D) Asian culture and the American educational system.

3. Few Asian-American students major in human sciences mainly because ______.

A) their English is not good enough

B)they are afraid they might meet with unfair judgment in these areas

C) them is a wide difference between Asian and Western cultures

D) they know little about American culture and society

4. Why do "both explanations" worry Asian-Americans?

A)They are afraid that they would again be isolated from American society in general.

B) People would think that Asian students rely on their parents for success.

C) Asian-Americans would be a threat to other minorities.

D)American academic achievements have taken on too strong an Asian character.

5. The author' s tone in this passage is ______.

A) sympathetic B ) doubtful C )' critical D ) objective

Passage 2

The U. S. Department of Labor statistics indicate that them is an oversupply of college-trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there is an overabundance of teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other

specialists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to tam out highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren't there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree. These "temporary" jobs have a habit of becoming permanent.

On the other hand, there is a tremendous need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electric, mechanics, plumbers,, and TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can handle, and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old distinction that white-collar workers make a better living than blue-collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the smiled workman.

The mason for this situation is the traditional myth that. college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large segment of American society equates success in life with a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating their children with this myth before they are out of primary school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Under this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn't matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. And every year college enrollments go up and up, and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them.

One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there. Of the 60 percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.

1. What do the U. S. Department of Labor statistics show?

A) Many college graduates find it increasingly hard to get jobs for which they were trained.

B) There is an oversupply of workers and that this oversupply is increasing.

C) Teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts and other specialists are

extremely needed.

D) Colleges and graduate schools compete to turn out highly trained people.

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Skilled workers often make less money than college graduates.

B) There are not enough skilled workers such as carpenters and electricians to

handle their work.

C) Skilled workers have to compete with college graduates for jobs.

D) Skilled workers and college graduates have equal opportunity in the job market.

3. Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year?

A) Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education.

B) Many parents want their children to go to college.

C) High school teachers urge their students to go to college.

D) Every young man -and woman wants to go to college.

4. The word "myth" in the passage means ______.

A)truth B)a false belief

C) a strong argument D) theory

5. By saying that "many people go to college who do not belong them", the author

means that ______.

A) many people who are not fit for college education go to college

B)many people who do not have adequate financial support go to college

C)many people who go to college drop out within the first year

D) ninny people who go to college have their hopes shattered

Passage 3

The American common school differed from the European school in that it was from the outset an expression of the desire on the part of the American colonies to develop a type of intellectual freedom not prevalent in Europe. There was a further characteristic of the American common school, which distinguished itself from its European predecessors. The school was, from the beginning, controlled by local authority. Communities were indeed compelled by early legislation in the colonies to maintain an educational institution of some kind for the young people, but the details of organization were left to the communities.

We find that there was the greatest variety in the method of controlling these schools. In New England the town meeting determined the policy of the school. It set the salary of the teacher, and very frequently went so far as to select teachers, although it commonly delegated supervision of the school to a trustee or to a committee. This committee often included the pastor of the church and one or more of the leading citizens.

1. One of the major differences between American and European schools was _____.

A) that American schools were colonial and therefore were under European control

B) that American schools desired to be expressive

C) that American schools emphasized the need of intellectual freedom

D) that American schools were for common citizens while European schools were for nobles.

2. The word "prevalent" ( Sentence 1, Para. I ) in this passage means ______.

A) current B) famous C ) notorious D ) acceptable

3. Another distinctive quality of American schools was that ______.

A) the local government was free to organize its own educational system

B) the local government was compelled to follow the central authority

C)each community was free to decide whether to provide education or not

D) the school was controlled by the federal government

4. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Each community differed in the method of controlling the schools.

B) The salary of the teacher was determined by the local authority.

C)The supervising committee of the school was often composed of church

people and some important figures of the town.

D) All communities carried the same principle in organizing these schools.

5. What is the passage mainly about?

A) The intellectual development of American schools.

B) The independence of American schools from Europe.