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英国文学1

英国文学1
英国文学1

Exercise 1

I.Fill in the following blanks.

1.Angles, Saxons and __Jutes___ are known as Anglo-Saxons. Language spoken by them is called the Old English, which is the foundation of English language and literature.

2.The literature of Angle-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, _pagan____ and christian.

3.“_Beowulf____” is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.

4.The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is the _romance ____.

5.English folk literature has a long history, and the 15th century saw the spring tide of English __ ballad ___.

6.In the 14th century, the two most important writers are Geoffrey Chaucer and _William Langland ____.

7.“_Piers the Plowman_____”, written in the form o f

a dream vision, gives us a realistic picture of

medieval England.

8._Geoffrey Chaucer____ is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poetry” but also as “ the father of English fiction”.

9.“The Canterbury Tales” contains in fact a general Prologue and only _twenty-four____ tales, of which two are left unfinished.

10.Chaucer was the first English writer to adopt _heroic couplet ____ in his writhing of poems.

II.C hoose the best answer for each statement. 1.In 1066, _____ led the Norman army to invade and defeat England.

A. William the Conqueror

B. Julius Caesar

C. Alfred the Great

D. Claudius

2.Romance uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of _____ adventures or other heroic deeds.

A. Christian

B. Knightly

C. Greek

D. Primitive

3.Although _____ was essentially a medieval writer, he bore marks of humanism and anticipated a new era of literature to come.

A. William Langland

B. John Gower

C. Geoffrey Chaucer

D. Edmund Spenser

4.The work that presented , for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely______.

A. William Langland’ Piers Plowman

B. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales

C. Thomas Malory’s Death of King Arthur

D. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

5._____ was the first to be buried in the Poet’s Corner of Westminster Abbey in London.

A. Southey

B. Keats

C. Tennyson

D. Chaucer

III.Answer the following questions.

1.What are the 3 conquests? What effects they had upon the nation?

2.What is the influence of the Norman Conquest upon English language and literature?

3.What are the main incidents of the poem “Beowulf”?

4.What are the 3 pe riods/stages of Chaucer’s literary career?

5.What is the social significance of “The Canterbury Takes”?

6.What is the Chaucer’s contribution to English language?

IV.Define the following literary terms.

1.Epic

2.Romance

3.Ballad

4.Heroic Couplet

王守仁《英国文学选读》译文汇总.

Unit 1 Geoffrey Chaucer 1343-1400 夏雨给大地带来了喜悦送走了土壤干裂的三月沐浴着草木的丝丝经络顿时百花盛开生机勃勃西风轻吹留下清香缕缕田野复苏吐出芳草绿绿碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡美丽的自然撩拨万物的心弦多情的鸟儿歌唱爱情的欣欢香客盼望膜拜圣徒的灵台僧侣立愿云游陌生的滨海信徒来自全国东西南北众人结伴奔向坎特伯雷去朝谢医病救世的恩主以缅怀大恩大德的圣徒那是个初夏方临的日子我到泰巴旅店投宿歇息怀着一颗虔诚的赤子心我准备翌日出发去朝圣黄昏前后华灯初上时分旅店院里涌入很多客人二十九人来自各行各业不期而遇都到旅店过夜这些香客人人虔心诚意次日要骑马去坎特伯雷客房与马厩宽敞又洁净店主的招待周到而殷勤夕阳刚从地平线上消失众人同我已经相互结识大家约好不等鸡鸣就起床迎着熹微晨光干燥把路上可是在我叙述故事之前让我占用诸位一点时间依我之见似乎还很必要把每人的情况作些介绍谈谈他们从事什么行业社会地位属于哪个阶层容貌衣着举止又是如何那么我就先把骑士说说骑士的人品出众而且高尚自从军以来就驰骋于疆场待人彬彬有礼大度而豪爽珍惜荣誉节操和骑士风尚为君主效命创辉煌战绩所到国家之远无人能比转战于基督和异教之邦因功勋卓著缕缕受表彰他攻打过亚历山大利亚在普鲁士庆功宴上有他这位佼佼者多次坐首席从立陶宛直打到俄罗斯同级的骑士都大为逊色攻克阿给西勒有他一个还出征到过柏尔玛利亚夺取烈亚斯和萨塔利亚他还

多次游弋于地中海跟随登陆大军将敌战败十五次比武他大显身手为捍卫信仰而浴血奋斗在战场上三次杀死敌将高贵的武士美名传四方他还侍奉过柏拉西亚国君讨伐另一支土耳其异教军没有一次不赢得最高荣誉他骁勇善战聪慧而不痴愚他温柔顺从像个大姑娘一生无论是在什么地方对谁也没有讲过半个脏字堪称一个完美的真骑士他有一批俊美的千里马但是他的衣着朴实无华开价的底下是结识的布衣上上下下到处是斑斑污迹他风尘仆仆刚从战场归来片刻未休息就急忙去朝拜 Unit 2 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 生存或毁灭这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌并将其克服此二抉择就竟是哪个较崇高死即睡眠它不过如此倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患那么此结局是可盼的死去睡去但在睡眠中可能有梦啊这就是个阻碍当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊在死之长眠中会有何梦来临它令我们踌躇使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨如暴君之政骄者之傲失恋之痛法章之慢贪官之侮或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之还有谁会肯去做牛做马终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难而不远走高飞飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身后之事而使他犹豫不前此境乃无人知晓之邦自古无返者所以「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光像个病夫再之这些更能坏大事乱大谋使它们失去魄力第二场同前凯普莱特家的花园罗密欧上罗密欧没有受过伤的才会讥笑别人身上的创痕朱丽叶自上方

英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)

.. ;.. 一.中古英语时期 Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language. The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period(中世纪). It uses verse or prose to sing knightly a dventures or other heroic deeds. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》),was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature. Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism. 二.文艺复兴Renaissance Renaissance r efers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture(雕塑)and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth r eigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance i s the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance E ngland are Christopher Marlowe and W illiam Shakespeare. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was Christopher Marlowe. Francis Bacon was the best known essayist of this period. “Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays. Thomas More ——Utopia Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene 相关练习 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language? A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene C. Beowulf D. Hamlet 2. _____ is the father of English poetry. A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England. A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson 三.莎士比亚William Shakespeare “All t he world 's a stage, a nd all the men and women merely p layers.”——William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that have

《英美文学资料》word版

《英美文学》(03119)复习大纲 第一部分英国文学 一、课程简介 本课程简要介绍英国各个历史断代的主要文学文化思潮,文学流派,主要作家; 本课程要求学生掌握英国文学史上各个时期的文学特点,出现的文学流派以及该时期一至两位重要作家的文学生涯,创作思想,艺术特色及代表作品;并要求学生做到在掌握有关知识理论的基础上使之转换这能力,即能用有关知识和理论来分析英国文学中的相关问题。 二、课程重点章节简介: 第一章:古代与中世纪英国文学 1. <<贝尔武夫>> 2. 乔叟及其代表作 第二章: 文艺复兴时期 1. 文艺复兴的定义 2. 萨士比亚的戏剧及十四行诗 3. 培根的代表作 第三章: 十七世纪英国文学 1.弥尔顿的代表作<<失乐园>>、诗剧<<力士参孙>>的主要内容及<<

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英国文学名词解释

Allegory is a tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. Thus, an allegory is a story with two meaning, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Bildungsroman: a novel that traces the initiation, development, and education of a young person. Examples are Dickens’s David Copperfield and James Joyce’s Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. Byronic hero is a character-type found in Byron’s narrative Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. He is a boldly defiant but bitterly self-tormenting outcast, proudly contemptuous of social norms but suffering for some unnamed sin. Emily Bronte’s Heath cliff is a later example. Conceit: a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly different things. A conceit usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical conceit, used by certain 17th-century poets, such as John Donne.. Comedy of manners is a kind of comedy representing the complex and sophisticated code of behavior current in fashionable circles of society, where appearances count for more than true moral character. Its humor relies chiefly on elegant verbal wit and repartee. In England, the comedy of manners flourished as the dominant form of Restoration comedy in the works of Etheredge, Wycherley and Congreve. It was revived in a more subdued form in the 1770s by Goldsmith and Sheridan, and later by Oscar Wilde. An epic is a long narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition, narrating and celebrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the past history of a nation. Epiphany(顿悟): a sudden revelation of truth about life inspired by a seemingly trivial incident Heroic couplet is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. Intrusive narrator: an omniscient narrator who, in addition to reporting the events of a novel’s story, offers further comments on characters and events, and who sometimes reflects more generally upon the significance of the story. Iambic pentameter: a poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry. Metaphysical poetry: the poetry of John Donne and other 17th-century poets who wrote in a similar style. It is characterized by verbal wit and excess, ingenious structure, irregular meter, colloquial language, elaborate imagery, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas . Metaphysical Poetry Metaphysical Poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets try to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. They are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form. John Donne is the lead ing figure of the “metaphysical school.” Naturalism: a post--Darwinian movement of the late 19th century that tried to apply the laws of scientific determinism to fiction. The naturalists went beyond the realists’ insistence on the objective presentation of the details of everyday life to insist that the materials of literature

英国文学译文

第一部分:早期和中世纪英国文学 第一章:英国的组成 1、大不列颠人(英国人) 在开始学习英国文学史之前,了解一下英国这个民族是很必要的。英国这个民族是一个混血族。早期居住在这个岛上的居民是凯尔特人的一个部落,我们现在称它为大不列颠人。大不列颠人把这个岛屿命名为大不列颠岛,凯尔特人是其原始居民。他们分为几十个小部落,每个部落都以小屋群居为主。“最古老的凯尔特人法律今天归结起来显示出氏族任然充满着生命力”。英国人曾生活在部落社会。 2、罗马人的占领 在公元前55年,大不列颠岛被罗马征服者凯撒入侵,而这时的凯撒刚刚占领了高卢。但是罗马人刚登上大不列颠岛海岸时,就遭到了在首领领导下的大不列颠人的狮子般疯狂的反击,随着罗马将领来来往往的这个世纪,直到公元78年英国从被于罗马帝国完全征服过。伴随着罗马人的侵略占领,罗马式的生活方式也开始融入英国。罗马式剧院和澡堂很快的在城镇中兴起。而这些高雅的文明只不过是罗马侵略者的娱乐享受方式罢了,大不列颠人民却像奴隶一样被压迫着。罗马人的占领持续了将近400年,在这期间,罗马人因其军事目的在岛上修建了后来被称之为罗马路的纵横交错的公路,这些公路在后期发展中起到了很大的作用。沿着这些公路开始建立起大量的城镇,伦敦就是其中之一,开始成为重要的贸易中心城市。罗马的占领也带来了基督教文化。但是在15世纪初期,罗马帝国处于逐渐的衰落阶段。公元410年,所有罗马军队撤回欧洲大陆再也没有返回。因此,也标志这罗马人占领的结束。 3、英国人的占领 同时,大不列颠也被成群的海盗给侵略着。他们是来自北欧的三个部落:盎格鲁人,撒克逊人和朱特人民族。这三个部落在大不列颠海岸登路,把大不列颠人民赶到西部和北部,然后自己定居下来。朱特人占领了岛屿东南部的肯特。撒克逊人占领了岛屿南部地区,并建立起像韦塞克斯,埃塞克斯和东萨塞克斯这样的小王国。盎格鲁人席卷了东部中部地区,并在东英吉利亚建立王国。七个像这样的王国在大不列颠岛上逐渐出现。到公元7世纪,这些小王国开始合并成为今天称为英格兰的统一王国,或被称作盎格鲁人之国。这三个部落的人混合在一起,被称为今天的英国人,而盎格鲁人占绝大多数。他们说的三种方言自然而然的发展成为一种语言——盎格鲁撒克逊,或者古英语,和今天我们所说的英语有着很大的区别。 4、盎格鲁撒克逊人的社会状况 在盎格鲁撒克逊人定居在大不列颠之前,他们仍过着部落式生活。家庭成员以亲属关系联合在一起,分别定居在不同的村落。主要的战争乐团由年轻人组成,勇士们食用族长的食物与其分享战利品。虽然说族长有权决定他子民的生死,但是将在外难免军令有所不受。他熟悉他的每一个士兵,和他们一起吃喝玩乐。这就是当时盎格鲁人称作为“氏族军事民主”。 在占领大不列颠后,盎格鲁撒克逊的社会形态发生了巨大的变化。“我们知道,统治管理未屈服的人民是与非犹太人的法令相违背的……因此,非犹太人社会体系需要改革成为国家机关……首先,征服者代表必须是军事指挥官,被占领地区的内外安全需要加强指挥官的权利。这样,军事领导权转变成君权的时刻到来。一切以成定局。因此,盎格鲁撒克逊时期见证了英国由部落社会向封建社会转变的过程。 5、盎格鲁撒克逊人的宗教信仰以及其影响 盎格鲁撒克逊人是异教徒。他们信奉北欧的古老神话传说。那就是为什么北欧神话学说在英语这门语言中留下痕迹的原因。例如,一周中的天数就是由北神命名的。奥丁,我们所说的神,星期三以他的名字命名,星期四以托尔的名字命名,美丽女神弗丽嘉,祈祷者以她的名字命名星期五。星期二则是为了纪念另一个北欧之神--蒂乌。

英国文学史期末复习重点

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