论翻译中词性转换

On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation

I. Introduction

Parts of speech are the core content of the traditional grammar according to which words are classified as follows: nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, etc. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. English belongs to the Indo-European language family, and parts of speech in it are categorized as word-order, lexical meaning and inflection changes. Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs have complex systems of endings or vowel changes or both. For example, the form –ize, -en and –ify are used to denote the possessive case of verbs. But quite different from English, Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family and parts of speech are divided based on sentence structure function.

Apart from the above differences, another great one is that English is a kind of static language which tends to use more nouns, prepositional phrases, etc. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used. So, when we translate between these languages, we commonly use transformation of parts of speech to make the translation more standard and idiomatic. No one can say that the target language (TL) and the source language (SL) tex ts ―have the same meaning‖, because each one has its own meaning. Eugene A. Nida, a distinguished American theorist, reformed the traditional parts of speech and established a new system which has been applied into practice. For example,

TL：她工作出色。

SL：1. She works excellently.

2. Her excellent work

3. the excellence of her work

4. Her work is excellent.

The different expressions indicate the same meaning. So the transformation of parts of speech is based on the premise that the target language must be faithful to the

original language. Correctly using of parts of speech conversion can make the translated version smoother and clearer. This thesis will study the importance of the transformation of parts of speech and problems concerning using this method and some countermeasures.

II. Translation and Transformation of Parts of Speech

It is hard to define translation as a science or an art, a skill or a taste. It is understood as a linguistic phenomenon, as an operation performed on languages. This operation is seen as a process of translating between source language and target language. Many dictionaries offer synonyms for translation such as interpretation, conversion, transformation, expressiveness, transference, which are followed by from one language into another. Other authorities make use of expressions such as ?identical‘, ?equivalent textual material‘, ?similar‘, ?comparable‘, etc. So translation may be defined as: ―the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent mater ial in another language (TL)‖ (Schaffner 2). Roger Bell, a professor of linguistics, says that ―Translation is the expression in another, source language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences‖ (5). The two definitions both refer to ?equivalent‘ w hich replicates the same situation as in the original, while using completely different wording. Again, we have a descriptive definition from Nida: Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style (12). To shift from one language to another is, by definition, to alter the forms. Unfortunately, languages are not this simple, and difficulties may also arise when there are no equivalent parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. Word-for-word correspondences do not exist in the process of translation. The reasons are as follows:

1. Words have more than one meaning;

2. Many words are culture-bound and have no direct equivalents;

3. Cultural orientations can render a direct translation nonsensical;

4. A culture may not have the background and understanding to translate

experiences specific to other cultures. (Samovar 132)

There are some examples which will be illu strated here. ―birds of a father‖ means ―一丘之貉‖; ―天生有福‖, when translated into English, it may be ―born with a silver spoon in one‘s mouth‖. The important point is that shifts and changes in the technique of translating do not occur at random. Rather, they are linked with different cultures and times. So, we are seeking to different methods of translating to get equivalence of high level.

Translation aims primarily at reproducing the message. To do anything else is essentially false to one‘s task as a translator. But to reproduce the message one mus t make a good many adjustments as accuracy and economy. There are four kinds of adjustments.

(1)Semantic adjustment

In order to completely express the meaning of the original work, sometimes a literal translation is not advised. For instance, ―The accounts were balanced‖. This indicates ―已结账了‖. If it is translated into ―账已被平衡了‖, nobody can understand it.

(2)Word-order adjustment

In the process of translation, the translator must pay more attention to the characteristics of languages. Here are some examp les. ―the rate of interest‖ means ―利率‖; ―the unit of measurement‖ means ―计量单位‖. But these versions ―利息的比率‖ and ―计量的单位‖ do not comply with briefness and parataxis which are the features of Chinese.

(3)Grammatical adjustment

The transformation of parts of speech is often used as a method of grammatical adjustment in order to get a better version. For example, ―We are lovers of the world peace.‖ Means ―我们热爱世界和平‖ or ―我们是世界和平的热爱者‖. The former version would be much more idiomatic.

(4)Literary-style adjustment

Different styles of writing have different requirements such as narration, argumentation, description and exposition, while there are formal and informal styles in the colloquial English. When doing translation, we should make the adjustment in

accordance with different styles. For example:

(1)但是，照抄照搬别国的经验，别国的模式，从来就不能得到成功。

(引自《邓小平文选》)

But the mechanical copying and applicationof foreign experience and models will get us now here. (From The selected woks of DENG Xiaoping)

(2) In photography‘s pioneer days, sitting for a portrait called extreme patience.

(Fantastic Story in Science and Technology)

在摄影刚出现的日子里，坐着照一张相必须有极度耐心。(《科技奇闻》)

From the above examples, we can see that, as a translation method the transformation of parts of speech is fit for all styles. Moreover, the transformation must correspond with the principles of translation. The most influential translation principle in the history of Chinese tradition theory was formulated by Yan Fu. Yan Fu laid down his famous three-character principle of translation: faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance. These three principles should be observed as the codes of practice in translation. Again, A. F. Tytler, an English professor, deduces three ?general laws of translation‘ which will follow:

1. That the Translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of

the original work.

2. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character

with that of the original.

3.That the Translation should have all the ease of the original composition.

(9)

To make sure that versions match the principles of translation, it must find the theory of transformation. From the angle of linguistics, there are two levels of syntactic structure — surface structure and deep structure. The deep structure decides the sentence-meaning while the former decides the sentence pattern. Therefore, it is a key point to comprehend translations. Only if the unity of the deep structure in the original text and the surface structure are achieved in the translation, can the version correspond with the principles of translation. For example:

SL: He bent solely upon profit.

TL: 1.他只屈身于利润之前。

2.只有利润才能使他低头。

3.他唯利是图。

The third version is best because of applying the conversion of parts of speech. So the conversion of parts of speech is of vital importance in the course of translating activity.

III. Methods of Transformation of Parts of Speech

English and Chinese do not belong to the same language family. They have different grammars and expressions. In the practical translation work, words in the original, if necessary, may be translated into identical in meaning but different in the parts of speech. For example, ―Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe‖ means ―火箭已被用来探索宇宙‖. If translated by word-by-word, ―火箭已发现对宇宙的探索的应用‖ is totally incomprehensible. Therefore, transformation is one of the most important translation techniques in English-Chinese translation. Generally speaking, there are the following methods.

A.Transformation into Verbs

In comparison, Chinese is a language in which verbs are more widely used than those in English; while in English nouns are more frequently used and occupy a dominant position, then we have to transform some English nouns into Chinese verbs in our practical translation.

1.English nouns transformed into Chinese verbs

For some English nouns, which possess the property of verbs or are derived from verbs are often transformed into verbs. The following are some examples:

(1) In China,there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.

在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。

(2) A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.

仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。

(3) Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.

那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。

(4) You must be tired. Why don‘t you take a rest?

你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？

2.English adjectives transformed into Chinese verbs

The form ―be + adjectives‖ makes adjectives possess the property of a verb, so they are often transformed into Chinese verbs. These English adjectives usually indicate consciousness, sentiment, and desire and so on. Illustrative examples are as follows:

(1) I am anxious about his health.

我担心他的身体健康。

(2) Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.

医生们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。

(3) Scientists are confidentthat all matter is indestructible.

科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。

(4) It was a very informative meeting.

会上透露了许多信息。

3.English adverbs and prepositions transformed into Chinese verbs

The most common modifiers of verbs are adverbial phrases and prepositional ones which describe manner and time. Thus they also have the property of verbs. Here are some examples: (1) She opened the window to let fresh air in.

她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。

(2) He was away before dawn.

他是黎明前出发的。

(3) The people are with him.

人民拥护他。

(4) He came to my home for help.

他来到我家，请求帮助。

(5) The price of fruit is down.

水果的价格跌了。

B.Transformation into Chinese Nouns

1. English verbs transformed into Chinese nouns

Some verbs in English are derived from nouns, but it is often hard to express with the corresponding verbs in Chinese. In addition, some other English verbs with inflectional affixes like –ed, and –ing are also transformed into nouns when translated into Chinese. Here are more examples:

(1) This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind.

这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。

(2) Our age is witnessing a profound political change.

我们的时代是深刻政治变革的见证。

(3) Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth‘s atmosphere after completing their missions.

美国绝大多数间谍卫星，按其设计，是在完成使命后，在大气层中焚毁。

(4) He wishesto become an engineer.

他的愿望适当工程师。

2. English adjectives and adverbs transformed into Chinese nouns

When the definite article occurs before some specialadjectives, these adjectives can be transformed into nouns such as poor, young, rich and blind. They refer to a particular kind of persons. Moreover, in order to make the translated versions smooth and clear and correspond to Chinese expression habits, we often transform English adjectives and adverbs into Chinese nouns. The following are some examples:

(1)They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.

他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。

(2) He was eloquent and elegant—but soft.

他有口才、有风度，但性格软弱。

(3) It is officially announced that China has successfully launched her fist manned spaceship.

官方宣布，中国已经成功的实现了载人航天。

(4) He is physically weak but mentally sound.

他身体虽弱，但思想健康。

C.Transformation into Adjectives

1. English nouns transformed into Chinese adjectives

English nouns contain a much wider meaning and are more frequently used than Chinese nouns. Some abstract nouns are closely related to their corresponding adjectives in meaning such as necessity, stupidity and depth. In order to make our translation read more natural and conformable to the expression habits of the Chinese language, we can transform nouns into Chinese adjectives. Additionally, some nouns after indefinite articles are as predicative in sentences which can also be transformed into Chinese adjectives. The following are some examples:

(1) This issue is of vital importance.

这个问题至关重要。

(2) Our performance was a success.

我们的演出很成功。

(3) The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.

她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。

(4) He is a perfect stranger to the operation of the sophisticated instrument panel.

他对复杂仪表板的操作还是十分陌生的。

2.English adverbs transformed into Chinese adjectives

Usually, we transform some English verbs into Chinese nouns in the process of translation. The common modifiers of English verbs are adverbs which are often transformed into Chinese adjectives. Look at the following examples:

(1)This film impressed him deeply.

这部电影给了他深刻的印象。

(2) The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.

总统为这次出访作了十分周密的准备。

(3) The sun affects tremendouslyboth the mind and body of a man.

太阳对人的身体和精神都有巨大的影响。

(4) The pilot routinelyradioed another agent on the ground.

飞行员跟另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电路联络。

D.Transformation into Adverbs

1. English adjectives transformed into Chinese adverbs

The adjectives usually modify the nouns in English, so when English nouns are transformed into Chinese verbs, the English adjectives are often transformed into Chinese adverbs. Such examples are as follows:

(1) This is sheer nonsense.

这完全是胡说。

(2) We must make full use of exiting technical equipment.

我们必须充分利用现有的技术设备。

(3) We have made a careful study of the soil properties in that region.

我们仔细地研究了那个地区的土壤特性。

2. English nouns transformed into Chinese adverbs

Sometimes we often transform English nouns into Chinese adverbs in order to make the versions correspond to Chinese usual practices. Some abstract nouns can be transformed into Chinese adverbs, such as freedom, goodness and honesty. The following are some examples: (1) Fish have an instinct for water.

鱼生来就会水。

(2) That old lady had the kindness to show me the way.

那个老太太善意地给我指了路。

(3) We have known a similar pastof humiliation from imperialist powers.

在过去，我们同样都遭受到了帝国主义列强的凌辱和剥削。

Now, we have seen some certain regularity in the transformation from above examples. Either English or Chinese has its own unique characteristics of means of expression. Obviously, Chinese verbs are often used, while in English nouns are widely used. Therefore, we usually transform English nouns into Chinese verbs in order to make the translation more idiomatic. But the transformation does not occur at random, it must obey the objective rules. All in all, transformation of parts of speech is of vital importance in English- Chinese translation and makes a more natural and smooth translation.

IV. Problems and Countermeasures Concerned in Transformation of Parts of Speech The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese native speakers and their English counterpart. Thus transformation is necessary for translating from English to Chinese or vice versa. There are some problems about transformation that we should pay much attention to it carefully.

1. Avoidance of direct transformation

Influenced by the native tongue, Chinese learners often use the correct meaning of words to make the translation regardless of parts of speech. Here are more examples in which Chinese learners often make mistakes.

(1) Is it truth that he is very ill?

(2) I think his grandfather is died.

(3) This is a great happy.

(4) We learn that we should not anxious to the results.

(5) The little girl sang beautiful.

The above examples indicate the common errors in Chinese learners. They confuse the parts of speech in translation. So the translators should avoid direct transformation without considering the parts of speech. Otherwise, the good translation will lose.

2. Avoidance of the native tongue expression

Each tongue has its characteristics in linguistic expression as well as lexical structure. Words in Chinese have no conjugation at all, so Chinese grammar relation is recessive. By comparison, English words are dominant with a lot of conjugations. English words often have some affixes such as –less, -ness and –ing. English words have word-forming patterns, but Chinese learners are not good at word-form variation. They often use the way of Chinese practices to express the English sentences. For instance, ―请认真记笔记‖, some Chinese learners translate it into―Please carefully write your notes‖. It completely corresponds to Chinese expression habits. But there is a more idiomatic expression ―Take careful notes, please‖.

There are some countermeasures to solve the above problems. Firstly, when learners study new words, they should know parts of speech of the words and remember some makers, such as –ful,-less and –ly. The special makers easily help you distinguish parts of speech. Secondly, learn the sentence structure to understand that the different parts of speech have different positions. Thirdly, combine transformation of parts of speech and transformation of clauses to reduce the influence of the native tongue effectively. For example, ―因为查询考试成绩，天天有很多学生来教务科办公室‖. We can transform the adverbial clause into at tributive clause, so it can be translated into ―A lot of students come to the Teaching Affairs Office who want to know the results of their examination‖.

V. Conclusion

From what we have mentioned above, it is very clear that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. Through all the above illustrative examples, this thesis is trying to make a relatively comprehensive transformation rules between different parts of speech. There are four basic ways to transform parts of speech in rendering that English words can generally be transformed into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs. These ways must be used by translators in the process of translation. In addition, we take some problems concerned in making transformation between parts of speech and give some suggestions. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. Whether it there are many other accurate ways, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices. We deserve to study the ways as long as they are based on the faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance and of great benefit to translation.

Works Cited

A.T.Tytler. Essay on the principles of Translation. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and

Research Press, 2007.

Christina, Schaffner. Translation and Norms. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2007.

Eugene, A. Nida, & Charles, R. Taber.The Theory and Practice of Translation. Shanghai: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2004.

Larry, A. Samovar, & Richard, Porter. Communication between Cultures, 3rd Edition. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2008.

Roger, Bell. Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, 2006.

(完整)高中英语词性转换常见词汇

词性转换总结与归纳 动词变名词 announce—announcement通知 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材(不可名) settle—settlement定居，安定 achieve---achievement 成就 amuse--amusement 娱乐 manage---management 经营管理 advertise--- advertisement广告 agree— agreement同意disgree—disagreement不同意 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献 develop---development发展 govern 统治—government 政府 describe—description描写，描绘erupt—eruption爆发 affect—affection影响 satisfy—satisfaction满意，满足select—selection挑选，选择

permit—permission允许admit—admission承认，允许invite—invitation 邀请，请帖devote—devotion献身，专注apply—application申请，申请书produce—production生产，产品protect—protection保护 educate-----education教育consider—consideration考虑attract—attraction 吸引力，吸引instruct—instruction 指导，介绍discuss—discussion 讨论appreciate—appreciation感激，欣赏recognize—recognition认出conclude—conclusion 结论 decide----decision 决定compete—competition比赛 express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式graduate 毕业—graduation operate—operation操作，动手术organize----organization 组织imagine—imagination 想象力

2018年一模英语词型转换专项练习

2018年一模词型转换+改写 一、普陀 IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) (共8分) 54. Tyron went to live in Australia with his family in his __________. (fifty) 55. Those-girls enjoyed __________ in the party last night. (they) 56. There is a well-known beach three __________ away from my hometown. (mile) 57. Oliver is so __________ that he has lost three cell phones on the bus. (care) 58. Before we see the film, we can read some __________ reviews of it on the Internet. (recently) 59. To our __________, the stranger turned out to be an old friend of my mother's. (surprised) 60. May will __________ in losing weight with the doctor's helpful instructions. (success) 61. The __________ of his daughter in the traffic accident made him very sad. (die) V. Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。每空格限填一词) (共14分) 62. Students in our school have lunch at about half past eleven every day. (改为一般疑问句) __________ students in our school __________ lunch at about half past eleven every day? 63. Simon has worked as an estate agent since 2002. (对划线部分提问) __________ __________ has Simon worked as an estate agent7 64. Chinese Poetry Competition is an exciting program. (改为感叹句) __________ __________ exciting program Chinese Poetry Competition is! 65. Who will look after your pet when you're away? (保持句意不变) Who will __________ __________ your pet when you're away? 66. The company built a service centre for helping all the customers. (改为被动语态) A service centre __________ __________ by the company for helping all the customers. 67. Does her aunt live in Canada? I am not sure. (改为含有宾语从句的复合句) I am not sure __________ her aunt __________ in Canada. 68. set off, I, early, to, fresh air, breathe, in the forest (连词成句) __________________________________________________________ 二、奉贤 IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) (共8分) 54. My workmate won first prize in the City Half Marathon when he was in his __________. (fifty) 55. The school uniforms in their school are usually designed by students __________. (they) 56. We should make full use of science and technology to enjoy a __________ life. (colour) 57. To improve your writing skills, you'd better __________ a habit of reading. (development) 58. Airships use much __________ fuel than planes, so they are better for the environment. (little) 59. His homework was __________ done so there were few mistakes in it. ( careful) 60. She is a woman with a strong __________. Once she has made a decision, no one can change her mind. (person)

2013新版 牛津英语七年级下 词性转换专项训练

牛津英语7B期中专项词性转化 1.形容词、副词变化 (1) 形容词变副词 The wind is blowing _____________(gentle). The doctor answered my questions _____________(patient). People have to hold their coats __________.(tight) What will you __________ be in ten years’ time? (possible) After a day’s hard work, the young man ______ went to sleep. (easy) Jenny is short-sighted. She can’t see the notice ________ (clear) (2)名词变形容词 Teacher is an_________ job. ( idea) The classroom is so _______ that no one can hear the teacher. (noise) People are _________to travel through the air by plane now. (ability) What a __________ day it is! (sun/ wind/rain/snow/fog) The boy is ________ enough to lift the heavy bags.( strength) Our school life is as ___________________(colour) as theirs. To make a kite I need a piece of ___________(colour) paper. The People’s Square is _______________ with people. (crowd)Water is _______________ to us all. ( importance) (3)动词变形容词 I like drinking _______ black tea in summer. (ice) What can we do on __________ weather . (freeze) I don’t like _______ food. (freeze)She told us an ______ story. (amaze/ interest/ excite/surprise ) I became _______________in science at the age of 5. (interest) (4) 反义词 Having another new watch is _________ for Jim because he has already got a new one. (possible) If there’s a lift in school, it is _____ to go up and down on foot. (necessary) (5)多次变化 Our life is ____________ than before. (enjoy) The noise make me very _______________. (comfort) Of all the students, Jim is _____________ in Math. (interest) It is much __________ to walk on the zebra crossings. (save) Many people think it is _________ to get the number 13. (luck) 2.动词变化{时态变化、不定式、介宾} After you finish ________(write), come to see me ,please. What about ___________a time box? (make) The students ______________(discuss) loudly in yesterday’s English class. We need some lemonade _______ fruit punch for our classmates. (make ) It would be nice _______ with the classmates this weekend. (go, camp) What can autumn make you ____________ of? (think) They kept playing football though it started ________ heavily. (rain ) What’s the secret of__________ good bread? (bake) 3.数词变化 March is the________ month in a year. ( three) I have been there ______________. (two) It is the ________ time that I have visited this village. (one) I live on the _______________floor. (twelve) 4.人称代词变化 The children should take care of __________ when they are out. (they) What will you be in ten____________(year) time? Mr Li teaches _________English. (we) I can’t find my pen. Jim let me use _________. (he) Our teacher is proud of _________. (our) His bags are heavier than __________________. (I) Help __________ to the fish, everyone. ( you) Last night, I met a friend of ___________on my way home.(I)

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常见词形变化动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreement appoint----appointment disappoint----disappointment disagree --- disagreement amuse----amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵commit—commitment奉献develop---development equip ---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理 2．V+ tion/sion 结尾 admit—admission承认attract—attraction 有吸引力的事或人； conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛consider---consideration discuss—discussion 讨论 decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘direct---direction determine---determination educate-----education explain----explanation express ----expression graduate—graduation hesitate---hesitation invite—invitation imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate --illustration inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞 人心的 impress—impression operate—operation organize----organization permit---permission pollute----pollution predict---prediction prepare---preparation pronounce ---pronunciation resolve -----resolution 决心 suggest --suggestion solve -----solution satisfy----satisfaction 3．V+ ance /ence结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌，出现disappear---disappearance 消失perform----performance --performer exist—existence 存在 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语 5．V+ 其他 able---ability---disable assist----assisitant analyze---analysis arrive-- arrival到达 beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐believe—belief 信仰 behave ----behavior die---dead----death employ--employer雇主--employee雇员 know---knowledge

常见词性转换的方法

动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵 commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞，恭维develop---development disgree—disagreement department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理 2．V+ tion 结尾 admit 承认—admission attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方 conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式 graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作，动手术—operation organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明，举例说明--illustration invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的--- pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3．V+ ance 结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌，出现perform----performance 演出exist—existance 存在 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语 5．V+ 其他 Beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐sit--seat 座位employ--employer 雇主，老板--employee雇员 believe—belief 信仰 behave 行为，举止----behavior know---knowledge fly—flight 飞行 heat 加热---heat 热量 hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或物，碰撞mix 混合-----mixture 混合物 press 按，压—pressure 压力receive—receptionist 接待员serve—service 服务 succeed-- success tour 在-----旅游，在-----作巡回演出直接+地点tour China ---tour 旅游/

常见中考词性转换汇总练习

常见上海中考词性转换汇总 注：供大家中考复习时参考，其中带*为2018新增词汇(汇总词汇中个别单词可能与2018考纲有差异，特此说明。) _________ v.使…能够，使… 有能 力的 _________ adj. 能够；有能力的 n. 能力；才能 ____________ prep. 穿过；横过 v. 穿越/ n. 十字，叉 ___________ n. 行动；扮演 _________ a. 积极的 _____________ n. 活动 ___________ n. 男演员 __________ n. 女演员 _________ v. 增加 _______________ n. 增加 _____________ n. 优点,优势，有利条件 _______________ n. 不利，劣势，短处 __________ n. 年龄 a. 年老的 __________ a. 活着的；活泼的

___________ v. 居住；生活 (lives复数)n. 生活；生命 ___________ v. 使消遣，娱乐 _____________ adj.引起乐趣的 n. 娱乐，消遣，娱乐活动____________ a. 生气的 ad. 生气地 _________ n. 艺术 n. 艺术家 _____________ n. 澳大利亚 a./n.澳大利亚的/人 ___________ v. 出现 v. 消失 ______________v. 吸引 _______________ n. 吸引，吸引力，吸引物______________a. 有吸引人的 __________ n. 根据地,基地,基础 _____________ adj. 基本的，基础的 _________________ a. 漂亮的 _________________ ad. 美丽地 ___________(began, begun) v. 开始 __________________ n. 开始，开端 ___________ adj. 感到乏味的，厌倦的

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任务型阅读常用词汇词性转换

任务型阅读常用词汇词性转换 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就 advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵 commit奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材 govern 统治—government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 2．V+ tion 结尾 admit 承认—admis sion attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方conclude—conclusion 结论 compete—competition 竞争，比赛 discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘 express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式 graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作，动手术—operation organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力 introduce—introduction 介绍 instruct—instruction 指导，介绍 invent—inventor / invention invite—invitation pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation impress 给人印象—impression 印象 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3．V+ ance 结尾

英语词汇 词性转换——其他

形容词变名词 efficient有效率的—efficiency 效率 patient—patience/impatience dependent—dependence依赖性 independent—independency 独立性 true—truth high—height wide—width long—length possible—possibility responsible—responsibility urgent—urgency 紧急 prosperous—prosperity 繁荣 accurate—accuracy 准确性 形容词变动词 modern—modernize social--socialize fast--fasten short/shorten long—lengthen—length(n.) wide--widen less--lessen strong—strengthen—strength(n.) large—enlarge 名词变动词 computer—computerize 名词---形容词—副词 beauty 美，美人—beautiful—beautifully care—careful—carefully

care—careless—carelessly difference---different---differently fortune—fortunate—fortunately/unfortunately happiness—happy—happily hunger—hungry--hungrily health—healthy—healthily luck—lucky—luckily noise—noisy—noisily pride—proud—proudly骄傲地 sadness—sad—sadly safety 安全；安全的地方—safe—safely silence—silent---silently 默默地 success—successful—successfully truth—true—truly unluck—unlucky—unluckily wonder 奇迹—wonderful—wonderfully 方位的词名词—形容词 East—eastern West—western South—southern North---northern In the west of China In the western part of China 四大洲名词-----形容词 Africa 非洲----- African Europe欧洲----- European America 美洲-----American Asia 亚洲–---- Asian

2020届中考英语二轮专项复习 词性转换专练

词性转换专练 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. The journey was a little boring. We didn't enjoy ______________ (we) at all. 2. Andrew often does DIY with different _____________ (knife) in his free time. 3. To my surprise, my uncle got his driving licence in his ___________ (fifty). 4. Forty____________ (year) development has changed Huai'an into a modern city. 5. After doing sports for months, Tina is becoming _______________ (thin) than before. 6. The teachers welcome their students ____________(polite) at the school gate every morning. 7. The Great Wallis too high. I have difficulty ____________________ (climb) it alone. 8. Li Lei is interested in English and he ____(watch) BBC News every day. 9. It is ____(polite) to keep others waiting in many western countries 10. Henry's uncle is planning ____(take) a trip to Dunhuang now. 11. Would you mind giving me some ____(advice) on how to plant trees? 12. Tom and Jerry have a lot in common. ____(they) favorite basketball player is James Harder. 13. Jim has never ____(be) to Mount Tai in China. 14. We should take action to protect animals in ____(dangerous). 15. This restaurant has the ____(good) service of three. 16. Lucy used to be ____(real) shy. So she took acting classes to deal with her shyness. 17. A new airport will be ____(build) in Antarctica(南极洲) by Chinese. 18．The two （ factory） were moved outside the city last year． 19．The higher we climbed， the （thin） the air became． 20．In summer， it often rains （heavy） with strong wind in Southern China．21．Which is more （value） to you， health or wealth？ 22．In the playground， I threw the ball to her and she （catch）it 23. Every year many foreign.____________(tour) come to visit the Great Wall of China. 24. It's noisy outside, and I can't hear you _____________(clear). 25. The more an eraser is used, the _____________ (small) it gets. 26. Sandy borrowed the novel from the library last week and ____________(keep) it for 5 days. 27. The size of our school is ___________ (two) bigger than theirs. 28.There are many ways of __________ (get) information about Belt and Road（一带一路） 29.It’s _________ (danger) to play with fire. 30.In many restaurants, tea is ________ (serve) for free.

人教版英语语法专项突破讲义：词性转换(构词法)及答案

第三讲词性转换(构词法) [思维导图] 一、动词、形容词转化为名词的规律 1．动词变名词的后缀

2.形容词变名词的后缀

二、名词、动词转化为形容词的规律

[名师指津] －ed形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人；－ing形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令人……的”，通常修饰物或事。 三、形容词转化为副词的规律 厘清两种情况，突破词性转换 从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰与被修饰” 1．名词在句中作宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰 [例1] She is determined to carry on with her________(educate)．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ) [分析] education[前面有形容词性物主代词her，此处应该使用动词educate的名词形式education作宾语。] [例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the________(develop)of chopsticks.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)

[分析] development[根据空前面的the和空后面的of可知，此处需要名词。] 2．形容词在句中作定语，常放在名词之前 [例3] It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) [分析] suddenly→sudden[此处需要用形容词修饰后面的名词stop，表示“突然的停止”。] 3．形容词在句中作表语，常放在be，get，become，remain等系动词后 [例4] At one time，I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ) [分析] freely→free[此处需要用形容词作表语。be free from them“摆脱他们”。] 4．形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词 [例5] As I walked，I looked up，trying to realize what made this day so ________(beauty)． [分析] beautiful[使役动词make之后跟复合宾语，用形容词作宾语补足语。] 5．副词在句中修饰动词 [例6] The title will be________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) [分析] officially[此处表示(大使)这个头衔将在伦敦的一个仪式上正式授予给我。分析句子结构可知，应该使用副词officially作状语修饰动词given。] 6．副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词 [例7] Dad and I were terrible worried.(全国卷Ⅱ) [分析] terrible→terribly[此处应用副词terribly修饰形容词worried。] 7．副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等 [例8] ________(lucky)，he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(广东高考) [分析] Luckily[此处为副词用于句首，表示状态。] 8．要特别注意有使役用法的动词的分词形式用作形容词时的区别。 如amazed常修饰人的内心感受，表示“吃惊的”；amazing常修饰事物，表示“令人吃惊的”。