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2008新东方唐静翻译完美版教材

2008新东方唐静翻译完美版教材
2008新东方唐静翻译完美版教材

2008新东方唐静翻译完美版教材!《厉害哦》

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考研英语翻译电子教材

主讲:唐静

第一课时(FY01-1~4)

开场白

三个论断:

1、考研英语是中国大陆组织的最难一级的英语考试

2、考研翻译是考研英语中最难的一部分

翻译满分10分,平均3.5分

3、非英语专业,未接受翻译训练

中国目前翻译现状

课程安排:

系统的翻译知识

解决考研翻译的所有问题

讲解考研真题(1994-2003)

本次课讲解四个方面的问题,包括三大核心概念

一、考研翻译中英汉语语言特点

考生试卷中常见两种问题:

1、空白

2、不是人话

什么是翻译

翻译理论、翻译教学、翻译实践

英汉语两种语言之间的转换

考研翻译是把试卷上的英语弄成汉语

1、英汉语两种语言的四大特点

1)形合与义合

突破口

2)繁复与简短

(62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study

humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that

existed 15 billion years ago.

72) How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

63) The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and

studied.

化繁复为简短:长句拆译

3)被动与主动

化被动为主动:少用‘被’字

4)抽象与具体

化抽象为具体:根据汉语习惯增加表示范畴和概念的词来解释具体

第二课时(FY02-1~4)

evolution 进化

in evolution 在进化过程中

find v. 找到,发现

finding n. 发现

report their finding 汇报他们的发现成果

tension 紧张

ease the tension in the Middle East 缓解中东的紧张局势

must 必须

The Great Wall is a must for tourists. 对游客来说长城是一个必须到的地方。

二、考研翻译的题型、题型特点、考试内容和评分标准

1、题型

大:主观题

小:阅读题

2、题型特点

1)体裁

以议论文为主

2)题材

具有偏文趋势

3)改写文章,划线句是长难句和复杂句(平均35个单词)

3、考试内容=考点

1)考察专有名词、词组和多义词的解释

(1)专有名词

人名、地名、国家名称、术语

Big Bang大爆炸理论

anthropoloist人类学家

inflationary universe theory宇宙膨胀理论

(2)词组

depend on依赖、依靠、取决于

apply to

subject to

(3)多义词:

school 学派

life 生命、生活

熟词生义

set (成套)设备;集、集合

offend 冒犯;排污超标;污染超标

生词

2)考察一般性翻译技巧,包括词义选择、词序调整、词性转换和增词法

(1)词义选择

a、分析词根、词缀

multimedia 多媒体

determinism 决定论

b、分析上下文来翻译

c、根据汉语习惯搭配来翻译

d、寻找汉语同义词来翻译

However ,the world is so made that elegant(完善的) systems are in principle unable to deal with some of the world’s more fascinating and delightful aspects

(问题)

aspect 方面/问题

do…with aspect 解决/处理问题

elegant 幽雅的/完善的

elegant system 完善的系统

(2)词序调整

Mummy ,I want an apple.(不需进行调整)

I have the habit of getting up at 6 o’clock in the morning.

(3)词性转换

I will kill you with a small knife. with:介词翻译为动词,表“用”

emphasis 强调; analysis 分析名词转动词用

(4)增词法

3)考察具体句型的翻译步骤和方法,包括定语和定语从句、状语和状语从句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、并列结构、倒装结构、插入结构、强调结构、被动结构、

否定结构、形式主语和there be句型

第三课时(FY03-1~4)

4、评分标准

评分原则:

分段给分、微观评分、综合扣分

三、考研翻译的常见问题和应对策略

翻译:两种语言之间的转换

笔译(Translation)

口译(Interpretation)

同声传译(Simultaneous Interpretation)

常见问题:

理解不到位、表达不到位

两个关键:

理解的关键在于理解英语的语法结构

表达的关键在于用汉语习惯来调整和翻译

四、考研翻译的标准、步骤和方法

标准

严复:信、达、雅

傅雷:神似

钱钟书:化境

1、准确;

2、通顺;

3、完整

步骤:

1、通读全句、准确理解

2、分析成分、划分意群

3、选择词义、贴切表达

4、适当调整、书写译文

方法:

直译为主、适当意译

61)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind ,feelings ,traits of character ,human nature ,and

so on.

第一步:通读全句

第二步:分析全句,划分译群

主语:one difficulty 谓语:is that引导的表语从句

从句的主语:almost all of what is called behavioral science(被动)谓语:continues 第一个to:不定式的符号第二个to:介词的符号,后接名词4个名词:states of mind ,feelings ,traits of character ,human nature作并列宾语

第三步:选择词义表达

1、 one 一个 difficulty 困难 is 是 that almost 几乎 all 所有 what is called 被称之为 behavioral science 行为科学 continue 继续 trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪 behavior 行为第二个to 到 states of mind 心理状态 feelings感觉、感情、情感 character 性格 train 特征 human 人

类 nature大自然;本性 and so on 等等

第四步:适当调整、书写译文

2、 one 一个 difficulty 困难 is 是→在于 that almost 几乎 all 所

有 what is called 被称之为→所谓的 behavioral science 行为科学……(不通顺)3、 one 一个 difficulty 困难 is 是→在于 that almost 几乎 all 所有→全部 what is called 被称之为→所谓的 behavioral science 行为科学……(不通顺)4、将all放在behavioral science 后:一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都(加上)continue继续 trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪 behavior 行为第

二个to 到……(不对劲)

5、第二个to 到换为根据:一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都 continue继

续 trace sth. to sth. ;trace:追踪、跟踪 behavior 行为第二个to 根据……(还

不对劲)

6、第二个to 根据放到trace跟踪前:一个困难在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都根据心理状态情感性格特征人类本性等等方面(加上)继续追踪行为(差不多了)“根据”换为“依靠”,后加“从”;“继续追踪行为”替换为“寻找行为的根源”完成翻译:难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依靠从心理状态、情感、性格特征、人类本

性、等等方面寻找行为的根源。

63)The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago ,and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and

studied.

一、通读:为and划分的并列结构

二、

1、第一句主语:The role of natural selection in evolution 谓语was

formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago:时间状语

翻译第一句主语:natural自然selection选择in 在evolution进化过程中(加上)

The role的作用

翻译状语:only a little more than a hundred years ago 仅仅在100多年前

翻译谓语:formulate(没背过……)

formulate v. formla 公式、方程式、等式 molecular formula 分子式 hedge fund 对冲基金 NASDAQ纳斯达克 formulate:(用公式、方程式……)阐明,为常考单词第一句话翻译:自然选择在进化过程中的作用仅仅在100多年前才阐明。

2、第二句主语:the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the

behavior of the individual

翻译第二句environment 环境 shaping 塑造 and和 maintaining保持 behavior of the individual 个体行为的选择 is only beginning to 才刚刚开始 be recognized

and studied认识和研究

完全翻译:自然选择在进化过程中的作用仅仅在100多年前才(得以)阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为的选择作用(则)刚刚开始(加以)认识和研究。

同传翻译:

1、翻译思维训练

2、跟读训练 1)跟读汉语 2)跟读英语

第四课时(FY04-1~4)

3、影子训练(shadow training)

考点:

1、定语从句的翻译

1)绝对重点

2)绝对考点

3)绝对绝对

翻译方法:

1)前置:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面

2)后置:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词后面

1)前置:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词前面

例1:P10 (61)Furthermore ,humans have the ability to modity the environment in which they live ,thus subjecting all other ;life forms to their own peculiar ideas

and fancies.

furthermore 而且,进一步说

furthermore /therefore /hence /thus因此、从而(为常考词)

humans 人类have 有ability 能力

modity:(人类)改造(环境),根据上下文判断

in which引导定语从句,they live前置

上半句:而且,人类有能力改造他们所居住的环境;

subject sth. to sth.

subject n. 科目、课程、主题、对象(为常考词) v.使遭受、使经历、使……服从于……

the subject of experiment 实验的对象

life form 生命形式、生活方式(根据上下文)

代词所指,首先指待明确,常常往前看,遵循就近和一致原则来确定

万不得已,仍用代词翻译或者可以用“这种情况”、”“这种说法”、“这种观点”等来翻

完全翻译:而且,人类有能力改造他们所居住的环境,从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类

自己独特的想法和想象。

例2:P5 71)But even more important ,it was the farthest that scientists had been

able to look into the past ,for① what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago .

①for 表并列,所连接的主语:what they were seeing;谓语为were,系动词;表语:the

patterns and structures

that existed 15 billion years ago,定语从句

①for前的并列结构中,it was…that,为强调结构句

强调结构的翻译方法:还原强调部分后,直接翻译

强调部分the farthest 最远的,放到后面

前半句:但是更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象

pattern:模式/形状 structure:结构

翻译:但是更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到

的是150亿年前就存在的形状和结构。

(后面一堆废话)

例3:P2 72)How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ,reliability ,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.

主语:How well the predictions will be validated by later performance 谓语:depends upon 、and on depends upon所带的宾语:the amount ,reliability ,and

appropriateness

How well the predictions will be validated by later performance predictions:预测 validate 证实 performance 表演/表现

这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,

depends upon the amount ,reliability ,and appropriateness of the information used:of the information:information修饰the amount ,reliability ,and appropriateness,先翻译information 信息;以及used 所采用的

depends upon 取决于 amount 数量 reliability 可靠性 appropriateness 适合性

/适宜性

取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性,

and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted

and on所带的宾语:the skill and wisdom

the skill 技能 wisdom 才智

定语从句with which it is interpreted:which引导词=先行词,

it指代information

还取决于解释这些信息采用的技能与才智

完全翻译:这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实,取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性

和适宜性,以及解释这些信息采用的技能与才智。

例4 P3 72) This trend began during the Second World War ,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientic establishment cannot generally cannot generally be foreseen in

detail.

主句:This trend began during the Second World War 从句由when引导,从句主语:several government 谓语:came to the conclusion 后接that引导的同位语从句

(后面拿老俞开涮,省略1W字)

同位语从句的主语:the specific demands 后接that引导的定语从句that a government wants to make of its scientic establishment 同位语从句的谓语:cannot generally

cannot generally be foreseen in detail

This trend began during the Second World War

这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间,

when several governments came to the conclusion

同位语从句和定语从句的区别

We have to face the face that he is not here .(同)同位语从句是完整句子

We have to face the face that he is looking for.(定)定语从句有时引导词等于先行

词,要在句子中充当成分,因此不完整

同位语从句的翻译方法:加冒号(起解释作用)

当时一些国家的政府得出结论

the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientic establishment cannot generally cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

the specific demands :具体要求 establishment :sth. that has been established

机构 make demand of :对……提出要求

政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求一般不能详细预见

完全翻译:这种趋势开始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论:政府要向

科研机构提出的具体要求一般不能详细预见

对前置的小结:

如果定语从句结构简单,信息负载量不大,翻译的时候前置

2)后置:把定语从句翻译到所修饰的先行词后面

例1 P8 73) Pearson has pleced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place .

Pearson:人名(不是人民!)

人名和地名:

1、遵照习惯;

2、按照音译;

第五课时(FY05-1~4)

pleced together 汇集、收集、整理 work工作/成果 produce生产、创造/编制、编定、制作 unique 独特的 millennium一千年 calendar 日历

that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place :that引导的定语从句,后置。

latest :最新的、最近的(事情发生在过去,发生的时间点最晚,离现在最近)/最晚的、

最迟的

完全翻译:皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果,编制了一个独特的技术万年历,它列出了人们有望看到的数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。

(FY-05-1后面都在讲故事,pass)

例2 P4 71)Actulally ,it isn’t ,because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights ,which is something the world does not have .

actulally 事实上it isn’t 它不是,it指代“这种情况/说法

Actulally ,it isn’t事实上这种说法是错误的/事实并非如此

assumes 假定、假设、认为

there is an agreed account of human rights

there be 句型,可加上“人们对……有……”

human right 人权 agreed一致的

人们对人权有一致的认识

which is something the world does not have :从句后置,先行词为account 认识(human right不是,因为定语从句的先行词在意思上往往是前面句子的中心词;同时,which is 是

单数,而human rights 为复数)

这种共同认识是世界上并不存在的

完全翻译:事实并非如此,因为提出这样的问题是以人们对人权有一致认识为基础的,而这

种共同的认识并不存在。

例2 P8 71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots ,and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend .

that will disable them when they offend:that引导的定语从句,里面还有个when引

导的时间状语从句,结构复杂,后置。

时态的翻译:

在考试中并非考点

增词法:

1、“过去、一直、已经、了”表示和过去相关的时态

2、“正、正在”表示和进行相关的时态

3、“将、将要、就要、将会”表示和将来相关的时态

Pearson has pieced together the work…… 现在完成时,皮尔森已经汇集了……digital age will have arrived 一般将来完成时,可翻译作“届时”…… 届时数字时代

就到来了

A great nation with 1.2 billion people ,a united prosperous China will short her Asian neighbors . 一个拥有12亿人口的伟大的国家/泱泱大国,一个团结一致、繁荣昌

盛的中国将屹立于整个亚洲。

there be 句型的翻译

1、把英语的状语翻译为汉语的主语

There is a temple on the hill(状语).山上有座庙

There are two monks in the temple(状语).庙里有两个和尚

There is a cup on the table(状语).桌上有个杯子

2、增加“人们、大家、我们”等泛指的主语

There is no agreement.人们没有达成一致。

3、翻译为汉语的无主句(有、出现、存在)

There will be a warm winter.将出现暖冬

例中为第三种情况,用“出现”

television chat 电视谈话 show 秀(太时髦,不要用)/节目 hosted by robot 由机器人主持 pollution 污染 monitor 监控器

that will disable them when they offend

offend 冒犯/污染超标、违规

disable:使……不能(行驶、运行)

完全翻译:将出现由机器人主持的电视节目以及带有污染监控器的汽车,一旦这些汽车排污

超标,监控器就会使其停驶。

例3 P1 72)“In short”,a leader of the new school contends,”the scientific revolution ,as we call it ,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable

directions.”

a leader of the new school contends:插入语

the improvement and invention and use表语,a series of instruments修饰整个表语that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.定语从句,谓语为expanded,宾语中心词为reach,of science、in innumerable directions(状语)修饰reach 定语从句的先行词是:the improvement and invention and use

school 学派 leader 领导、领袖

contend 说、指出、认为

一些常考词:contend 说、指出、认为、坚持说 argue 辩论说 claim 宣称 assert 断言 allege 断言 maintain 坚持认为、主张

(后面侃自己的年龄,pass)

第六课时(FY06-1~4)

In short 简言之 scientific revolution科学革命 as we call it所谓的 was largely 主要是指 instrument 工具 inprovement改进 invention 发明 use 使

expand 扩大 direction 方面 reach 范围/领域

完全翻译:新学派的一位领袖人物坚持说:“简言之,我们所谓的科学革命,主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用,这些改进、发明和使用在无数个方面拓展了科学的领域。”

例4 P10 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned ,orderly ,systematic ,and disapassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

长句翻译:拆分与组合

拆分:(语法)

1、拆出主语、分清从句

2、拆出主干、分清修饰

拆分点:

1、连词(and or but for)

2、引导词(when what because if who which that在引导从句时才拆分)

3、介词(不能单独存在,后面往往接名词作宾语构成介词词组、介词修饰语,拆分后介

词前是主干,介词后为修饰语)

4、分词

5、to:介词和不定式的符号

6、标点

注意!单个的单词不能拆分:However ,he and I want to go to……不用拆分

拆分实例:P10 (61)①Furthermore ,humans have the ability ②to modity the environment ③in which they live ,④thus subjecting all other life forms ⑤to their own peculiar

ideas and fancies.

拆分:

拆分出来的结果重合了考点:①、②0.5分;③、④、⑤各0.5分

拆成长短、难易程度差不多的四节

1、找3个点;

2、拆成2部分

3、拆成3部分

组合:(汉语习惯)

例4 P10 62) Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry #which seeks to study humans and their endeavors# in the same reasoned ,orderly ,systematic ,and disapassioned manner #that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

第一部分:Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

(常考)intellectual 智力的;知识 enquiry =inquiry 询问、探索、研究 acquire 获

得 require 需求,需要

intellectual enquiry:根据上下文判断,范畴比社会科学更大,因此判断是“科学研究”

社会科学是科学研究的一个分支

第二部分:which seeks to study humans and their endeavors

which引导的定语从句,后置,先行词为social science 后置定语从句如果找不到先行词,可用他(们)/她(们)/它(们)/这(些)代指

endeavor 行为、活动;努力

它试图研究人类及其行为

第四部分:that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena

像自然科学家研究自然现象一样

第三部分(后翻译):in the same reasoned ,orderly ,systematic ,and disapassioned

manner

manner 方式 in the same manner 用同样的方式

disapassion : passion 激情、热情;passioned 有激情的;disapassion 冷静的

用同样理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式

完全翻译:社会科学是科学研究的一个分支,它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象一样,用同样理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

2)后置:结构复杂、信息负载量大;常常需要重复先行词或可用代词来重复

*考研中,定语从句首先考虑后置

2、短语作定语的翻译

1)分词短语作定语

2)不定式短语作定语

3)介词短语作定语

4)形容词短语作定语

短语做定语往往放到先行词前翻译,但分词短语、不定式短语作定语有时放在后面翻译

例1 P7 75) Additional social stresses may also occur# because of the population or problems# arising mass migration movements#—themselves made relatively easy

nowadays by modern means of transport .

additional social stresses may also occur

additional 额外的/新的

新的社会压力也可能会产生

because of the population or problems

由于人口爆炸和问题

arising mass migration movements

mass 大量/大众、老百姓 migration=movement :movement←move;migration←migrate:

to move from one place to another

大量(人口)流动引起的问题

第七课时(FY07-1~4)

themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport . themselves 指代“这种大量人口流动” modern means of transport现代交通工具

如今现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易

完全翻译:由于人口爆炸和大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种

问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

例2 P5 73) Astrophysicists working with groundbased dectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures ,and may report their

findings soon .

分词短语:working with groundbased dectors at the South Pole and balloonbome

instruments

astrophysicist 天体物理学家——physicist:地理学家astro 天体的前缀

cosmos 天体、星系、星云 cosmic cloud 星云、宇宙云work with 用……工作 groundbased 以地面为基础、陆基 the South Pole 南极 balloon-borne 气球承载、球载——balloon 气球 borne :bear忍受/承载

用在南极的陆基探测器及球载仪器工作的天体物理学家/天体物理学家用在南极的陆基探测

器及球载仪器工作

分词短语或不定式短语作定语,往往放在中心词前面翻译,但有时也放在中心词后面翻译成动词短语(分词、不定式是动词的分词、不定式)

Humans have ability to modify the environment .句中modify the environment(改造环境)修饰ability,因此可翻译作:人类有改造环境的能力/有能力改造环境。

谓语:and连接起来的2个谓语:are closing in on such structures ,and may report their

findings soon .

谓语动词:closing in on (根据上下文,天体物理学家……这些结构)研究、观察、观测

structure 结构

天体物理学家天体物理学家用在南极的陆基探测器及球载仪器工作,正在越来越近地观测这

些结构,也许不久就会报告他们的发现成果。

close in on包围、围绕、逼近、研究

过去分词短语作定语:例3 P10 63) The emphasis on data gathered first-hand ,combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present , makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science .

The emphasis on data gathered first-hand

主语:The emphasis on data gathered first-hand :过去分词短语作定语修饰data,

在data前翻译

强调收集第一手资料

combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past

and present

combined with 加上 cross-cultural跨文化 perspective 观点、看法(需要记住!);

视角 brought to 被带到……中;被采用

加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用的跨文化视角

谓语:makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science

使得这一研究成为一门独特并且很重要的社会科学

完全翻译:强调收集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用的跨文化视角,使得这一研究成为一门独特并且很重要的社会科学

例4 P10 64)Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief ,art ,morals ,law ,custom ,and any other capabilities and habits acquired

by man as a member of society .”

defined as 把……定义为 complex复杂的 whole整体 moral道德 custom习俗、

风俗

which从句后置

泰勒把文化定义为一个复合体,它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、

风俗以及其他能力和习惯。

分词短语和不定式短语作定语时,常常翻译到中心词前面,但少数情况下,可以放在中心词

后面,直接翻译为动词短语。

介词和形容词短语作定语时,总是翻译在中心词前。

例5 P1 74)Galileo’s greatest glory was# that in 1609 he was the first person# to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens# to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth .

to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens 不定式短语作定语修饰person

to prove作状语

伽利略最伟大的成就在于1609年他是第一个用新发明的望远镜来观察天空的人,以证明行星是围绕太阳旋转,而不是围绕地球(旋转)。

例6 P8 72) Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips ,computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than

tools ,relaxation will be in front of small-television ,and digital age will have

arrived .

Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips

equipped with personality chips分词短语作定语搬到中心词前

儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃一起玩耍

computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than

tools

in-built 内置的

带有内置个性的计算机将会被视为工作伙伴而不是工具

relaxation will be in front of small-television ,and digital age will have arrived relaxation :n. 放松、休闲,加“人们”翻译作动词 small-television 气味电视(人们)将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字时代就将要到来了

完全翻译:儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃一起玩耍,带有内置个性的计算机将会被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视机前休闲,届时数字时代就将要到来了。

例7 P7 71) Under modern conditions ,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and

operational research experts .

this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts

主语为this ,谓语动词为requires ,带了2个宾语:varying measures以及hence连接

的help

varying measures、help后有of介词短语作定语修饰,先翻译定语

常考单词as:1、表举例,像……,同like ;

2、用作固定的状语;

3、补充说明

(后面还要讲)

在现代条件下,这需要中央控制的不同措施,从而还需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专

家的协助。

例8 P6 74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculair to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the

various branches of historical inquiry .

There is no agreement 为主干结构,后面有个whether……or(是什么……还是什么……),

因此将主干放在最后翻译

methodology 方法论: ology为“学科”的后缀,method 方法research ……to 指 concept 概念 peculair to sth .形容词短语作定语,

peculair:……所特有的

technique 技术、技巧,方法,研究方法

完全翻译:方法论是指一般历史研究中所特有的概念,还是指历史研究不同分支所适用的研

究方法,人们还没有达成共识。

3、多重并列定语的翻译

1)A of B of C结构:先翻译C,再翻译B,再翻译A

2)定语B+[A](中心词)+of C(介词短语)+in D(介词短语或分词短语);先翻译D,再

翻译C,再翻译B,再翻译A

常考单词as:1、表举例,像……,同like ;

2、用作固定的状语;

3、补充说明

(未完,待续)

例1 P5 74) If the small hot sports look as expected ,that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea ,a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary

universe theory .

as expected :as用作固定状语;如人们所料;= as we expected/ as there were expected

as is mentioned above 如上所述

第八课时(FY08-1~4)

常用疾病方面单词SARS 非典 Bird Flu 禽流感(Avian Flu) Mad Cow Disease 疯牛病 Foot and Mouth 口蹄疫 Anthrax 炭疽菌

例8 P6 74) There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculair to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the

various branches of historical inquiry .

完全翻译:如果这些小热点看上去如人们所料,那将是又一场科学理论的胜利,即更加完善

的大爆炸理论,称之为宇宙膨胀理论。

常考单词as:1、表举例,像……,同like ;

2、用作固定的状语;

3、补充说明,作为……

例2 P4 72) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract ,as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements .

一些哲学家辩论说,权利仅仅存在于社会契约中,作为责任和权利相互交换的一部分。

4、比较结构的翻译

1)as… as 和……一样

2)not so …as / not so much…as 和……不一样

3)rather than

4)less and more

5)some …others

1)as… as

例1 P6 71) Which there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians ,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant ecents of the past .

几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的定义,然而现代实践最为接近符合其中一个定义,这个定义把历史看作是试图再现和解释过去的重大历史事件。

2)not so …as / not so much…as

例2 P1 71) Science moves forward ,they say ,not so much through the insights of

great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and

tools .

they say :插入语,放在最前面翻译 Science moves forward :主语

throught 因为、由于(常考;与后文中的because一致 genius 天才

so much……as 与其说……不如说

汉语习惯前因后果,在翻译中要先说结果(先说主句再说原因从句)的时候,在主句上加“之

所以”

他们说,科学之所以向前发展与其说是因为天才伟人的洞察力,还不如说是因为像改进了的

技术和工具之类更为普遍的东西。

3)rather than ……,而不是……;与其说……不如说……(翻译的时候要把后面的部分先

翻译)

I would rather die than surrender.我宁可死而不是投降 /我与其说投降不如说去死 /

我宁死不降

例3 P4 75) When that happens ,it is not a mistake ;it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action ,an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed

at .

mankind 人类 instinct 本能 moral 道德 reasoning 推理 in action 在行动/在

起作用

当这种情况发生,这并没有错;这是人类道德推理的本能在起作用,这种本能应该受到鼓励

而不是遭到嘲笑。

4)less and more

例4 P6 72) Interest in historical methods has arisen less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal

quarrels among historians themselves .

external 外部/internal 内部 validity 有效性

discipline 学科 cross / inter disciplinary 跨/交叉学科 sociology 社会学 paychology 心理学 anthropology 人类学 psychiatry 精神病学 lingustics 语言学 aesthetics 美学 line art 美术

人们之所以对历史研究方法产生兴趣与其说是因为外部对历史研究作为一门知识学科的有效性的质疑,还不如说是因为历史学家们内部的争论。

5)some …others 一些……另外一些……

例5 P3 71) Some of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some

extent self-accelerating .

一些原因完全是社会需要的合理结果;另外一些原因则是科学在某种程度上自我加速的特定

发展的合理结果。

(04前面3分钟都在忽悠小平同志,可从3:10听起)

练习 P11 61) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought ,which took root in Europe long before people realized

how diverse languages could be .

assume 认为

希腊人认为语言的结构与思维的过程有一些联系,这种观点早在人们认识到语言的多样性之

前就在欧洲扎根。

5、被动结构的翻译原则:少用被字

1)作主宾颠倒

2)直接转化为主动

3)省略“被”

4)有时还是可以用“被”字来翻译

例1 P4 73) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset ; it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans ,or with no consideration at all .

被动句:animals should be treated

look on 旁观——onlooker 旁观者 pass by 路过——bypasser 过路人 set out 出发

——outset 开始

invite 使 consideration 关心 extend to 对待

这种说法把讨论引向极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物;要么像人类对待自己一样关心,

要么一点也不关心。

第九课时(FY09-1~4)

例2 P1 75)Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is

seen as the driving force .

主语:whether……or……谓语动词:depends on 宾语:issue

被动句:which is seen as the driving force,which引导的宾语从句;which 是疑问代

P10 61)Furthermore ,humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live ,thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies . in which they live ,in which可还原到they live 后面,因此是定语从句,例2中的句

新东方考博英语作文背诵经典

Schooling and Education It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or in the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to thepeople debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist.Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy on. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life.Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. 上学与受教育 在美国,人们通常认为上学是为了受教育。而现在却有人认为孩子们上学打断了他们受教育的过程。这种观念中的上学与受教育之间的区别非常重要。与上学相比,教育更具开放性,内容更广泛。教育不受任何限制。它可以在任何场合下进行,在淋浴时,在工作时,在厨房里或拖拉机上。它既包括在学校所受的正规教育,也包括一切非正规教育。传授知识的人可以是德高望重的老者,可以是收音机里进行政治辩论的人们,可以是小孩子,也可以是知名的科学家。上学读书多少有点可预见性,而教育往往能带来意外的发现。与陌生人的一次随意谈话可能会使人认识到自己对其它宗教其实所知甚少。人们从幼时起就开始受教育。因此,教育是一个内涵很丰富的词,它自始至终伴随人的一生,早在人们上学之前就开始了。教育应成为人生命中不可缺少的一部分。然而,上学却是一个特定的形式化了的过程。在不同场合下,它的基本形式大同小异。在全国各地,孩子们几乎在同一时刻到达学校,坐在指定的座位上,由一位成年人传授知识,使用大致相同的教材,做作业,考试等等。他们所学的现实生活中的一些片断,如字母表或政府的运作,往往受到科目范围的限制。例如,高中生们知道,在课堂上他们没法弄清楚他们社区里政治问题的真情,也不会了解到最新潮的电影制片人在做哪些尝试。学校教育这一形式化的过程是有特定的限制的。

2009年考研阅读翻译

2009年Text1 Habits are a funny thing.We reach for them mindlessly,setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,”William Wordsworth said in the19th century. In the ever-changing21st century,even the word“habit”carries a negative connotation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯,我们的大脑是自动运转的,轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择,而是习惯控制了那些没有思想的人”,这是威廉·华兹华斯(William Wordsworth)19世纪时说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪,甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation.But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits,we create parallel paths,and even entirely new brain cells,that can jump our trains of thought onto new,innovative tracks. 因此,在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯,似乎显得有点矛盾。但大脑研究人员发现,当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候,我们创建了平行路径,甚至是全新的脑细胞,可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。 Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit,we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits.In fact,the more new things we try——the more we step outside our comfort zone——the more inherently creative we become,both in the workplace and in our personal lives. 我们不要把自己看成是一成不变的习惯动物,相反,我们可以通过有意识的培养新的习惯来引导自身的改变。事实上,我们对新事物尝试得越多——就会越远地走出自己的舒适地带——我们在工作场所及个人生活中就会变得越有创造性, But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits;once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain,they’re there to stay.Instead,the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但是,不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯;一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑,它们就会留在那里。相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,”says Dawna Markova,author of The Open Mind.“But we are taught instead to‘decide,’just as our president calls himself‘the Decider.’”She adds,however,that“to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one.A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”

新东方考研英语翻译技巧_附丁雪明完型讲义

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