2013-2018年高考英语试题分项解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含

专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气

2018年高考题

1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______

have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

A. would

B. should

C. could

D. might

【答案】B

点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that... 主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气，表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情，完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较： It is strange that he had made a mistake.（陈述一个事实：他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。） It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake. （虚拟语气，说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。）

2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.

A. had

B. will have

C. would have had

D. have had

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。

点睛：本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时，可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。

3.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm

not sure.

A. should leave

B. must have left

C. might leave

D. could have left

【答案】D

点睛：情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点：第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词 + have done；如果是对现在事情的推测，才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测，表示“一定”，could为不肯定推测，表示“可能”，这样就能选出正确答案。

4.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.

A. need

B. should

C. can

D. must

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。

点睛：can的基本用法：1. (表示能力、功能)能，会；2. (表示推测)可能，可能会；3.（表示允许，请求）可以；4.（表示客观可能性）有时会。

5.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.

A. drove

B. would drive

C. were to drive

D. had driven

【答案】D

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。

点睛：1. 表示对现在的虚拟：if条件句用一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do；2. 表示

对过去的虚拟：if条件句用过去完成时，主句用would/might/could/should+have done；3. 表示对将来的虚拟：if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时，主句用would/might/could/should+do。

6.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach

A. had caught

B. caught

C. have caught

D. would catch

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。

点睛：本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间，一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气，从句与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed，主句与现在事实相反。

2017年高考题

【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.

A. must

B. should

C. can

D. need

【答案】C

考点：考查情态动词

【名师点睛】

常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等

1. can 的用法：

①表示能力“能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。

②表示请求或许可“可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗?

③表示猜测“可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?

2.may 的用法：

①表示请求或允许“可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗?

②表示可能性“ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。

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