中考英语基础突破19

（目前xuwei540022用户以为广大师生准备一系列中考英语突破系列-语法-听说-阅读-写作-基础unit1~unit20，欢迎下载）（本系列资料非课本仅供中考复习）谢谢

初三英语基础

Unit 19 KEEPING SAFE

学习目标（Language Goal）

1.学会如何保护自己以及他人

2. 掌握主谓一致

3．了解插入语的用法

Cars are lots of fun, but they could also be dangerous. We have to be careful when we drive them or ride in them.

It's always a good idea to put on your seat belt when you're in a car. Why? Think about this example: Y ou put an egg on a skateboard and give it a push. If the skateboard hits a stone, it will stop, but the egg won't. It will fly through the air, hit the ground and break.

Now, think what would happen if you tied the egg to the skateboard. When the skateboard hits a stone, the egg won't go flying, it will stay safely on the skateboard.

V olvo, a famous Swedish car maker, was the first to use seat belts in 1849.

Air bags are also very important for car safety, because sometimes a seat belt isn't enough. If the car is going really fast and runs into something, seat belts could even hurt the people who wear them.

Most new cars have air bags in front of and next to the seats. When a car hits something, its air bags will come out quickly – in less than one second – to keep the people inside safe.

主谓一致(Subject- V erb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.

可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.

(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项:

1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.

如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.

No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。

2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:

The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)

A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)

用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:

Serving the people is my great happiness.

为人民服务是我最大的幸福.

When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.

我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.

Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.

No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.

Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。

5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:

Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。

6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:

Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.

More than one student was late. 不止一个学生迟到

More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。

7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:

None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。

None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。

8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:

A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。

9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:

Only one and a half apples is left on the table.

注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:

One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。

(二) 内容一致原则:

1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:

The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车，今天出售。

60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。

Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。

Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:

A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。

A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3. 加减乘除用单数.如:

Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。

4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:

Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。

5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.

如:

The British police have only very limited powers.

(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.

(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:

The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。

6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:

The injured were saved after the fire.

(三) 就近原则

1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如:

Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.

Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。

Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?

你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢？

2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如：

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.

He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。

注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。

The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

插入语

插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解，还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多，常见的如下几种：

一、形容词（短语）作插入语。

能用作插入语的形容词（短语）常见的有：true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all，sure enough等。

如：

True，it would be too bad.

真的，太糟了。

Wonderful，we have won again.

太好了，我们又赢了。

Strange to say，he hasn’t got my letter up to now.

说来也奇怪，他到现在还没有收到我的信。

Most important of all，we must learn all the skills.

最重要的是，我们必须掌握所有的技巧。

二、副词（短语）作插入语。

能用作插入语的副词（短语）有：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally，personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather等。

如：

When he got to there，he found，however，that the weather was too bad.

可是到了那儿之后他发现，那儿的天气太坏了。

Otherwise，he would still be at home.

不然的话，他还会在家的。

三、介词短语作插入语。

能用作插入语的介词短语有：in fact，in one’s opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to one’s surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief等。

如：

Y ou can’t wait anymore-in other words，you should start at once.

你不能再等了——换言之，你得立即出发。

On the contrary，we should strengthen our corporation with them.

相反，我们应该加强和他们的合作。

四、V-ing（短语）作插入语。

能用作插入语的V-ing（短语）常见的有：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of，considering等。

如：

Generally speaking，the weather there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.

一般来说，那儿的气候冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。

Judging by his clothes，he may be an artist.

从衣着来判断，他可能是个艺术家。

五、不定式短语作插入语。

能用作插入语的不定式短语有：to be frank，to be honest，to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make matters worse，to sum up，to start with，to begin with等。

如：

To be frank，I don’t quite agree with you.

坦率地说，我不太同意你的意见。

To tell you the truth，I’m not so interested in the matter.

跟你说实话，我对这件事情的兴趣不大。

To sum up，success results from hard work.

总而言之，成功是艰苦努力的结果。

六、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）作插入语。

能用作插入语的句子有：I am sure，I believe，I think，I know，I suppose，I hope，I’m afraid，you see，what’s more，that is to say，as we know，as I see，believe it or not等。

如：

Some animals only half-hibernate，that is to say，their sleep is not such a deep one.

有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说，它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。

I believe，China will catch up with the developed countries sooner or later.

我确信，中国迟早会赶上发达国家。

He can’t pass the exam，because he doesn’t study hard. What’s more，he isn’t so clever.

他不能通过这次考试，因为他学习不认真，更何况他又不太聪明。

A bully is a person who enjoys hurting other people. A bully can hurt people with words or by hitting them. 85% of children in the UK have been bullied（欺侮）at least once.

How can I tell if a person is a bully?

He or she will…

?try to find your weak point—perhaps you are shy, nervous or easily made worried.

?make fun of（取笑）you in front of your friends.

?borrow money then won’t pay you back.

What can I do if a bully bothers （骚扰）me?

?Tell the bully to leave you alone.

?Do not be afraid to ask other people for help, even though the bully tells you not to.

?Do not feel ashamed（羞愧）because you have been bullied. Y ou have done nothing wrong! The bully should feel ashamed.

?Do not believe the bad things a bully says about you.

What should I do if I see a bully bothering someone?

?Help people who are being bullied, even though you don’t know them.

?Be a friend to people who are bullied.

?Tell a teacher if you see bullying.

?Tell bullies to stop. Sometimes bullies are afraid, too.

Why do some people become bullies?

Some bullies…

?have never learnt to think about other people’s feelings.

?don’t like themselves, so they are sad. They think they will be h appy if they make another person sad.

?have been bullied themselves by other bullies.

Can bullies change?

Y es! Bullies can change when they learn to think about other people’s feelings.

Sometimes bullies must be punished（惩罚）before they understand. Sometimes, bullies just need friends.

Winter is dangerous because it’s so difficult to know what is going to happen and accidents take place so easily. Fog can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill. Ice might be hiding under the melting (融化) snow, waiting ahead (前面) to send you off the road. The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the road.

Rule Number One for driving on icy roads is to drive smoothly (平稳地). Sudden movements can make a car very difficult to control. So every time you either start or stop your car, increase or reduce your speed, you must be as gentle and slow as possible. Suppose you are driving with a full cup of hot coffee on the seat next to you. Drive so that you wouldn’t spill (溅) it.

Rule Number Two is to pay attention to what might happen. The more ice there is, the further down the road you have to look. Test how long it takes to gently stop your car. Remember that you

may be driving more quickly than you think. Generally, allow twice of your usual stopping distance when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow, and even more on ice. Try to stay in control of your car at all time and you will not get into trouble. (选自2003年上海市试题)

1.The writer tries to _____ in this passage.

A. show his dislikes about bad winter weather

B.give information about winter weather

C.ask people not to drive in winter

D.advise people about safe driving in winter

2.People can _____ after reading this passage.

A. find out about the weather

B.get some information on driving lessons

C.learn about better driving

D.decide which is the best season for traveling

3.According to the passage, the writer thinks that _______.

A. people should not drive in the snow

B. drivers should think more about problems in winter driving

C. people drive too fast in winter

D. winter drivers should stop their cars less

4.In the passage he writer talks about a cup of coffee ______.

A. to show how important smooth movements are

B. to ask the drivers to bring some soft drinks with them

C. to tell the drivers to be more relaxed

D. to show how it an be spilled

5.Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.

B. Fog and melting snow often cause car accidents.

C. The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.

D. In winter you should drive your car with great care.

6.Which traffic sign shows the main idea of the passage?

1.D

2.C.

3.B

4.A.

5.C.

6.B.

常用动词习惯用法

2. allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.

2. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做某事（叫某人不要去做某事）

My father asked me to study hard.

He asked me not to swim alone.

be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事

I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.

3. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

She is afraid to ask me questions.

4. be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事

I am afraid of going out at night.

5. be afaid of sth 害怕某物

He is afraid of snakes.

6. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶

He was amazed to meet the girl there.

be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶

they were amazed at the news.

7. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考）

e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。

I am busy with my work.

8. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（某些位移动词用进行时态时表将来）the bus is coming/the dog is dying.

9. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋

Jacky was excited to travel there by plane.

be excited at sth

Lily was excited at his words.

be excited about doing sth

he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books.

10. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事

Sam is frightened to ride a horse.

11. be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事

she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.

be pleased to do sth高兴做某事

she was pleased to help the old man yesterday.

be pleased with sth 对某事感到高兴/满意

the teacher was pleased with my answer.

12. be interested in sth/doing sth 对某事感兴趣/对做某事感兴趣

she is interested in swimming in the river.

My brother is interested in Chinese.

13. be/get ready for/to do sth

Be ready for sth 为某事做好了准备

We are ready for the exam.

Be ready to do sth 为做某事做好了准备

We are ready to have a birthday party for her.

get ready for sth为某事在做准备

We are getting ready for the exam.

get ready for sth 为做某事而做准备

13. be sorry to do sth 对做某事感到抱歉

14. be surprised to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇

be surprised at sth 对某事感到惊奇

15. be worth doing sth 值得做某事（worth 后接动词-ing形式，常考）

16. begin to do sth

begin/start to do/doing sth

17. can/be able to afford (to buy) sth 有能力购买（供）……

18. can/may/must do sth could/would/should/might do sth

19. can’t wait to do sth 迫不急待地去做某事

20. decide to do sth 决定去做某事

make up one’s mind to do sth 下决心去做某事（常考）

make a decision to do sth 对做某事作出决定

中考英语基础测试题 张文路.doc

、单选 1.Dad, Pve got an "A" in the math exam. -Great. And I'm sure you will do better, because this is a good A. report B. result C. start D. skill 2.Its eight o'clock. The students an English class. A. have B. having C. is having D. are having 3.Listen! The baby in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries -Can I help you, sir? —I'd like to have 100. I want my students to draw pictures. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. pieces of papers 4.Three years not a long time. A. is B. are C. has D. be 5.His family going to have a long journey. A. has B. have C. is D. are 7.Who over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing 8.Two hours enough for me to finish the work. A. is B. are C. have D. were 9.--- Mum, the Chinese medicine tastes so that I don't want to take it.

2017年武汉市中考英语试题及答案(word版) (2)

三、完形填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分) On 28 of March Richard Byrd stood outside the small house. He shook hands with the men who were leaving. They were heading back to the main camp on the coast of Antarctica南极洲. He would __41__ to work at the base camp. “I don’t like leaving you here alone,” Pete Demas said. “I’ll be __42__ ,” Byrd replied. He was looking forward to the challenge of spending the winter at the base camp. He would be recording the weather. There was plenty of food and fuel燃料in the tiny house. He felt sure __43__ would go wrong. But something did go wrong. Byrd was burning the fuel for __44__. But the fumes有毒气体were not leaving the house. Slowly he was being poisoned中毒. On May 31 he broke down. When he came to, he made himself into his sleeping bag. Three days later he __45 __ it was a Sunday. The men would be __46__ his radio message. Byrd moved hard out of bed and __47__ the call. He didn’t want the men to know how __48__ he was. It was too dangerous for them to come to save him. By will-power alone, Byrd managed to stay alive. He was so __49__ that he could hardly walk. But he forced himself to do the basics. He __50__ food and made himself eat. He took __51__ of weather and sent radio messages. But by late June, the men __52__ that something was wrong. Most of the time, Byrd’s messages made no sense. On August 11 Demas and two others reached the base camp. They __53__ recognized认出Byrd. He was very thin and looked terrible. Byrd __54__ them and then fell to the ground. The men had arrived in time. After two months of care, Byrd’s good __55__ returned. He and his men worked together again. 1. A regret B leave C agree D stay 2. A free B fine C lonely D nervous 3. A something B everything C anything D nothing 4. A hear B light C safety D food 5. A hoped B imagined C learnt D realized 6. A expecting B sending C leaving D testing 7. A returned B made C took D missed 8. A brave B sorry C sick D calm 9. A hungry B weak C tired D cold 10.A cooked B served C tasted D stored 11.A photos B notes C reports D lessons 12.A Heard B complained C guessed D discovered 13.A never B even C hardly D almost 14.A greeted B stopped C thanked D visited 15.A luck B memory C dream D health 四、阅读理解(共15小题,每小题2分,满分30分) B

8年级(上册)英语基础训练答案

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