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2016 词义猜测八法

词义猜测题解题技能

1)四类生词类型：

(1) 旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；

(2) 合成词、转化词与派生词如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，imperfect等；

(3) “灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解：

(4) 超纲生词。如：《大纲》之外的和熟词新意的生词．

猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。

2)常见的考查形式：

(1) The phrase “…” in the sentence could be replaced by ______

(2) The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ______

(3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph?

(4) What does the unlined word mean?

(5) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…” ?

(6) The word “…” most nearly means ______

一、上下文暗示法

即利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述, 猜测词义。

1.The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.

如不知道vampire的词义, 从上文1ives on blood(*吸血而生存)则可得知其词义为吸血昆虫。

2.The old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 如不知道spectacles的词义, 从下文"戴上＇spectacles＇后开始阅读"可猜得其词义为"眼镜"。

3.I＇m sorry I＇ve been monopolizing you. Your other dinner companion should have the chance to talk to you, too. 根据第二个句子的意思, 可猜出monopolize之意为"独占"。

4.If I were a boy again, I would practise perseverance oftener, and never give up a thing because it was hard or inconvenient.

根据and never give up a thing ...可猜测perseverance之意为"坚韧不拔" .

5.Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home, even if they are far away and the trip is hard or dangerous.

根据后半句让步状语从句, 可猜测instinct为"本能"。

6.14,000 sanitation workers who carry off, yearly, three million tons of refuse and keep 7,500 miles of streets clean and free of snow.

从上下文可猜出sanitation workers为"环卫工人"。

7.Our earth is very old. It holds many secrets about life in the past. Archaeologists dig in the ground and bring out these secrets. 不难猜出Archaeologists 为“考古学家”。

8．The teacher did not hear the knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in his reading.

以因果关系为线索, 可确定engrossed的意思为“被吸引”, “全神贯注”。

9.I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I won＇t give it up easily.

通过第二句, 可推出resolute的意思是"坚定的"。

二. 举例说明法

利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有：for example, such as , for instance 等。

1.Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.

如不知道"geometric forms"的意思, 可从文中所列举的三角形、正方形、圆形来猜得其意义为“几何图形”。

2.Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.

如不知道appliances的意思, 从文中的举例washing-machines（洗衣机）, refrigerators（冰箱）, color televisions（电视机）可以猜出该词的意思为“家用电器”。

3.Some missing ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies, while others carried only passengers.其中cargo 为生词,根据句后面的列举部分: coal, oil and military supplies可以推测，cargo 指“煤，油等货物”。

三.同义解释法

利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语, 猜测词义。常伴有辅助词，如：that is; meaning; namely, such as; or

等

1.Tom was a roamer, a wanderer who could never stay in one place.

roamer是生词, 但wanderer是由我们所熟悉的wander变化而来的名词, 那可以推出的意思是“流浪汉”。

2.Nearby is the race course, where the town＇s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.

以where引导的定语从句为依据, course应是汽车赛举行的地点, 所以排除“过程”, “课程”, “航向”, 而要定义为“跑道”。

3. The type of meter is called millimeter, which is used to measure electricity.

通过定语从句which is used to measure electricity（用来测量电的）, 我们可以将millimeter的词义确定为“万用表”。

4.The nurse will be on the night shift ---- from midnight to 6 a.m. -.

由破折号之间的解释内容, 我们可以了解到night shift意思为“夜班”。

5.To train the students to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words through contextual clues, namely, through the words before or after the words they may not know.

namely后面的内容解释说明了contextual clues为“情景线索”。

6.In sports, especially athletics, success is often prevented by psychological obstacles, that is, barriers that exist in the mind only.

that is后面的内容解释说明了psychological obstacles为“心理障碍”

7.One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.

文中predominant的词义可猜测为与of greatest importance的意思相近。

8.All the other members are of the same opinion. They are unanimous.

unanimous与of the same opinion同义, 可猜为“一致同意的”。

四. 前后对比法

利用文中的反义词猜测词义。能够体现对比关系的词汇常见的有表转折关系的but, while, on one hand... on the other, for one thing... for another, whereas, however, otherwise, after all等。

1.American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers will come late.

文中be punctual.的意思, 可理解为not come late, 即"准时, 不迟到"。

2.Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.

根据文中Unlike的意思, shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.应该表达了"gregarious"相反的意思, 所以gregarious的意思为"好交际的"。

3．Most of them agreed; however, John dissented.

dissented通过however与agreed对比, "反对"。

4.Jane was talking with others while Bliza remained reticent all the time.

根据while的提示, 前后对照, reticent的含义是"沉默寡言"。

5.104 studies, involving 15,000 people is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and more successful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, and is linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness.

optimism"乐观主义"与Pessimism意义相反, 可猜Pessimism之意为"悲观主义"。

五、下文定义法

1.In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Taboo is a word from the language of the Fiji Islands, used to describe something forbidden.

根据句子内容, 可猜测Taboo为“禁忌”。

2.Instinctive behavior is a pattern of behavior that an animal is born with.

根据句子内容, 可猜测Instinctive behavior为“本性”。

3.An expedition is a long, organized trip or journey, which is made into an unfamiliar area for a particular purpose by a group of people.

句中which引导的定语从句进一步解释了expedition之意为“远征队”。

4.A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof-- not friendly, of distance from others. 破折号后的内容是aloof一词"不友好, 冷漠"的释意。

5. We all use onomatopoeic words --words that sound like the noise they are describing.

不难猜出onomatopoeic words意为"象声词"。

六. 基本构词法

根据基本的构词法知识（前缀、后缀、复合等）来推测生词的词义。

1.They overestimate the interviewee＇s ability and asked him many difficult questions.

在overestimate词中是前缀, 意思是"过分---"。因此, overestimate的词义可猜测为"过高估计"。

2. We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.

spacious是由词根space（空间）和ious（形容词后缀）构成。由此我们可以猜出其意思为"有空间的, 宽敞的"。

3. Globalization---one world one economy integration, is the buzz word of the 1990s.

破折号后one world one economy integration是Globalization一词"全球经济一体化"的释义。

4．If the pollution of air and land and water is allowed to go on, the earth will be uninhabitable.

七综合法

以上几种猜测词义的方法不是互不联系的, 有时可以同时采用几种方法猜测词义。

1．Sociologists divide families into two general types: the nuclear family and the extended family, which may include three or more generations living together. 根据定语从句, 可猜测extended family意思是"大家庭", 与extended family意思相反, 可猜测nuclear family为"小家庭"。

2．.A vegetarian does not want meat, but may rate the utility of banana very highly, while a meat-eater may prefer steak.

句中vegetarian通过while与meat-eater对比, 可猜为“吃素者”。

3.Doctors, scientists, and public health experts often travel to these regions to solve the mystery of a long healthy life; the experts hope to bring to the modern world the secrets of longevity.

生词longevity，的意思为“长命的、长寿的”。

总之, 在英语阅读中运用和掌握这些猜词方法, 就会在很大程度上减少生词的数量, 有助于提高阅读速度和培养阅读能力。

练习:

Reading the following selections and determine the meanings of the words in bold print.

1. The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution she was banished. A few members of the Senate opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country forever.

A) killed by stoning B) sent away

C) imprisoned D) punished by whipping

2. The prisoner seemed to relax but actually he was thinking hard, while his hand moved so slowly that the movement was imperceptible. It was only when the keys accidentally fell from the table that the guard suddenly realized that the prisoner＇s hand had almost reached them.

A) hardly noticeable B) heavy-handed

C) not capable of fast or immediate action D) a matter of habit

3. Mrs. Morgan＇s son was intelligent and charming, but his continual extravagance made her wonder if she could continue to support him. Each month she was going deeper into debt, attempting to pay for his expensive purchases.

A)superior manner

B)wastefulness or carelessness in spending money

C)showing too great concern for current fashions

D)insults to family or close friends

4. Although the hazards of the trip were many -- for example, the unbearable heat, the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes ---- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.

A) pleasures B) conveniences C) dangers D) equipment

KEY: B, A, B, C

1.I know what you’re thinking: pizza (比萨饼)? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the

a.m. if you want to. (全国IIA)

I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers—it may sound crazy,but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself. “You can always eat it tomorrow,”I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night.

The word “leftovers”in Paragraph 1 means_

A. food remaining after a meal

B. things left undone

C. meals made of vegetables

D. pizza topped with fruit

2.(天津B) I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke(唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth. Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.

41. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that ______.

A. she uses English in foreign trade

B. she is fascinated by languages

C. she works as a translator

D. she is a writer by profession

(福建C) Days 1-3 UK-Shanghai

Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food. Visit the beautiful YU Garden, Old Town. Shanghai Museum, cross the Great Nampa Bridge and tour the Pudong area. Also explore Xintiandi with its 1920’s style Smkomen buildings and end your stay in Shanghai with an amazing Huangpu river evening tour.

64. The underlined word “sample”in the passage probably means “_____ ”

A. buy

B. reserve

C. taste

D. Make

4. (09山东C) The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message. Tobacco taxes improve public health, health, they raise money and most particularly, they deter people from taking up the habit as teens, which is when nearly all smokers are addicted. Yet the rate of taxation varies widely.

68. The underlined word "deter”in Paragraph 3 most probably means .

A. discarding

B. remove

C. benefit

D. free

5.(安徽B) Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing. In fact, they are seen as “boats on land”for their ability to carry loads.

60. The words "boats on land" underlined in Paragraph 2 refer to __

A. animals for taking goods

B. creatures for pulling plows

C. treasures of the folk culture

D. tools in the farming economy

6.(陕西C) Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’tales, After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated (积累) from thousands of years of experience in family health care. We should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientific support to prove it true or false

50. The phrase “hold water”in the last paragraph most probably means“”

A. to be believable

B. to be valuable

C. to be admirable

D. to be suitable

7.(湖北A) One day in 1918, my Uncle Milton received his draft notice. My grandparents were very upset. But my mother, at the age of 10, felt on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war. Realizing how he was regarded by his little sister and all of her friends, my uncle bought them all service pins, which meant that they had a loved one in the service. All the little girls were delighted.

52. The underlined phrase “draft notice”means “______”.

A. order for army service

B. train ticket for Europe

C. letter of rejection

D. note of warning

8.(江西E) New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings, coupled with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.

72. The word “coupled”in the first paragraph could best be replaced by .

A. produced

B. contributed

C. doubled

D. combined

答案DAAAACDA

推理判断专项答案：

CAAAD/ CD

新广告法禁用极限词

新广告法禁用极限词 9月1日起新广告法全面实施，按照新法规，广告中不得“使用国家级、最高级、最佳等用语”，部分手机厂商有可能在这一轮新法规推行过程中倒下。因此，这项法规也被另类的解读为“将手机行业的撕逼扼杀在摇篮里”。什么样的行为会被罚? 新广告法只是明确不能使用“国家级、最高级、最佳等用语”，但这其中的“等”并没有做明确的解释，换句话说，这个说明具有很大的解释范围空间。我们查阅了一下相关的资料，1997年8月8日的《国家工商行政管理局关于“极品”两字在广告语中是否属于“最高级”、“最佳”等用语问题的答复》这份资料中，将极品依次归类为绝对化用语范畴，于是在坊间就传出了这样一份绝对化用语表单： “国家级、世界级、最高级、最佳、最大、唯一、首个、首选、最好、精确、顶级、最高、最低、最、最具、最便宜、最新、最先进、最新技术、最先进科学、国际级产品、填补国内空白、绝对、独家、首家、最先进、第一品牌、金牌、名牌、优秀、最先、顶级、独家、全网销量第一、全球首发、全网首发、世界领先、顶级工艺、最新科学、最新技术、最先进加工工艺、最时尚、极品、顶级、顶尖、终极、最受欢迎、王牌、销量冠军、第一(No.1、Top1)、极致、永久、王牌、

掌门人、领袖品牌、独一无二、独家、绝无仅有、前无古人、史无前例、万能”。大致整理了一下，带有“最、一、级/极、首/家/国”等前缀或者后缀的词汇，都有可能被解释为绝对化用语，进而撞在新《广告法》的枪口上，注意是有可能，而不是一定。 (插播一条科普广告) 极限用语包括但不限于商品列表页、商品的标题，副标题，主图以及详情页，商品包装等，触犯新广告法底线，单独的罚款方面，20万起步，最高100万元(详见新广告法57条)。 (好了，广告完毕，下面开始进入正题) 哪家厂商会被罚? 你可能不关注处罚力度是什么，怎么样，但一定想知道谁有可能成为在新法规推行过程中首当其冲的手机厂商? (请注意了，导演说以下排名不分先后) 超级手机新法规面前，乐视最有可能率先中枪，别人是在产品宣传内容出了绝对化用语，乐视这连产品名字都可能会进入被禁之列，而且与别家不同的是，乐视出现这种问题的还不止一款产品，超级手机、超级电视、超级遥控器集体中枪。然而这并不是重点，重点是性价比之王虽然也没有出现在极限词汇的榜单里头，但仍然也是一个绝对化用语，性质大概和掌门人、王牌一类的词汇是一样的。

英文中介词和动词短语的辨析

英文中介词和动词短语的辨析 Many students when learning English seem to get confused about exactly how to use prepositions correctly. The problem is that new English students either try to compare them, or to use them in the same way that they are used in their own language. This is something that does not always work. Although they CAN often be used in the same way, sometimes there are exceptions to the rule that just have to be excepted. For example: 1. I go home after work. And not (I go to home after work). 2. I am playing football at the weekend. And not (I am playing football in the weekend). They are all the little words that we use to join up phrases and sentences, so that they either sound right when we speak, or they look right when we write. There are over 150 of these joining words used in the English language. At, in, on, of, to, off, for, by, with, into, onto, after, about, after, before, behind, down, than, through, etc., are all such words. When trying to use these words correctly, it is best to learn them in a drip feed fashion. For example: One day could be spent learning how to use them with time, e.g. on Sunday, at night, at the weekend, at seven o' clock, etc. Another day could be spent learning how to use them with places, e.g. The pencil is on/in/next to/by/under the table, etc. Something else that also leads to confusion are phrasal verbs. With these verbs the list just seems to go on and on. But first let us take a quick look at the difference between a preposition, and an adverb. 1. The cat climbed up the curtain. (up is the preposition since it has an object, the curtain). 2. The cat ran off in the morning. (off is an adverb since it has no object, and talks about the verb ran).

2016高职考英语词汇表【包含2016新增词汇】

说明：根据高职考试要求制作了词汇表。词汇表共收单词2200个左右。其中未注标记的单词1700个左右（含初中学过的词汇），标“*”的词汇500个。考生应掌握本表中的未标记的词汇和标“*”的词汇。词汇表 A a（an）art. ability n. able a. *aboard prep. & ad. about ad. & prep. above prep. & a. abroad ad. *absent a. accept v. *access n. & v. accident n.account n. accountant n. ache v. & n. across prep. & ad. act n. & v. action n. active a. activity n. actor n. actress n. actually ad. ad（=advertisement） n.

add v. addition n. address n. *adjust v. *administration n. *admire v. adult n. *advanced a. advice n. advise v. *afford v. afraid a. Africa n. African n. & a. after prep. & conj. afternoon n. again ad. against prep. age n. agency n. agent n. ago ad. agreement n. ahead ad. aid n. & v.aim n. & v. air n. airline n. airport n. *aisle n. album n. *alcohol n. *alert a. alike a. & ad. alive a. all a.，ad.& pron. allow v. almost ad. alone a. along ad. & prep. aloud ad. already ad. alsoa d. although conj. always ad. am/a. m.，AM/A. M. n. *amazing a. America n.

新广告法禁用词汇

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