清华大学出版社工程硕士英语基础教程2006版课后题及答案7-15单元
第七课
一、词汇和短语
I. 选词填空
access allege barrier indictment sophisticated
feature vulnerable devise legacy via
transformation outsmart patrol trip
1. Transformation in the color of sea water from blue to green seems to be caused by high and low concentration of salt.
2. Students must have access to good books.
3. Poor health and lack money may both be barriers to educational progress.
4. It was so kind of you to send that message via Jim.
5. It has been necessary to devise a system of universal schooling.
6. The report alleged that the motive was financial.
7. These characteristics of British industry are a legacy of pre-war unemployment.
8. These planes are among the most sophisticated aircraft now being manufactured.
9. It is a striking indictment of our educational system that so many children cannot read or write.
10. Lack of employment tends to make women vulnerable to depression.
II. 同义词
1. buy purchase 5. social environment atmosphere
2. accusation indictment 6. watch surveillance
3. complex complicated 7. change transformation
4. safe secure 8. barrier barricade
III．用介词或副词填空
1. IF other means fail, we shall resort to force.
2. Ray went out, leaving the door on the latch.
3. Police are keeping the area under constant surveillance.
4. Cruel experiments on animals are carried out in the name of science.
5. They’ve had technical problems at any rate that’s what they told me.
6. The web was only attached to the leaf by one thread.
7. Is the video hooked up to the TV?
8. “My name is Dean E. Beller.” “What does the E stand for?”
9. Will you take over the driving when we reach Madison.
10. The growling of dogs held the strangers at bay.
二、翻译
I. 汉译英（使用括号中给出的词或短语）
1. 如果你卷入别人的问题，你很可能会以陷入不愉快的境况而告终。（chances are that）
If you get involved in other people’s problems, the chances are that you will end up in an unpleasant situation.
2. 他认为保卫祖国抵御敌人是自己的职责。（defend against）
He thinks it a duty to defend his country against enemies.
3. 不要太重视他的话。（attach to）
Don’t attach too much importance to what he said.
4. 住宅逐渐消失，慢慢变成了办公室。（take over）
The home is vanishing and business office is taking over.
5. 他应该已经在工作，但是他却在忙别的事情。（otherwise）
He should have been working but he was otherwise engaged.
6. 他从来没有想过她也许是在撒谎。（occur to）
It never occurs to him that she might be telling lies.
7. 他还没想好将来要干什么。（figure out）
He was not yet figured out what he is going to do.
8. 他们以五个坐席的微弱优势获胜。（margin）
They won by the small margin of five seats.
9. 回想起我们在那里度过的一个月，我们心中充满了感激之情。（look back on）
As we look back on the month we spent here, our hearts are filled with gratitude.
10. 这辆汽车很旧，但不管怎样，花费的钱不多。（at any rate）
It’s a very old car, but at any rate, it was not expensive.
11. 他们不能使用煤气炉，因为还没安装好。（hook up）
They could not use the gas stove because it had not been hooked up.
12. 他忘记自己应该维持秩序了。（be supposed to）
He forgot he was supposed to be keeping order.
II. 英译汉
1. In this essay, Greene regrets that people can no longer trust each other and have to resort to elaborate security systems to protect themselves and their valuables.
在本文中，格林遗憾地指出人们已经不再互相信任，不得不求助于各种复杂的安全设备来保护自身及其财产。
2. Statistics show the crime rate is rising more dramatically in those allegedly tranquil areas than in cities.
统计数据标明，在那些据称平静的地区，犯罪率的上升较之城市还要显著。
3. The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to out way of life?
诚然，广告显示的是保险公司会为你失窃的东西负责，但是又有谁会补偿这种不信任和恐惧的气氛给我
们的生活带来的改变呢？
4. It simply didn’t occur to managers that the proper thing to do was to distrust people.
经理们从没想过不信任别人是正常的行为。
5. It was such a relief to solve this problem that we did not think much about what such a state of affairs says about the quality of our lives.
解决这样的问题使我们松了一口气，以至于我们不去考虑这种情况对我们的生活质量意味着什么。
三、语法
I. 汉译英（用定语从句）
1. 你去过九寨沟吗？那可是个好地方。
Have you ever been to Jiuzhaigou, which is a wonderful place.
2. 汤姆向老师解释了他迟到的原因。
Tom explained to his teacher the reason why he was late.
3. 这是小王最爱去的餐馆之一。
This is one of the restaurants where Xiao Wang likes to visit most.
4. 她就是昨天给我们做报告的教授。
She is the professor who gave us a lecture yesterday.
5. 北京是全国人民向往的首都。
Beijing is the capital city which all the people in China long for.
6. 我们班有33名同学，其中10人来自上海。
There are 33 students in our class, ten of whom come from Shanghai.
7. 图书馆是学生自习的好地方。
The library is a good place where students like to have self-study.
8. 这就是多年前毛主席用过的书桌。
This is the desk which Chairman Mao used many years ago.
9. 他向我们详细介绍了研究的过程，这对我们来说非常重要。
He gave us a detail introduction about the process of the research, which is very important to us.
10. 他们还没有决定他们去上海的时间。
They haven’t decided the time when they will go to Shanghai.
II. 选择适当的词语填空
1. He often visited the grain mill of Peter, who liked to experiment with new things.
A. that likes
B. whom liked
C. who liked
D. which liked
2. She found a place in the building which she used as her first laboratory.
A. which
B. where
C. in which
D. when
3. Do you know the exact time when the meeting will begin?
A. which
B. when
C. why
D. as
4. She wanted to join the group of men whose work was to explore the mysteries of the mountains.
A. their work
B. who work
C. who
D. whose work
5. This is the reason why an airplane can’t fly in space.
A. for that
B. which
C. why
D. where
6. More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming popular here.
A. that
B. it
C. which
D. what
7. The factory in which I worked last year was equipped with the latest machinery.
A. which I worked
B. in which I worked
C. for which I worked in
D. where I worked in
8. This is the house about which I wrote to you last year when I was in this city.
A. about that I wrote to you C. about which I wrote to you
B. that I wrote to you D. which I wrote to you
9. He is the very man whom we have been looking for.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. that
10. It’s the best film that I’ve ever seen.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
11. This is Peter whose sister you met last week.
A. his sister
B. whose sister
C. that sister
D. the sister whom
12. These were the graduate assistants whose responsibility it was to do the research work in the lab.
A. to whom it was their responsibility C. whose responsibility it was
B. whose responsibility there was D. of whom with the responsibility
13. He will never forget the days when he spent with his grandma.
A. that
B. when
C. where
D. on which
14. The tree, the branches of which are almost bare, is very old one.
A. whose
B. in which
C. of which
D. which
15. An old friend from abroad, whom I was expecting to stay with me, telephoned from the airport.
A. which
B. from which
C. whom
D. that
第八课
一、词汇和短语
I. 选词填空
mark reserve review ashamed wrap
stifle stick withdraw assure hug
1. The shop assistant wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible.
2. I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed of myself now.
3. Hugs have a long tradition here, just to show friendliness to each other.
4. Don’t forget to mark your calendar for The 50th Annual CSI Show & Convention in Las V egas, March 29 ~ April 1.
5. I am stifling in this close room.
6. We reserve all rights to allow or terminate a membership without any prior notification.
7. Nothing in history assures the success of out civilization.
8. The passengers withdrew against the wall as the car passed by.
9. The wheels of the car stuck in the mud and we could not go on.
10. If you wish to review a book that you already own or have access to for Social Thought and Research, feel free to submit it.
II. 词型转换
1. withdraw (adj.) withdrawn
2. hug (n.) hug
3. reserve (n.) reservation
4. assure (n.) assurance
5. clumsily (adj.) clumsy
6. realize (n.) realization
7. ashamed (n.) ashamedness
8. wed (n.) wedding
9. terminate (adv.) terminal
10. encourage (n.) encouragement
III. 用合适的介词或副词填空
1. As she stood in front of her 5th grade class on the very first day of school, she told the children an untruth.
2. Mrs. Thompson had watched Teddy the year before and noticed that he didn’t play well with the other children, that his clothes were messy and that he constantly needed a bath.
3. However, when she reviewed his file, she was in for a surprise.
4. His mother’s death has been hard on him.
5. By now, Mrs. Thompson realized the problem and she was ashamed of herself.
6. Some of the children started to laugh when she found a rhinestone bracelet with some of the stones missing, and a bottle that was one quarter full of perfume.
7. Teddy Stoddard stayed after school that day just long to say, “Mrs. Thompson today you smelled just like my Mom used to.”
8. Six years went by before she got another note from Teddy.
9. This time he explained that after he got his bachelor’s degree, he decided to go a little further.
10. He explained that his father had died a couple of years ago and he was wondering if Mrs. Thompson might agree to sit at the wedding in the place that was usually reserved for the mother of the groom.
二、翻译
I. 英译汉
1. As she stood in front of her 5th grade class on the very first day of school, she told the children an untruth.
开学第一天，当她站在五年级班级的面前，她对孩子们说了一句不实在的话。
2. Mrs. Thompson had watched Teddy the year before and noticed that he didn’t play well with the other children, that his clothes were messy and that he constantly needed a bath.
汤普森女士一年前就见到泰迪了，还注意到他无法和其他孩子融洽地在一起玩，他衣服很脏，总是一副没洗澡的样子。
3. Teddy is an excellent student, well liked by his classmates, but he is troubled because his mother has a terminal illness and life at home must be a struggle.
泰迪是很优秀的学生，很受同学们的喜爱。但他母亲得了绝症，他为此而困扰，家里的生活一定很艰苦。
4. But she stifled the children’s laughter when she exclaimed how pretty the bracelet was, putting it on, and dabbing some of the perfume on her wrist.
但她惊喜的称赞手镯漂亮，把它戴在手上，并把香水轻轻地拍在她的手腕上。这些动作止住了孩子们的笑声。
5. Four years after that, she got another letter, saying that while things had been tough at times, he’d stayed in school, had stuck with it, and would soon graduate from college with the highest of honors.
四年后，她收到了另一封信，说他尽管时常遇到困难，他仍留在学校学习，坚持了下来，他即将以最优异的成绩从大学毕业。
II. 汉译英
1. 最近，我有一个朋友辞去了他公司里的那份工资高但要求也高的工作。（quit）
One of my friends has decided to quit his highly-paid but demanding position in his company recently.
2. 她以烹饪美食为乐。（take delight (in) doing sth.）
She takes delight in cooking lovely meals.
3. 她要查询是否给她预定了房间。（reserve for）
She wanted to check if there was a room reserved for her.
4. 当你打开立体图书，你肯定会大吃一惊。（be in for）
When you open the pop-up book, you’re in for a big surprise.
5. 他一生中的两大爱好是音乐和绘画。（interest）
His two great interests in life are music and painting.
6. 婚礼以后，我们就回到中国去，因为我们在那里工作，并且打算在那里生活。（wedding）
After the wedding we’ll be returning to China, where we work and plan to live.
7. 他们都饿了，因而感到饭菜喷香。（smell）
They were all hungry and the food smelt good.
8. 树越高，风越大。（the…the…）
The higher the tree, the stronger the wind.
9. 他的妻子开玩笑说跟他结婚的是他的工作。（marry）
His wife joked that he was married to his work.
10. 这本书还到图书馆时，缺了12页。（missing）
When the book was returned to the library, it had 12 pages missing.
三、语法
I. 选择适当的词填空
1. He walked into the restaurant as if it had belonged to him.
A. like
B. as if
C. so that
D. if
2. Don’t eat that fruit unless it ripe.
A. unless
B. in case
C. if
D. so that
3. I don’t think it’ll rain, but I’ll take an umbrella in case it does.
A. before
B. in case
C. unless
D. as if
4. She felt very silly when everyone laughed at her question.
A. after
B. before
C. when
D. as soon as
5. He insured his car in case he had an accident.
A. unless
B. if
C. in case
D. since
6. Put your luggage in the van quickly now that the train will be off in a minute.
A. when
B. now that
C. so that
D. unless
7. That’s a good suggestion! Let’s finish our work now so that we can be free this evening.
A. after
B. because
C. than
D. so that
8. Even if we can make laws to protect certain animals, we are frequently incapable of controlling the environment.
A. Even if
B. Whatever
C. After
D. However
9. Rare animals are still hunted, even though we can now imitate their skins with other materials.
A. when
B. ever since
C. so that
D. even though
10. Unless you understand this rule, you’ll have difficulty.
A. While
B. Once
C. Though
D. Unless
11. The doctor urges that he should have an operation on his back so that his health will improve quickly.
A. though
B. before
C. so that
D. as soon as
12. They went wherever they could find a good job.
A. where
B. wherever
C. when
D. unless
13. No matter who inspected this radio, he should have put his identification number on the box.
A. That
B. No matter who
C. Whatever
D. Whomever
14. Although what happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. it
15. What woke me up last night was a big noise.
A. How
B. What
C. That
D. Why
II. 汉译英
1. 由于我离开得太匆忙，忘记带课本了。（leave in a big hurry）
As I left in a big hurry, I forgot to bring the textbook with me.
2. 如果你能保持整洁的话，我们可以让你使用这个房间。（keep…clean and tidy）
If you can keep the room clean and tidy, we will let you use it.
3. 虽然不想参加宴会，她还是接受了邀请。
She accepted the invitation even though she didn’t really want to attend the party.
4. 只要我们不灰心，我们一定能够找到解决问题的办法。（lose heart）
So long as we don’t lose heart, we will be able to find the way to solve the problem.
5. 这项工程完成的比我们预计的要早。
This project was completed earlier than we expected.
6. 我不知道在会议上采取了什么决定，因为我们的代表还没有向我汇报。
I don’t know what decisions were made at the conference because our representative hasn’t report to me yet.
7. 今天早上他起床晚了，所以没有赶上汽车。
He got up late this morning, so he missed the bus.
8. 假如我们弄不到设备的话，我们将怎么办？
Supposing we can’t get the necessary equipment what should we do then?
9. 他感到失望，因为工作没有达到预期的水平。（come up to what was expected）
He felt disappointed, for his work didn’t come to what was expected.
10. 当他到家的时候，他发现房子已经起火了。
When he got home he found that the house had been on fire.
第九课
一、词汇和短语
I. 选词填空
average dominate perspective effectively motivate
in a sense enlighten mount operate regardless of advance lead replicate participatory more likely than not
1. His wife left him when the children were small, so he effectively bought up the family himself.
2. More likely than not, she’ll end up in court over this problem.
3. We’re looking for someone who will be able to motivate the staff to work hard.
4. She is right, in a sense, because we did agree to wait, but only until June.
5. Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened.
6. He tends to view most issues from a philosophical perspective.
7. They work as a group—no one person is allowed to dominate.
8. The plan for a new office tower went ahead regardless of local opposition.
9. The average people are a lot better off than they were forty years ago.
10. Harlem has been advanced to a higher position.
11. As the organizer of the team, he took the lead in setting the pace of the project.
12. Scientists successfully found that some kinds of bacteria grow very fast because they can replicate by themselves.
13. Managers of this generation are more likely to exercise participatory management in their own companies.
14. Without strong background of education and skills, it is very hard for anyone to operate a business successfully.
15. Rapid mounting of daily expenses is a threat to social stability.
II. 用合适的介词或副词填空
1. The developing countries have to compete with the developed for world market.
2. It is always very difficult to have this group of people to be of the same mind.
3. At that time, the United States had a huge technological lead over all of the rest in the world.
4. Finally, at the graduate level, James recognized his own value.
5. It is not right to shift the blame to anyone else.
6. The girls bet the boys a big fancy cake on their winning the game.
7. Health is above wealth in that the latter cannot give so much happiness as the former.
8. Some sparrows are six inches long, but on average they are still smaller than magpies.
9. They’ve finally got over the situation.
10. Such things as silver and gold are incomparable with love.
III. 词义解释
1. participatory 参加的，参与的
2. competitiveness 有竞争性
3. superiority 优越性
4. statistical 统计学的，以数据表示的
5. globalization 全球一体化
6. telecommunication 电信
7. productive 有生产能力的，富有成效的 8. demography 人口学，人口统计学
二、翻译
I. 英译汉
1. The globalization of the world’s capital markets that has occurred in the past 10 years will be replicated right across the economy in the next decade.
过去10年在世界资本市场中出现的全球化在未来10年中，也将在整个经济中重现。
2. Demography and changing social mores mean that white males will become a smaller fraction of the work force as women and minorities grow in importance.
人口统计和不断变化中的社会习俗意味着，随着妇女和少数民族重要性的增加，白人男性在劳动力群体中所占比例将会减少。
3. In addition, the need to produce goods and services at quality levels previously thought impossible to obtain in mass production and the spreading use of participatory management techniques will require a work force with much higher levels of education and skills.
此外，提供有质量的产品和服务的需要（而过去则认为大批量生产是不可能做到这一点的），以及参与型管理技术的推广应用，都将要求劳动力具有更高的教育和技术程度。
4. In a very real sense the world was not technologically competitive.
完全可以说，当时世界上不存在技术竞争。
5. Today we live in a world where American firms no longer have automatic technological superiority.
今天，在我们所生活的世界中，美国企业已不再是自然而然的具有技术上的优势。
II. 汉译英
1. 很可能她把这事全忘了。（more likely than not）
More likely than not, she’s forgotten all about it.
2. 这意味着我们实际上没有可能按时完成。（effectively）
This means that effectively we have no chance to meet the deadline.
3. 他的第一部小说不算太好也不算太糟，就是一般水平。（average）
His first novel was not particularly good or bad, just average.
4. 谈到现代爵士乐，没几个人比汤姆知道得更多。（when it comes to）
When it comes to modern jazz, very few people knew more than Tom.
5. 这项研究的重要性在于它证实了A与B之间存在联系。（in that）
The research is important in that it confirms the existence of a relationship between A & B. 6. 尽管以前我们失败过，但仍要坚持下去。（regardless of）
We will persevere regardless of past failures.
第9单元7. 考试不能促使学生去追求更多的知识。（motivate）
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledge.
8. 成功的领导者是事先控制事件而不是事后才做出反应。（dominate）
Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.
9. 他必须将重担从一肩移至另一肩上。（shift）
He had to shift the vast burden from one shoulder to the other.
10. 科技力量上的优势帮助这家公司战胜所有对手。（superiority）
The superiority in science and technology helps this company defeat all its rivals.
三、语法
I. 选择适当的词填空
1. Last week he promised that he would come today, but he hasn’t arrived yet.
A. that he would come C. which he come
B. what would he come D. that he would have come
2. He is trying all kinds of materials to learn which of them can be used.
A. what of them can be C. which of them can be
B. that they can be D. which of them be
3. His family had almost forgotten what his face was like.
A. how his face was C. what his face was
B. which was his face D. that his face was
4. It is obvious that we should spend the money on more important things.
A. which the money should we spend C. that the money should we spend
B. what the money should we spend D. that we should spend the money
5. We are greatly amused by what you told us.
A. that you told us C. what you told us
B. which you told us D. what did you tell us
6. That is what I’m doing now. I should like you to know I can finish it by myself.
A. that I’m doing
B. which I’m doing
C. what am I doing
D. what I’m doing
7. At about the same time, doctors began to understand that dirt and disease went together.
A. which went dirt and disease C. that dirt and disease went
B. what went dirt and disease D. that did dirt and disease go
8. The problem is which is the cheapest way.
A. why the cheapest way is
C. whichever is the cheapest way B. that is the cheapest way
D. which is the cheapest way
9. These exercises are different from what you expect.
A. that you expect
B. what do you expect
C. what you expect
D. which you expect
第9单元10. What really interested him was to return to school.
A. That really interested him C. Which really interested him
B. What really interested him D. That interested him really
11. Whether the flower is black will be known tomorrow.
A. If the flower will be black C. Whether the flower is black
B. When will the flower be D. Whether is the flower black
12. Not one of us has a clear idea about what the others want to do.
A. that the others want
C. which do the others want B. what the others want
D. what do the others want
13. I will let you know where the meeting will be held.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. that
14. The question is whether it will be safe to land men there.
A. if safe it will
C. whether it will be safe B. if will be it safe
D. whether safe it will be
15. He was afraid of what would happen to his child.
A. which
B. when
C. why
D. what
第十课
一、词汇和短语
I. 选择适当的词填空
1. Jane used to be slow in class, but now she is getting ahead.
A. getting along
B. getting ahead
C. getting by
D. getting above
2. Nobody is able to explain the origin of this commonly-used expression.
A. beginning
B. starting-point
C. foundation
D. origin
3. Paul reminds me very much of a schoolmate I used to know at university.
A. remembers
B. reminds
C. recalls
D. recollects
4. Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.
A. harvested
B. hatched
C. hurried
D. hastened
5. They hauled the boat up onto the shore.
A. hauled
B. handed
C. held
D. heightened
II. 选择与划线部分词义接近可以替换的词
1. He was wearing a decent suit in the party last week.
A. suitable
B. tight
C. loose
D. tidy
2. Several car manufactures will boot half of their workers because of the economic difficulty.
A. discount
B. dispose
C. dismiss
D. disclose
3. A(n) frugal buyer purchases fruit and vegetables in season.
A. careful
B. clever
C. ignorant
D. economical
4. They had ample funds to cover the cost of the trip.
A. luxious
B. sample
C. sufficient
D. superb
5. Eventually, the case proved to have nothing to do with him.
A. Remarkably
B. Naturally
C. Noticeably
D. Ultimately
6. All living things have certain attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next.
A. cells
B. viruses
C. traits
D. flaws
7. Traffic was moving at a crawl.
A. at a slow pace
C. within a certain distance B. at an instant moment
D. with a rapid speed
8. That story rings true.
A. tells
B. speaks
C. sounds
D. recounts
9. There has been a modest decrease in house prices this year.
A. little
B. humble
C. simple
D. quiet
10. The country made social and political gains under the now government.
A. rewards
B. progress
C. victories
D. increase
III. 近义词匹配
1. descent heir 5. frugal tightfisted
2. forefather ancestor 6. plentiful ample
3. drag haul 7. finally eventually
4. extend stretch
二、翻译
I. 英译汉
1. Taxes put a big dent in family fortunes, and unless the heirs are careful and invest wisely, they can lose their millions as fast as their ancestors made them.
遗产税大大削弱家族的财富，除非获取遗产的后嗣小心翼翼或精于投资，否则他们失去财富的速度将会像他们的祖先当年创造它的一样快。
2. Today’s Horatio Alger heroes often come from modest backgrounds and rise to the top on pluck, luck and a clear idea of what they want.
今天的具有霍雷肖·艾尔格笔下主人公特征的富豪们往往来自平凡的背景，他们攀上巅峰靠的是胆识、运气，以及明确的奋斗目标。
3. Bill Gates, the Microsoft whiz, left Harvard to tinker with software and developed the operating brain that is installed in nearly every personal computer.
比尔·盖茨，这个微软的大拿，没有上完大学就去钻研软件，开发出一种几乎安装到了每台个人电脑的操作中枢。
4. They didn’t drop out to avoid work—they dropped out to start a company or devote themselves to an interest.
他们退学并不是逃避工作——实际上他们都是为了创办一家公司，或是从事他们自己感兴趣的事业 5. Eventually, you may reach the point where you can afford to spend the rest of your life at the side of a swimming pool with a drink in your hand, but you probably won’t.
当你终于有朝一日可以有资格手里端着饮料在游泳池边打发余生的时候，很可能你又不会这么做了。 II. 短句翻译
1. 排行榜前10名
the top 10 of the list
2. 一辆破旧的卡车
a beat-up old truck
3. 追溯到19世纪
stretch back to the 19th century
4. 转移注意力
turn one’s attention to
5. 保持节俭的习惯
to keep one’s frugal habit
第10单元6. 小本经营
to do business on shoestring budget
III. 汉译英（使用括号中给出的词或短语）
1. 文化交往有助于相互理解。（make for）
Cultural exchanges make for mutual understanding.
2. 当三家公司都决定要她的时候，她知道自己已经成功了。（make it）
When three companies wanted to hire her, she knew that she had made it.
3. 这个男孩抓住那矮树，直到有人爬下悬崖去救他。（hold on to）
The boy held on to the bush until someone climbed down the cliff to rescue him.
4. 经济学家认为没有进步的原因是合作不好。（attribute to）
Economists attributed the lack of progress to poor cooperation.
5. 在那时，没有受过大学教育就能找到一个体面的工作还是可能的。（decent）
At that time, it was still possible to land a decent job without a college education.
6. 前院布满了保安人员。（crawl with）
The forecourt was crawling with security men.
7. 我已经听说了你们两个正在策划的那个大阴谋。（hatch）
I’ve heard about the grand plot that you two are hatching.
8. 他的回答听起来总是很正确。（ring）
His answers often ring true.
9. 令人吃惊的是他炒股发了财。（pick stock）
It is surprising that he made a fortune by picking stocks.
10. 这些人仍然在做着使他们成功的各种事情。（lead to）
These people are still doing whatever it was that led to their success.
三、语法
I. 选择适当的词填空
1. Was it he who broke the glass yesterday?
A. who
B. and
C. but
D. has
2. It is for this reason that he refused to take the job.
A. why
B. when
C. that
D. so
3. Do be careful in making such experiments.
A. Do
B. Does
C. Did
D. Will
4. It was not until 11 last night that the meeting came to an end.
A. when
B. and
C. before
D. that
5. It was in 1990 that the economy started to be revived.
A. That
B. Which
C. It
D. What
6. Who was it that spoke first at yesterday’s meeting?
A. was it
B. was
C. it was
D. did
7. No force on earth can hold back the wheel of history.
A. on the world
B. on earth
C. does
D. did
8. George did tell me yesterday that he put the dictionary on the table before he left.
A. does
B. will
C. would
D. did
9. It wasn’t for personal interests that they did all this.
A. because
B. only
C. just
D. for
10. Where in the world did you go yesterday afternoon?
A. was it
B. devil
C. until
D. in the world
II. 英译汉
1. It was not until long afterwards that she wondered if she had made a mistake.
就是直到很久以后，她才怀疑自己是否做错了。
2. It was only by an exercise of self-control that he allowed himself to raise his eyes as they came in.
就是仅仅通过自控练习，他才能做到在他们进来时抬起眼睛。
3. It is what the committee has decided that should be given priority to.
只有委员会作出的决定才会给与优先考虑。
4. Her uncle told her that it was by a retired old professor that she was brought up after her mother’s death.
她叔叔告诉她，在她妈妈去世以后，是一位退休的老教授把她带大的。
5. It is because he is modest and thoughtful that he is respected by his colleagues.
正是由于他为人谦虚、体贴别人，使他赢得了同事们的尊重。
6. It is earth’s heat that scientists have developed a sensitive instrument to measure.
科学家们已经开发出敏感的仪器，就是为了测量地热。
7. It is on April 15 every year that income taxes are due, which all people who receive an income must pay.
就是在每年的4月15日，人们要交所得税——所有有收入的人都应该交。
8. It was Einstein who wrote and published his famous theory of relativity in 1916.
正是爱因斯坦在1916年发表了著名的相对论。
9. It was only last year that I made her acquaintance.
只是在去年我才认识她。
10. Who was it that called this morning?
今天早上到底是谁打的电话？
第十一课
一、词汇和短语
I. 选词填空
exploit stuff envelop endgame composite
nifty guzzle uninhibited skepticism hold one’s breath
1. The endgame is quite difficult to deal with.
2. Her uninhibited laughter surprised everybody.
3. The country exploits its natural resources in coal and timber.
4. The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.
5. The citizens had some skepticism about the government’s policy.
6. Fog enveloped the airport that morning.
7. Behavior is a composite of individual and group influences.
8. They’ve been guzzling beer all evening.
9. There is some old, smelly stuff in the back of the refrigerator.
10. He has got a nifty little gadget for squeezing oranges.
II. 词型转换
1. exploit (n.) exploitation
2. access (adj.) accessible
3. volatilize (adj.) volatile
4. contribution (v.) contribute
5. depend (adj.) dependent
6. innovate (n.) innovation
7. insightful (n.) insight
8. guzzle (n.) guzzler
9. acute (adv.) acutely
10. skeptical (n.) skepticism
III. 用合适的介词或副词填空
1. In terms of customer satisfaction, the policy cannot be criticized.
2. We dreamed of buying our own house.
3. V arious factors contributed to his downfall.
4. How much you get paid is dependent on how much you produce.
5. They dispense with the formalities.
6. At this rate we won’t even be able to afford a holiday.
7. The rise in unemployment is of great concern to the government.
8. Don’t let yourself get bogged down in minor details.
9. I’m skeptical of the team’s chances of winning.
10. It seemed extremely difficult to find a solution to that problem.
二、翻译
I. 英译汉
1. Future-supplies of oil will be costly not simply in terms of dollars and cents but also in their effect on the environment.
未来的石油供应代价会很高昂，这不仅体现在价格方面，更体现在其对环境的影响上。
2. If we had continued to increase energy efficiency at the same rate, the stability of Iraq and Saudi Arabia would by now be of minor concern to the U.S policymakers.
如果我们当时一直保持同样的比率提高能源利用效率，那么目前伊拉克和沙特阿拉伯的政治稳定状况就不会受到美国决策者们如此的重视了。
3. When powered by hybrid technologies that combine electricity with the internal-combustion engine, such light vehicles will produce enormous oil saving.
如果汽车靠结合电能和内燃机的复合技术驱动，那么这种轻型交通工具会节约大量燃油。
4. If the U.S automobile industry waits for years to see if lightweight fuel-efficient cars are more than a niche business, Lovins argues, it will one day discover that it has lost another market to overseas firms.
洛文斯认为，如果美国的汽车业要等待若干年才能确认轻型低耗汽车是否为最佳发展，那么有一天它会发现国外公司已经占领了另一个市场。
5. All reports that promise an easy solution to a complex problem need to be taken with a degree of skepticism, and Winning the Oil Endgame is no exception.
对所有承诺轻松解决复杂问题的报告都需要抱有一定程度的怀疑，对《赢得石油残局》也不例外。 II. 汉译英
1. 我被这个问题卡住了，算不出结果。（stuck）
I am stuck on this problem: I can’t figure it out.
2. 我的毛衣洗过之后缩水了。（shrink）
My wool sweater shrank after I washed it.
3. 乘坐公共汽车、坐地铁或驾车都可以到达歌剧院。（accessible）
The opera house is accessible by bus, subway or car.
4. 局势很不稳定，暴乱者有可能试图推翻政府。（volatile）
The situation is very volatile; rioters may try to overthrow the government.
5. 汽车电话是20世纪80年代的创新，但是现在它们已经很普遍了。（innovation）
Car telephones were an innovation in the l980s, but now they are very common.
6. 与会者免去通常的礼节，立即开始谈判。（dispense with）
The participants in the meeting dispensed with the usual formalities and started negotiating immediately.
7. 乌云促使我们在下雨之前更快地工作。（spur）
The dark clouds spurred us to work faster before the rain started.
8. 到华盛顿后，那个参议员对政治运作的真正规律有了深刻的了解。（insight）
By moving to Washington D. C. the senator gained an insight into how politics really work.
9. 院长深知需要更多医生和护士的急迫性。（acutely）
The president is acutely conscious of the need for more doctors and nurses.
10. 在伊文斯先生念成绩报告单时，我们都屏住了呼吸。（hold one’s breath）
We held our breath while Mr. Evens read the exam results.
三、语法
（一）、倒装句
I. 选择适当的词语填空
1. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. light travels
B. travels the light
C. do light travels
D. does light travel
2. Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran toward it.
A. had the plane landed when C. the plane landed before
B. had the plane landed than D. the plane was landing that
3. There existed a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work.
A. It existed
B. There existed
C. Here had
D. There had
4. So severe was the storm that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.
A. The storm so severe was C. So the storm was severe
B. So severe was the storm D. Such was the storm severe
5. Seldom did I make any mistakes during my past five years of service here.
A. would I made
B. should I make
C. I would make
D. did I make
6. No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent.
A. had the words been spoken C. the words had been spoken
B. the words had spoken D. had the words spoken
7. Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.
A. can you
B. would you
C. you will
D. you can
8. Scarcely had he gone out when it started to snow.
A. that it started to snow C. when it started to snow
B. than it started to snow D. and it started to snow
9. Many a time have we tried that test.
A. we have tried
B. did we have tried
C. did we tried
D. have we tried
10. Wood does not conduct electricity, nor does rubber.
A. so doesn’t rubber
B. also doesn’t rubber
C. nor does rubber
D. nor rubber does
11. Not until Mr. Smith come to China did he know what kind of a country it is.
第11单元
A. did he know
B. he knew
C. didn’t he know
D. he could know
12. Nancy works in a huge shop which opened not long ago, and so does Alan.
A. so does Alan
B. so Alan too does
C. that does Alan too
D. that Alan too does
13. She is not found of cooking , shopping and cleaning, nor am I.
A. so am
B. nor am
C. neither
D. nor do
14. Rarely have I heard of such l silly thing.
A. have I heard of
B. did I heard of
C. have I been heard of
D. I have heard of
15. Here comes the girl you want to see.
A. comes the girl
B. come does the girl
C. the girl comes
D. coming the girl is
II. 汉译英
1. 只有这样，我们才能不辜负人们的期望。
Only in this way can we meet the expectations of people.
2. 他一到火车站，火车就开了。
Hardly had he arrived at the railway station when the train left.
3. 汤姆上学迟到了，约翰也迟到了。
Tom was late for class, so was John.
4. 我虽然很小，可是我知道我家里的一些秘密。
Young as I am, I know some of the family secrets.
5. 要是我当时在现场，我就帮你了。
Had I been on the spot, I would have helped you.
（二）、反义问句
I. 选择适当的词语填空
1. He scarcely (seldom, rarely, hardly) comes here, does he?
A. did
B. didn’t
C. does
D. doesn’t
2. You’d rather not do it, would you?
A. shouldn’t you
B. wouldn’t you
C. would you
D. ought you
3. Let’s talk about the book, shall we?
A. shall we
B. can we
C. will we
D. ought we
4. Come here a moment, will you?
A. will you
B. shall you
C. do you
D. don’t you
5. No one is interested in that, are they?
A. is she
B. isn’t he
C. aren’t they
D. are they
6. Everything seems all right, doesn’t it?
A. doesn’t it
B. didn’t they
C. won’t it
D. hasn’t it
7. We never dared to ask him a question, did we?
2016年10月现代汉语真题带的答案解析
2015年10月现代汉语真题 一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。在每小 题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。） 1．汉语不靠词的形态变化来表示词与词的语法关系，而靠语序和虚词来表达语法关系，是（）。 A．综合语 B．黏着语 C．孤立语 D．屈折语 【答案】C 【解析】汉语属于孤立语，没有丰富的形态变化，语序和虚词是表达语法关系的主要手段，不像印欧语系中的屈折语那样，词与词的语法关系主要靠词本身的形态变化来表示。 【考点】绪论——现代汉语的特点 2．现代汉民族共同语的语音标准是（）。 A．天津语音 B．北京语音 C．上海语音 D．长沙语音 【答案】B 【解析】现代汉民族共同语以北京语音为标准音，以北方话为基础方言，以典范的现代白话文著作为语法规范。 【考点】绪论——汉语的规范化和汉语课程的学习 3．属于单元音韵母的是（）。 A．本 B．白 C．不 D．别 【答案】C 【解析】A项的韵母是由元音带辅音构成的，B、D两项的韵母是复元音韵母。 【考点】语音——韵母 4．下列音节中，调值为214的是（）。 A．定 B．梨 C．开 D．猛 【答案】D 【解析】A项的调值是51，B项的调值是35，C项的调值是55。 【考点】语音——声调
5．说话时“啊”会变读为“呀”的是（）。 A．快说啊 B．真酷啊 C．真好听啊 D．天啊 【答案】A 【解析】前一音节的韵腹或韵尾是a、o（ao、iao除外）、e、i、v时，“啊”读成ya,文字可写作“呀”。 【考点】语音——音变 6．从总体来看，汉字字体演变的主流是（）。 A．简化 B．泛化 C．字母化 D．拼音化 【答案】A 【解析】从汉字字体演变的历史来看，总的趋势是由繁难变为简易，当然又是为了区别字义或注明字音，也有添加组字成分而使汉字繁复化的现象。不过，从总体上看，简化是汉字主体演变的主流。 【考点】文字——汉字的形体 7．“六书”中，属于汉字挺用方式的是（）。 A．指事 B．假借 C．会意 D．象形 【答案】B 【解析】六书”中，象形、指事、会意、形声指的是汉字的形体结构，转注、假借指的是使用方式，故答案选B。 【考点】文字——汉字的构成 8．下列汉字书写正确的是（）。 A．针贬 B．仓库 C．题纲 D．婉惜 【答案】B 【解析】A项“针贬”应为“针砭”，C项“题纲”应为“提纲”，D项“婉惜”应为“惋惜”。【考点】文字——汉字的简化、规范化和标准化 9．属于成词语素的是（）。 A．羽 B．走
2006年7月社会学概论试题及答案
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