被动语态讲解+练习+答案

被动语态讲解

一、基本情况：英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种，主动语态

表示主语是动作的执行者

．．．，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者

．．．。

二、构成：

陈述句：主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（be有人称、数和时态的变化）

肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词

否定句：主语+be+not+及物动词的过去分词

一般疑问句：Be+主语+及物动词的过去分词+?

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式+？

三、被动语态的用法：

1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。

2．没有必要指出动作的执行者。

3．只需强调动作的承受者。

四、主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤：

1.将主动语态中的宾语

变为被动语态中的主语

．．，

主动语态中的主语变为被动语态中的介词by

．．的宾语

．．．.

2.将主动语态中的谓语动词变成“助动词be+该动词的过去分词”注．

意时态不变

．．．．．。

3.助动词要与新的主语保持“数”的一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词

时，“格”应作相应的变化。如：

Machines are made by the workers in this factory.

五、各种形式的被动语态：

（一）、各种时态的被动语态：

1．一般现在进行时的被动语态：

构成：主语+助动词am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词

A lot of books are kept in our school library.

2. 一般过去时的被动语态：

构成：主语+助动词was/were+及物动词的过去分词

A thief was caught last night.

They were asked to speak at the meeting.

3. 现在进行时的被动语态：

构成：主语+助动词am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词

A new library is being put up in the school now.

The machines are being repaired.

4. 一般将来时的被动语态：

构成：主语+will/be going to +be+及物动词的过去分词

The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.

现在完成时的被动语态：

构成：主语+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词

My bag has been stolen.

This airport has never been used.

(二)、双宾语的被动语态：

（1）含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，

常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语

．．．．．．．；

（2）也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语

．．，但此时必须在间接宾语前面加上介词to或for。

1.He gave me a pen.

→I was given a pen by him.

→A pen was given to me by him.

2.She drew them a picture yesterday.

→They were drawn a picture yesterday.

→A picture was drawn for them yesterday. 注意：give, pass, lend, write, show tell 等动词后的介词用to draw, buy, make, find, cook, keep等动词后的介词用for

（三）复合宾语的被动语态：

若主动语态的句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”则变为“宾作主，宾补变主补”

→He was asked to help

注意：to，但变被动句时to必须还原。

The boss made her work for 16 hours a day.

→She was made to work for 16 hours by her boss a day.

类似的词有：ask, tell, invent, except, warn, advise, make, let, hear, see, watch, feel, notice.

但类似see sb. doing sth.的句子时则这样变：

I hear him reading in the room.

→He was heard reading in the room by me.

（四）、短语动词的被动语态：

有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。但要注意，短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。

1.The teachers take good care of the children.

→The children are taken good care of (by the teachers).

2.They have sent for the doctor.

→The doctor has been sent for.

(五)、含有情动词的被动语态：(had better, would like, have to, be able to, be going to)

构成：“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”

We must plant trees.

→Trees must be planted.

肯定句：Books can be taken out of the library.

否定句：Books can’t be taken out of the library.

疑问句：Can books be taken out of the library?

(六)、以下情况的主动语态不能变为被动语态：

不及物动词及部分短语动词词组(take place; happen; break out; belong to)没有被动语态，因为没有宾语可变作主语。

The story happene d in 1999.

A fire broke out in his house.

The dictionary belongs to me.

The meeting will take place next Monday.

=The meeting will be held next Monday.

2．表状态的动词（cost; last; take have; sell; fit; become等）不能用于被动语态。

The pen costs five yuan.

Cold weather lasts long.

This kind of dictionary sells well.

3.当宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时。

We had a swim in the river yesterday.

The teacher walked into the classroom.

4.当宾语为动词不定式或Ving时。

I want to write a letter.

She finished reading the book.

5.当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。

Y ou should take care of yourself.

They often help each other.

6.当宾语起状语作用时，表示数量、长度、大小、程度、地点、或处所

及方位之类时。

The coat cost 100 yuan.（表数量）

I paid ten yuan for the dictionary.

7.当系动词作谓语时。（look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, get,

turn, become, keep, is, fall等）

He looks worried.

The flowers smell good.

被动语态练习

Ⅰ单项选择

1. Good books ____ again and again.

A. should be readed

B. should be read

C. must read

D. ought to read

2. The children ____ by the nurse.

A. were looked

B. looked after

C. were looked after

D. looked

3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he ____ to them.

A. gave, didn't listen

B. was given, wasn't listened

C. give, wasn't listened

D. was given, didn't listen

4. When____ the accident _____ ?

A. was, happen

B. did, happen

C. is, happen

D. was, happened

5. The question ____ by us soon.

A. is going to discuss

B. will discuss

C. is going to be discussed

D. has been discussed

6. The lab ____ about five years ago.

A. was builded

B. was built

C. builds

D. has been built

7. A lot of tall buildings _____ in his hometown in the last three years.

A. have set up

B. have been set up

C. were set up

D. set up

8. They ____ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.

A. had finished

B. have finished

C. had been finished

D. have been finished

9. Rice ___ also _____ in their hometown.

A. is…grown

B. is…grew

C. was…grew

D. was…grown

10. He ____ by the teachers.

A. is always praised

B. praises

C. have been praised

D. always is praised

11. Great changes ____ place. Many new schools____ .

A. have taken, have been opened

B. take, are open

C. are taken, open

D. have been taken, are opened

12. The picture______ in October, 1996.

A. was taking

B. had been taken

C. was taken

D. had taken

13. We can't use the bridge now, because it______ .

A. has been repaired

B. is repairing

C. is repaired

D. is being repaired

14. I ______the way to the railway station by a policeman.

A. was shown

B. showed

C. have shown

D. was showing

15. The war______ in 1941.

A. broke out

B. had been broken out

C. was broken out

D. had broken out

16. When water______ , it will be changed into vapour.

A. is heated

B. heating

C. has heated

D. heats

17. We can't enter the room because its door______ .

A. locked

B. locks

C. is locked

D. is locking

18. They ______day and night.

A. are made work

B. are made to work

C. made to be worked

D. are making to work

19. Chang'an Road is ______of people.

A. filled

B. fill

C. full

D. fulled

20. Man-made satellites ______into space by many countries.

A. was sent up

B. is sent up

C. have been sent up

D. has been sent up

21. This English song _____ often _____ by the children.

A. is, singing

B. is, sung

C. will, sing

D. was, sung

22.The windows of our house _____once a week.

A. must clean

B. have cleaned

C. is cleaned

D. are cleaned

23. When ______ the People's Republic of China_____ ?

A. was, found

B. was, founded

C. did, found

D. does, found

24. Mary's radio ______ by my brother just now.

A. will be mended

B. has mended

C. was mended

D. mended

25. Y our exercise books _____ after class.

A. will hand in

B. must hand in

C. handed in

D. must be handed in

26. Some trees may ______ at other times of the year.

A. be planted

B. plant

C. are planted

D. will be planted

27. The sun _____ at night as usual.

A. can be seen

B. can't see

C. can't be seen

D. doesn't see

28. A new English play _____ there next week.

A. will put on

B. will be put on

C. is going to put on

D. will be putted on

29. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.

A. was happened

B. has been happened

C. happened

D. was going to happen

30. The glass ______ . It _____ by little Tom this morning.

A. broke, is broken

B. is broken, was broken

C. was broken, broke

D. has been broken, broken

Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态

1. I saw the boy run yesterday.

2. He told me that he would come back soon.

3. Y ou can find a lot of differences between the two languages.

4. Do you water your flowers every day?

5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.

6. I think that he is right.

7. He had not thrown the bad food.

8. Mother was not mending the trousers.

9. They would not take him to Beijing.

10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.

参考答案

Ⅰ单项选择

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. A

9. A 10. A

11. A 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A

16. A 17. C 18. B 19. C 20. C

21.B 22. D 23.B 24. C 25.D

26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B

Ⅱ、把下列句子改为被动语态

1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.

2. I was told that he would come back soon.

3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.

4. Are your flowers watered every day?

5. The big tree was blown down last night.

6. It is thought that he is right.

7. The bad food had not been thrown.

8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother.

9. He would not be taken to Beijing.

10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.

英语动词被动语态专项及解析

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2015整理被动语态讲解及练习(附答案)

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