电子信息工程专业英语

专业英语复习

Lesson3Microprocessors (1)

Lesson4Operational Amplifiers (2)

Lesson8Clock Sources (3)

Lesson12Personal Computer Systems (4)

Lesson13Overview of Modern Digital Design (5)

Lesson16Basic Concepts of DSP (6)

Lesson19High Fidelity Audio (8)

Lesson22Digital Image Fundamentals (9)

Lesson25Choosing the right core (10)

Lesson26Design Languages for Embedded Systems (11)

Lesson27Choosing a Real-Time Operating System (12)

Lesson28Signal Sources (13)

Lesson3Microprocessors

1.micron是“微米(百万分之一米)”

2.data width是指算术逻辑单元ALU的字长

3.MIPS Million Instructions Per Second每秒百万条指令

4.Reset复位

5.tri-state buffer三态缓冲器

A tri-state buffer is a device that allows you to control when an output signal makes it to the bus.When the tri-state buffer's control bit is active,the input of the device makes it to the output.When it's not active,the output of the device is Z,which is high-impedance or,equivalently,nothing.There is no electrical signal is allowed to pass to the output.

6.Pipelining

A technique where the microprocessor fetches the next instruction before completing execution of the previous instruction,in order to increase processing speed.）

流水线是一种在前一条指令全部执行完之前就开始取下一条指令，以提高处理速度的技术。

Vocabulary

power，buffer，assume，reset，activate，permanent

1.The4004powered one of the first portable electronic calculators.

最早出现的一种便携式电子计算器就采用了4004作为计算引擎。

2.There are six boxes marked"3-State"in the diagram.These are tri-state buffers.A tri-state buffer can pass a1,a0or it can essentially disconnect its output.A tri-state buffer allows multiple outputs to connect to a wire,but only one of them to actually drive a1or a0onto the line.

图中标有“3-State”的方框是三态缓冲器。它可以传送逻辑1、逻辑0，或和输出断开。三态缓冲器允许在一条信号线上连接多个输出信号，但只有一个信号输出。

3.And let's assume that both the address and data buses are8bits wide here.

这里假定数据总线和地址总线的宽度都是８位。

Let's assume that this simple microprocessor has128bytes of ROM starting at address0and128bytes of RAM starting at address128.

假定该微处理器有128字节ROM（地址从0开始）和128字节RAM（地址从128开始）。

4.The program counter is a latch with the extra ability to increment by1when told to do so,and also to reset to zero when told to do so.

程序计数器（PC）是一种具备“加一”、“置零”功能的锁存器。

5.activate the tri-state buffer for the program counter

activate the RD line

activate the data-in tri-state buffer

6.A ROM chip is programmed with a permanent collection of pre-set bytes.

ROM芯片是用一组永久的预设字节进行编程得到的。

Lesson4Operational Amplifiers

Terminology

transducer n.传感器,变换器transfer function传输函数stability n.稳定性

GBW Gain bandwidth增益带宽积signal conditioner信号调理器voltage source电压源current source电流源

Vocabulary

underlying,present,graphical,perceptive,passive,predominant

1.This is called negative feedback,and it is the underlying operating principle for all modern day op amps.

这个方案被称为“负反馈”，它是现代运算放大器的基本工作原理。

2.In1945H.W.Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods.

1945年，伯德提出了一套用来分析反馈系统稳定性的图形化方法。

3.In1945H.W.Bode presented a system for analyzing the stability of feedback systems by using graphical methods.

1945年，伯德提出了一套用来分析反馈系统稳定性的图形化方法。

4.Bode presented a log technique that transformed the intensely mathematical process of calculating a feedback system’s stability into graphical analysis that was simple and perceptive.

伯德提出了一种对数方法，将分析反馈系统稳定性的数学过程转换为容易的、好理解的图形化分析。

5.Passive components had much better drift characteristics than active components had,thus if an amplifier’s gain could be made dependent on passive components,the problem would be solved.

无源器件比有源器件具有好得多的漂移特性；假如能使得放大器增益仅由无源器件决定的话，那么这个问题就会解决。

The designer’s problem is how to rapidly select the correct circuit/op amp combination and then,how to calculate the passive component values that yield the desired transfer function in the circuit.

设计者需要解决的问题是：（1）怎样迅速选择正确的电路（运放组合）；（2）怎样计算出能产生期望电路传输函数的无源元件值。

6.As digital applications increase,analog applications also increase because the predominant supply of data and interface applications are in the real world,and the real world is an analog world.

随着数字应用的增加，模拟应用也会增加；因为大量的数据接口应用是在现实世界中，而现实世界是一个模拟的世界。

Lesson8Clock Sources

Terminology

Oscillator振荡器

CXO:Temperature Compensated Crystal Oscillator温度补偿晶体振荡器PLL:Phase Locked Loop锁相环

VCO:Voltage Controlled Oscillator压控振荡器

Detector n.检测器，检波器，探测元件

1.Increment in text

The Resolution will determine in what size increment s the frequency can change.

精度决定了频率改变的增量。

2.Propagation in text

A Clock Buffer is a device in which the output waveform directly follows the input waveform.The input waveform propagates through the device and is redriven by the output buffers.Hence,such devices have a propagation delay associated with them. In addition,due to the differences between the propagation delay through the device

on each input-output path,skew will exist on the outputs.

时钟缓冲器是一种输出波形直接跟随输入波形的器件。输入波形通过该器件并被输出缓冲器重新驱动。因此，该类器件存在传播延迟。此外，由于在每个输入-输出通道间存在传播延迟的差别，输出端将出现相位抖动。

3.Deviation in text

Jitter can be defined as the deviations in a clock’s output transitions from their ideal positions.The deviation can either be leading or lagging the ideal position.

抖动被定义为时钟输出的状态转换位置偏离了理想位置。这种偏离可能超前于理想位置，也可能滞后于理想位置。

4.Transition in text

Period jitter,also called short-term jitter,is a change in a clock’s output transition from its ideal position over consecutive clock edges.

周期内抖动也称为短期抖动。它是指在相继时钟边沿的范围内时钟输出状态转换位置偏离理想位置。

5.Intrinsic,extrinsic in text

Clock Driver Skew(Intrinsic Skew)is the amount of skew caused by the clock driver itself.

时钟驱动器相位偏移（内部相位偏移）是由时钟驱动器引起的相位偏移量。Board Design Skew(Extrinsic skew)is the amount of skew caused by board layout issues such as:

电路板设计相位偏移（外部相位偏移）是由下列电路板布线问题造成的相位偏移量：

6.Nominal in text

Tolerance/Accuracy/Precision is a measure of how close the part operates to the specified(nominal)frequency,typically referenced at ambient temperature(25oC+/-5oC).

该参数度量的是器件的工作频率和标称频率（一般是指在常温下）的接近程度。

Lesson12Personal Computer Systems

Terminology

CPU

RAM,ROM,BIOS Caching,Virtual memory IDE Controller

PCI SCSI,AGP

USB,FireWire

DSL modem,VDSL modem OS

1.Facet in text

When you mention the word"technology,"most people think about computers.

Virtually every facet of our lives has some computerized component.

一提到“技术”这个词，多数人都会想到计算机。实际上，和计算机相关的事物出现在我们生活中的方方面面。

2.Appliance in text

The appliances in our homes have microprocessors built into them,as do our televisions.Even our cars have a computer.

电视机等家用电器内部就有微处理器，汽车里也有计算机。

3.Virtual in text

Virtual memory-Space on a hard disk used to temporarily store data and swap it in and out of RAM as needed

虚拟存储器：用于暂存数据和在需要时和RAM交换数据的硬盘空间。

4.Regulate in text

Power supply-An electrical transformer regulates the electricity used by the computer.

电源：一种为计算机提供电能的电源管理器。

5.Interface in text

User Interface-Providing a way for you to communicate and interact with the computer

用户接口：提供人机通信和交互的途径。

Lesson13Overview of Modern Digital Design Terminology

CD:compact disc光盘

LP:long playing record慢转密纹唱片

CAD:Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计

EDA:Electronic Design Automatic电子设计自动化

HDL:Hardware Description Language硬件描述语言

VHDL极高速集成电路(VHSIC)硬件描述语言

ASIC:Application Specific Integrated Circuit专用集成电路

PLD:Programmable Logic Device可编程逻辑器件

PLA:Programmable Logic Array可编程逻辑阵列

RTL:Register Transfer Level寄存器传送级

1.Capture in text p131line22

Synthesis and simulation EDA tools require that the design be transferred from the designer's imagination into the tools themselves.This can be done by drawing a diagram of the design using a graphical package.This is known as schematic capture. EDA综合工具和模拟工具均要求设计者将想法转化为设计。使用图形化软件包画设计原理图可以实现这一步。这种方法称之为“原理图输入”。

2.Effective in text p132line17

Although the individual integrated circuits might cost as little as10cents each,the cost of designing the printed circuit board for such a system and the cost of assembling the board are very significant and this design style is no longer cost-effective.

尽管每片集成电路的成本也许只有10美分，但用于印刷电路板（PCB）设计、组装的成本却非常可观。因此，这种设计方法并不合算的。

3.Term in text p134line19

Choose a suitable placement for the gates in terms of which gates share integrated circuits and in terms of where each integrated circuit is placed on the printed circuit board.

为逻辑门选择合适的布局——集成电路中包含哪些逻辑门以及各个集成电路在印刷电路板上的位置。

4.Term in text p133line28

Connections between the inputs and the product terms(P,Q,R,S)and between the product terms and outputs are shown;the remaining connections have been removed as part of the programming procedure.

图中显示了输入和乘积项(P，Q，R，S)之间的连接以及乘积项和输出之间的连接。其余的连接在编程时就被去除了。

5.Sequential in text p134line2

Most digital systems are sequential,that is they have states,and the outputs depend on the present state.

大多数数字系统是时序的——系统中有许多状态，而输出依赖于当前的状态（现态）。

6.Specification in text p134line9

Write a specification.

If necessary,partition the design into smaller parts and write a specification for each part.

From the specification draw a state machine chart.This shows each state of the system and the input conditions that cause a change of state,together with the outputs in each state.

写出设计规格。

如果需要的话，将设计分解为若干部分，并为每一部分写出设计规格。

根据设计规格，画出状态机（状态转换图）。该图包括系统的每一个状态、引起状态变化的输入条件和每个状态的输出。

Lesson16Basic Concepts of DSP

Terminology

sample and hold circuit采样保持路zero order hold零阶保持

acquisition time采集时间quantization level(step)量化电（间隔）full scale rang满量程范围dynamic range动态范围

signal-to-noise ratio信噪比Nyquist theorem奈奎斯特定理undersampling欠采样aliasing混叠现象

spectral inversion频谱反转anti-aliasing filter抗混叠滤波器real time实时

1.Reciprocal in text

The length of the sampling interval is the same as the sampling period,and the reciprocal of the sampling period is the sampling frequency fs.

“采样间隔”的长度和“采样周期”的长度相同，而“采样周期”的倒数就是“采样频率”fs。

2.Precede in text

To make sure aliasing will not occur,sampling is always preceded by low pass filtering.

为了保证不会出现混叠，在采样之前总是要进行低通滤波。

3.Range in text

The strength of the signal compared to that of the quantization errors is measured by dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio.

相对于量化误差的信号强度使用“动态范围”和“信噪比”来度量。

4.Proportion in text

This process begins by converting each digital code into an analog voltage that is proportional in size to the number represented by the code.

首先，将码字转换为和码字所代表数字的大小成正比的模拟电压。

5.Deduce in text

All of the important signal characteristics can be deduced from the copy of the spectrum that appears in the baseband through sampling.

信号的所有重要特征都可以从因采样而出现在基带的频谱副本中得到。

6.Alternative in text

However,there are some of the other alternatives available for digital signal processing.How they compare to DSPs?

然而，实现数字信号处理还可以有其他一些选择。和数字信号处理器相比，这些选择如何呢？

7.Iterative in text

However,since ASICS are not field-programmable,their functionality cannot be iteratively changed or updated while in product development.

然而，ASIC无法进行现场编程；即使是在产品开发阶段，也无法对其功能进行反复修改和升级。

8.Impediment in text

As such,every new version of the product requires a redesign and trips through the foundry,an expensive proposition,and an impediment to rapid time-to-market.

每次推出一个新产品都需要重新进行设计并经历所有制造流程；这样做不但造价昂贵，而且不利于迅速上市。

Lesson19High Fidelity Audio

Terminology

Audiophile高保真音响爱好者Hearing听力，听觉Microscope显微镜Phonograph留声机

Rpm:revolutions per minute转数／分scanning velocity扫描速度Playback录音重放feature size特征尺寸

block diagram框图

look-up table查找表

Reed-Solomon coding里德-索罗蒙编码

Bessel filter贝塞耳滤波器

sin(x)/x correction sin(x)/x校正

1.Feature in text p205line19

As shown by the geometry in Fig.19.1,the CD stores about1bit per(μm)2, corresponding to1million bits per(mm)2,and15billion bits per disk.This is about the same feature size used in integrated circuit manufacturing,and for a good reason.从图19.1显示的几何尺寸可以看出，CD每平方微米存储1位信息（相当于每平方毫米1百万位），共存储1.5亿位信息。这个尺寸（1平方微米）和集成电路制造中的特征尺寸大致是相同的。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d612486226.html,ply in text p206line10

This has the advantage of reducing the error rate due to the optical pickup,but how do you force the binary data to comply with this strange bunching?

这样做的好处是降低了光学读取造成的错误率。但是，如何让二进制数值遵循这种奇怪的安排？

3.Artificial in text p207line29

Music played through a monaural(one channel)system often sounds artificial and bland.In comparison,a good stereo reproduction makes the listener feel as if the musicians are only a few feet away.

单声道系统播放出来的音乐往往听上去生硬而又平淡。相比之下，一个好的立体声音响系统会使听者感到似乎演奏家们只有几步之遥。

4.Reproduce in text p205line3

Rather than just matching the abilities of the human ear,these systems are designed to exceed the limits of hearing.It's the only way to be sure that the reproduced music is pristine.

这些系统不是设计得刚好满足人类的听觉需求，而是超越了人类听觉的极限。这是唯一能够确保再现音乐无任何失真的方法。

5.Secondary in text p205line1

Audiophiles demand the utmost sound quality,and all other factors are treated as secondary.

高保真音响爱好者对声音质量要求极高，而把除此以外所有其他因素都视作第二位。

Lesson22Digital Image Fundamentals

Terminology

Pixel像素

Gray scale image灰度图像Gray scale level灰度级Histogram直方图

Bar graph条形图

Histogram equalization直方图均衡Image contrast图像对比度Edge filter边缘滤波器

Edge detection边缘检测Object recognition目标识别Run-length encoding行程编码Huffman encoding哈夫曼编码DCT:Discrete Cosine Transform离散余弦变换

CT:computed tomography计算机断层造影

MRI:Magnetic Resonance Imaging 核磁共振成像

2.Scale in text p237line4

The larger the number of pixels in an image,and the larger the number of available gray scale levels,the better the resolution of the image.

图像的像素数越大，可用灰度级的数量越大，图像的分辨力也越好。

3.Shade in text p237line2

For gray scale images,each pixel is assigned a number that represents the gray shade assigned to that pixel.

对灰度图而言，每个像素被赋予一个代表该像素灰度级的数值。

4.Equalization in text p237line12

When an image uses only a small portion of the available gray scale levels,histogram equalization can be used to spread out the usage of gray scale levels over the entire available range.

当一幅图像只用了可用灰度级的一小部分时，可以使用直方图均衡的方法将灰度级的使用扩展到整个可用的范围。

5.Kerne l in text p239line2

Digital images can be filtered using two-dimensional convolution with a convolution kernel.

数字图像的滤波可以通过使用卷积算子进行2维卷积实现。

6.Recognition in text p239line12

Successfully detecting the edges in an image is the first step towards confident identification of object boundaries and then object recognition.

要实现可靠的物体边界识别以及目标识别，首先就要成功地检测到图像的边缘。

Lesson25Choosing the right core

Terminology

Lifespan使用期限，平均生命期，存在时间

bill of materials材料单

cross-compiler交叉编译器

CISC:Complex Instruction Set Computer复杂指令集计算机

RISC:Reduced Instruction Set Computer精简指令集计算机

PDA:Personal Digital Assistant个人数字助理

1.Norm in text

Compare this to the norm with embedded systems,where you will need to look at the board,work out the hardware configuration yourself,and sysgen the kernel and driver set on external hardware,probably using a cross-compiler.

这一点就和嵌入式系统的规矩不一样：用户需要察看电路板、自己完成硬件配置的设置、（很可能使用交叉编译器）生成系统内核和外部硬件的驱动程序。

2.Refinement in text

It is a mature,well-understood architecture with a solid engineering history and many refinements.

ARM是一个成熟的、为人熟知的结构。它有翔实可靠的工程应用历史，并且做过许多改进。

3.Variant in text

I have found them to be fairly difficult to develop with on a shoestring budget; evaluation hardware is usually costly,and most variants of these parts are not readily available to buyers who are unable to demonstrate a need for large quantities.

我发现用很少的资金去开发这些微处理器都是很困难的；大多数评估硬件通常很贵，而是那些表现不出将会大量订货的购买者也不会立即得到这些器件。

4.Property in text

Partly because of the above factors,there is a huge amount of freely available intellectual property already extant for this core.

部分由于上述因素，业界存在着大量用于ARM内核的免费IP。

5.Contract in text

Modern x86parts and their support chips are very high-speed devices in dense

packages.It is virtually impossible to hand-prototype your own design based around these parts;unless you want to spend many thousands of dollars on equipment,at the very least you will have to contract out some assembly work.

现代x86器件及其支撑芯片都是高密度封装形式的高速器件。实际上，不可能以这种器件为基础手工设计样机；除非您想在设备上投入数万美元，但也不得不将其中一些装配工作承包出去。

6.Lifespan in text

PC peripheral ICs often have very short production lifespans;twelve to eighteen months is not uncommon,so ongoing sourcing may be an issue.

PC外设集成电路的生产周期往往很短，12~18个月是很平常的；因此，供货可能会成为一个问题。

Lesson26Design Languages for Embedded Systems

Terminology Hierarchy层次Instance实例Primitive原语；图元Assignment赋值Expression表达式Compiler编译器Construct模型Loop循环Template模板Operand操作数Function函数Integer整数

Class类Inheritance继承性String字符串Collision冲突Pointer指针

Array数组，阵列Structure结构体Field字段

Stack堆栈Schedule调度

Deadline截止时间

Thread线程

Contention竞争

Lock锁定

Concurrent process并发进程，并行进程

Truth table真值表

Resolution function判决函数

Bit vector位向量

Branch instruction分支指令Program counter程序计数器Addressing mode寻址模式Floating point numbers浮点数Global data全局数据

Program call程序调用

Error handling错误处理

Object-oriented面向对象的Object reference对象引用Memory management内存管理

1.Instance in text

Both describe systems with structural hierarchy:a system consists of blocks that contain instances of primitives,other blocks,or concurrent processes.

这两种语言均使用具有结构化层次的描述系统：将一个系统分成若干模块。系统模块包含着基本元件、其他模块和并发进程的实例。

2.Gear in text

Verilog provides more primitives geared specifically toward hardware simulation. Verilog提供了更多适于硬件仿真的基本元件。

Overall,Verilog is the leaner language,more directly geared toward simulating digital integrated circuits.

总的来说，Verilog是一种更简洁、更直接面向数字集成电路仿真的语言。3.Imperative in text

As such,most languages list imperative instructions,executed in order that communicate through memory—an array of storage locations that hold their values until changed.

大多数语言列出了要执行的指令，这些指令按照和存储器（存储器是存储数据的阵列）通信的顺序执行。

4.Intuitive in text

Each machine instruction typically does little more than,for example,add two numbers,so high-level languages aim to specify many instructions concisely and intuitively.

一般而言，一条机器指令只能完成像两个数相加之类的简单操作。因此，高级语言的设计目标是能够简明、直观地指定指令。

5.Mode in text

A processor's assembly language is defined by its opcodes,addressing modes, registers,and memories.

一种微处理器的汇编语言是由操作码、寻址模式、寄存器和存储器定义的。

Lesson27Choosing a Real-Time Operating System

Terminology

protocol草案，协议，规程debugger调试器

kernel内核，内核程序Stack堆栈

system call系统调用source code源代码，源程序integrated development tool集成开发工具

cross compiler交叉编译程序device driver设备驱动程序interrupt latency中断等待时间

1.Suffice in text

Average or expected-case analysis simply will not suffice.

仅仅进行平均情况分析或期望情况分析是不够的。

2.Execution in text

An operating system is said to be deterministic if the worst-case execution time of each of its system calls is calculable.

如果每个系统调用在最坏情况下的执行时间都是可计算的，那么这个操作系统就是确定性的。

3.Source in text

Those at the lower end of the spectrum offer just a basic preemptive scheduler and a few other key system calls.These operating systems are usually inexpensive,come with source code that you can modify,and do not require payment of any royalties.

低端商用操作系统仅提供基本的先占式调度器和另外几个关键的系统调用。这些操作系统通常价格便宜，源代码无法修改，而且不需要付版权费。

Lesson28Signal Sources

Terminology Oscilloscope示波器

Logic analyzer逻辑分析仪Multiplexer多路复用器Stimulus signal激励信号Design specification设计规格Full range满量程Troubleshooting发现并修理故障DMM:Digital Multimeter数字多用表

UUT:Unit Under Test被测设备DG:Data Generator数据发生器Vertical resolution:垂直分辨率

AWG:Arbitrary Waveform Generator任意波形发生器

AFG:Arbitrary Function Generator任意函数发生器

1.Acquisition in text

An acquisition instrument–usually an oscilloscope or logic analyser–is probably the first thing that comes to mind when you think about making electronic measurements.当进行电子测量时，人们首先想到的很可能是一件采集仪器——通常是示波器或逻辑分析仪。

2.Stimulus in text

The toolset for digital design characterization differs from its counterpart in analog/mixed signal design,but both must include stimulus instruments and acquisition instruments.The signal source,or signal generator,is the stimulus source that pairs with an acquisition instrument to create the two elements of a complete measurement solution.

用于数字设计特性评价的测量仪器和用于模拟/混合信号设计的测量仪器是不一样的，但两者一定都包含激励信号产生仪器和信号采集仪器。信号源（或信号发生器）和采集仪器是构成一个完整测量解决方案的两大基本组成部分。

3.Margin in text

To cite another example,engineers must characterize their emerging designs to ensure that the new hardware meets design specifications across the full range of operation and beyond.This is known as margin or limit testing.

举另外一个例子。为了确保新硬件在整个操作范围及该范围之外满足性能设计要求，工程师们必须对即将完成的设计进行特性评价。这就是所谓的“边缘测试或极限测试”。

4.Evaluation in text

A signal source is nothing less than the cornerstone of almost any instrumentation setup used in hardware design,debug,or evaluation projects

信号源是用于硬件设计、调试、评价工程中的几乎任何一种测量配置的基础。

5.Ancillary in text

It can be very difficult to design an instrumentation-quality signal generator,and of course,the time spent designing ancillary test equipment is a costly distraction from the project itself.

设计一个仪器级的信号发生器是非常困难的，而且设计辅助设备耗费的时间也将人们的宝贵精力从项目中分散开。

6.Brief in text

Similarly,these fast AWGs with deep memory can generate very brief digital pulses and transients.

同样，这些高速、大存储深度的AWG能够产生非常短暂的数字脉冲和暂态波形。

专业英语教案光电信息工程专业用

专业英语教案

1 What is Optics（什么是光） Mankind has always been fascinated with light, thinking of it in ancient times as an uncontrollable, mystical force of nature. Science unraveled some of its mysteries as the inventions of mirrors, spectacles, and later microscopes and telescopes revealed to mankind how light can be tailored to help people in their daily lives and in exploration, physically through the world and intellectually through science. ◆unraveled vt. 阐明, 解决 ◆reveal vt. 展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露 ◆tailor n. 裁缝；vt. 剪裁, 缝制(衣服)～, 适应, 适合 人类总被光迷住，在古代把它认为成是一种无法控制的、神秘的自然力量。科学用一些发明来阐明光的神秘，例如有镜子，眼镜和后来展示给人类的显微镜和望远镜，以此来告诉我们光是如被调整而用于帮助人们的日常生活和科学研究，以及帮助我们认识世界和发展科学（身体上通过世界和智力通过科学）。 Optics is the study of light and vision in science and engineering. Light is generally defined as the sector of the electromagnetic spectrum between the infrared and ultraviolet sectors that can be seen with the unaided eye. 光学是在科学和工程面对光和视觉的研究。光一般被定义介于红外和紫外之间、可被裸眼看到的电磁波谱的一部分。 Optics plays an influential role in our lives: 光学在我们的生活中起着重要作用： When you look into a mirror in the morning to comb your hair, when you see a rainbow after it rains, in medical devices that save lives, as you read this page, as you see, optics is at work. 当你在早晨面对一面镜子梳你的头发时，当你在雨后看到彩虹时，在那些挽救生命的医学设备里，当你读这篇文章时，如你所见，是光在工作。 Through these lessons, we hope to give you at least a peek ◆peek vi. 偷看；窥视；偷偷的一看, 一瞥 我们希望通过下面的这些课程，可以使你对光学有个大概的了解： into geometrical optics; ◆geometrical adj. 几学的, 几的 对几光学 into physical optics; 对物理光学 into the dual nature of light and past and current theories on it;

电子工程英语

电子工程专业英文词汇（A）A a frame a 形杆 a pole a 形杆 a register 累加寄存器 abend任务异常结束 abnormal current 异常电流 abnormal end of task 任务异常结束 abnormal glow discharge 反常辉光放电 abnormal radiation 异常辐射 abnormal reflection 异常反射 abnormal voltage异常电压 abrasion磨蚀 abrasion resistance 抗磨性 abrupt change 突然变化 abruption 断裂 abscissa横坐标 absolute 绝对的 absolute accuracy 绝对准确度 absolute block 绝对闭塞 absolute calibration绝对校准 absolute capacity 绝对容量 absolute coding 绝对编码 absolute constant 绝对常数 absolute delay 绝对延迟 absolute electrical units 绝对电单位 absolute electrode potential 绝对电极电势 absolute electromagnetic unit 绝对电磁单位 absolute electrometer 绝对静电计 absolute electrostatic unit 绝对静电单位

absolute error 绝对误差 absolute galvanometer绝对检疗 absolute humidity绝对湿度 absolute level 绝对级 absolute measurement 绝对测量 absolute method of measurement 绝对测量法absolute peak 绝对峰值 absolute permeability绝对磁导率 absolute permittivity 绝对电容率 absolute potential 绝对电势 absolute pressure 绝对压力 absolute sensitivity 绝对灵敏度 absolute slip 绝对转差率 absolute speed drop 绝对转速降 absolute speed rise 绝对转速升 absolute speed variation 绝对转速变动absolute stability 绝对稳定性 absolute system of electrical units 绝对电单位制absolute temperature 绝对温度 absolute term 绝对项 absolute unit 绝对单位 absolute voltage drop 绝对电压降 absolute voltage rise 绝对电压上升 absolute zero 绝对零度 absorption 吸收 absorption band 吸收带 absorption circuit 吸收电路 absorption coefficient 吸收系数 absorption control 吸收控制 absorption current 吸收电流 absorption curve 吸收曲线 absorption plane 吸收面

电子信息工程专业英语B篇译文

果粒橙 图解:译文“蓝色” Unit 6 The Principle of PCM PCM原理 Pcm is dependent on three separate operations, sampling, quantizing, and coding. Many different schemes for performing these three functions have evolved during recent years, and we shall describe the main ones. In these descriptions we shall see how a speech channel of telephone quality may be conveyed as a series of amplitude values, each value being represented, that is, coded as a sequence of 8 binary digits. Furthermore, we shall prove that a minimum theoretical sampling frequency of order 6.8 kilohertz(khz) is required to convey a voice channel occupying the range 300 HZ to 3.4 Khz. Practical equipments, however, normally use3 a sampling rate of 8 khz, and if 8-digits per sample value are used, the voice channel becomes represented by a stream of pulses with a repetition rate of 64khz. Fig .1-1 illustrates the sampling, quantizing, and coding processes. PCM的构成依赖于三个环节，即采样、量化和编码。近年来，人们对这三个环节的实现提出了许多不同的方案，我们将对其中的一些主要的方案进行讨论。在这些讨 论中，我们会看到话路中的语声信号是如何转换成幅值序列的，而每个幅值又被编码，即以8位二进制数的序列表示。而且，我们将证明，为了转换频率范围为300HZ— 3.4KHZ的话路信号，理论上最小采样频率须为6.8khz。但是，实际设备通常用8khz 的采样速率，而如果每个样值用8位码的话，则话路是由一个重复速率为64khz的脉 冲流来表示的。图1-1表示了采样、量化、编码的过程。 Reexamination of our simple example shows us that the speech signal of maximum frequency 3.4khz has been represented by a signal of frequency 64khz. However, if only 4-digits per sample value had been used, the quality of transmission would drop, and the repetition rate of the pulses would be reduced to 32khz. Thus the quality of transmission is dependent on the pulse repetition rate, and for digital communication systems these two variables may be interchanged most efficiently. 让我们再研究一下上面提到的简单例子。可以看出，最高频率为3.4khz的话音信号适用64khz的（脉冲流）信号来表示的。但是，如果每个样值中用4位（码）表示，则传输质量会下降，而脉冲的重复速率也将减小到32khz。因而传输质量是取决于脉 冲重复速率的。对于数字通信系统，这两个量之间极明显的互相影响着。 Digital transmission provides a powerful method for overcoming noisy environments. Noise can be introduced into transmission patch in many different ways : perhaps via a nearby lightning strike, the sparking of a car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. It is the relationship of the true signal to the noise signal, known as the signal-to-noise ratio, which is of the most interest to the communication engineer.Basically, if the signal is very large compared to the noise level, then a perfect message can take place; however, this is not always the case. For example, the signal received from a

通信与信息工程英语教程翻译

A business survives and thrives on information: information within the organization and information changed with suppliers, customers,and regulators. Moreover, the information needs to be consistent, accessible, and at the right location. We consider information in four forms-voice, data, image, and video-and the implications of distributed requirements. The term voice communications refers primarily to telephone related communications. By far the most common form of communication in any organization and for most personnel is direct telephone conversation. The telephone has been a basic tool of business for decades. Telephone communications has recently been enhanced by a variety of computer-based services, including voice mail and computerized telephone exchange systems. V oice mail provides the ability to send, forward , and reply to voice messages nonsimultaneously , and it has become a cost-efficient tool even for many midsize organizations. It provides saving on answering machines and services as well as more responsive service to customers and suppliers. Advances have also been made in computerized telephone exchange systems, including in-house digital private branch exchanges(PBX) and Centrex systems provided by the local telephone company. These new systems provide a host of features, including call forwarding, call waiting, least-cost routing of long-distance calls, and a variety of accounting and auditing features. The term data communications is sometimes used to refer to virtually any form of information transfer other than voice. It is sometimes convenient to limit this term to information in the form of text(such as reports, memos, and other documents) and numerical data(such as accounting files). The rapid changes in technology have created fresh challenges for management in making effective use of data communications. We will briefly outline the changes in technology in transmission, networks, and communications software that present the manager with new powerful business tools but also the necessity of making choices among complex alternatives. 一个企业生存和蓬勃发展的信息：在改变与供应商，客户和监管机构的组织和信息的信息。此外，对信息的需求是一致的，访问，并在合适的位置。我们认为，在四种形式的语音，数据，图像，视频和分布式需求的影响的信息。 长期的语音通信，主要是指以电话相关的通讯。迄今为止最常见的沟通形式中的任何组织和大多数工作人员是直接的电话交谈。电话已几十年来的基本的业务工具。电话通讯最近已加强各种以计算机为基础的服务，包括语音邮件和程控电话交换系统。语音信箱提供的能力，发送，转发和回复语音邮件nonsimultaneously，它已成为一个成本效益的工具，甚至许多中小型组织。提供节省答录机和服务，以及更快捷的服务客户和供应商。程控电话交换系统，包括内部数字专用分支交换机（PBX）和本地电话公司提供的Centrex系统也取得了进展。这些新系统提供主机的功能，包括呼叫转接，呼叫等待，长途电话的最低成本路由，各种会计和审计功能。 长期的数据通信有时被用来指几乎任何其他信息传输比语音形式。有时可以很方便限制这个术语在文本形式的信息（如报告，备忘录和其他文件）和数字数据（如会计档案）。已创建管理新的挑战，在有效地利用数据通信技术的迅速变化。我们将简要概述在传输技术的变化，网络和通信软件，经理提出新的强大的商业工具，但也使复杂的替代品之间的选择的必要性。

电子信息工程专业英语作业3

Lesson eight 第八课 Ⅱ.翻译句子，并注意remain和above的词类和词义 2. In this case the voltage applied must remain unchanged. 在这种情况下，那个应用电压必须保持不变 4. If you take 3 from 8, 5 remain. 如果从8中拿走3，剩5. 6. The above property was discovered by Faraday. 法拉第发现以上性质。 8. Lenz states that the self-induced emf impedes any change of current and tends to support the former current value. The above is known as Lenz’s law. 楞茨陈述自感电动势阻止电流的变化而保持先前电流的值。上面就是我们所知的楞 次定律。 Ⅲ.翻译句子，注意some的词义 2. That radio receiver weighs some five kilograms. 那个无线接收器重五公斤。 4. Some element in the substance is not known. 物质中的一些元素是人们不知道的。 Ⅳ.翻译句子，注意句中one 的不同用法和词义。 2. This concept was discussed in Chapter One. 这个概念在第一张讨论过。 4. No one can lift this equipment. 没人能举起这件设备。 6. This chapter will deal with one of the three functions of a turning circuit. 这章我们将介绍螺旋电路三个功能中的一个。 8. Before one studies a system, it is necessary to define and discuss some important terms. 在研究一个系统之前，确定且讨论一些重要的术语是有必要的。 Ⅴ.画出句中的名词从句，说明其种类，并将句子译成汉语。 2. These experiments do not show which particles. 这些实验不能显示他们的粒子结构。 4. The operating point is determined by how much bias is used. 操作要点是被用多少偏压决定的。 6. It is not important how this voltage is produced. 这个电压是怎么产生的并不重要。 8. It may be questioned whether this approach is the best for the physicist. 这种方式最适合于医生可能会被质疑。 10. This ball may be used to determine whether that body is charged. 这个球可能用于检测是否身体是带电的。 12. It is known that charged particles emit electromagnetic waves whenever they are accelerated. 众所周知的当电子被加速他们就会发射电磁波。 14. The value of this factor determines how fast the amplitude of the current

电子信息工程专业英语词汇(精华整理版)

transistor n 晶体管 diode n 二极管semiconductor n 半导体 resistor n 电阻器 capacitor n 电容器 alternating adj 交互的 amplifier n 扩音器，放大器integrated circuit 集成电路 linear time invariant systems 线性时不变系统voltage n 电压，伏特数 tolerance n 公差；宽容；容忍condenser n 电容器；冷凝器dielectric n 绝缘体；电解质electromagnetic adj 电磁的 adj 非传导性的 deflection n偏斜；偏转；偏差 linear device 线性器件 the insulation resistance 绝缘电阻 anode n 阳极，正极 cathode n 阴极 breakdown n 故障；崩溃 terminal n 终点站；终端，接线端emitter n 发射器 collect v 收集，集聚，集中insulator n 绝缘体，绝热器oscilloscope n 示波镜；示波器 gain n 增益，放大倍数 forward biased 正向偏置 reverse biased 反向偏置 P-N junction PN结 MOS（metal-oxide semiconductor）金属氧化物半导体 enhancement and exhausted 增强型和耗尽型 integrated circuits 集成电路 analog n 模拟 digital adj 数字的，数位的horizontal adj, 水平的，地平线的vertical adj 垂直的，顶点的amplitude n 振幅，广阔，丰富attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀薄化multimeter n 万用表 frequency n 频率，周率 the cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管 dual-trace oscilloscope 双踪示波器 signal generating device 信号发生器 peak-to-peak output voltage 输出电压峰峰值sine wave 正弦波 triangle wave 三角波 square wave 方波 amplifier 放大器，扩音器 oscillator n 振荡器 feedback n 反馈，回应 phase n 相，阶段，状态 filter n 滤波器，过滤器 rectifier n整流器；纠正者 band-stop filter 带阻滤波器 band-pass filter 带通滤波器 decimal adj 十进制的，小数的hexadecimal adj/n十六进制的 binary adj 二进制的；二元的octal adj 八进制的 domain n 域；领域 code n代码，密码，编码v编码 the Fourier transform 傅里叶变换 Fast Fourier Transform 快速傅里叶变换microcontroller n 微处理器；微控制器assembly language instrucions n 汇编语言指令 chip n 芯片，碎片 modular adj 模块化的；模数的 sensor n 传感器 plug vt堵，塞，插上n塞子，插头，插销coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 fiber n 光纤relay contact 继电接触器 single instruction programmer 单指令编程器 dedicated manufactures programming unit 专 供制造厂用的编程单元 beam n （光线的）束，柱，梁 polarize v（使）偏振，（使）极化 Cathode Ray Tube（CRT）阴极射线管 neuron n神经元；神经细胞 fuzzy adj 模糊的 Artificial Intelligence Shell 人工智能外壳程序 Expert Systems 专家系统 Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 Perceptive Systems 感知系统 neural network 神经网络 fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑 intelligent agent 智能代理 electromagnetic adj 电磁的 coaxial adj 同轴的，共轴的 microwave n 微波 charge v充电，使充电 insulator n 绝缘体，绝缘物 nonconductive adj非导体的，绝缘的 antenna n天线；触角 modeling n建模，造型 simulation n 仿真；模拟 prototype n 原型 array n 排队，编队 vector n 向量，矢量 wavelet n 微波，小浪 sine 正弦cosine 余弦 inverse adj倒转的，反转的n反面；相反v 倒转 high-performance 高精确性，高性能 two-dimensional 二维的；缺乏深度的 three-dimensional 三维的；立体的；真实的 object-oriented programming面向对象的程序 设计 spectral adj 光谱的 attenuation n衰减；变薄；稀释 distortion n 失真，扭曲，变形 wavelength n 波长 refractive adj 折射的 ATM 异步传输模式Asynchronous Transfer Mode ADSL非对称用户数字线Asymmetric digital subscriber line VDSL甚高速数字用户线very high data rate digital subscriber line HDSL高速数据用户线high rate digital subscriber line FDMA频分多址(Frequency Division Multiple Access) TDMA时分多址(Time Division Multiple Access) CDMA同步码分多址方式(Code Division Multiple Access) WCDMA宽带码分多址移动通信系统(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) TD-SCDMA(Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access)时分同步码分多址 SDLC(synchronous data link control)同步数据 链路控制 HDLC(high-level data link control)高级数据链路 控制 IP/TCP(internet protocol /transfer Control Protocol)网络传输控制协议 ITU (International Telecommunication Union) 国际电信联盟 ISO国际标准化组织（International Standardization Organization）； OSI开放式系统互联参考模型（Open System Interconnect） GSM全球移动通信系统（Global System for Mobile Communications） GPRS通用分组无线业务(General Packet Radio Service) FDD(frequency division duplex)频分双工 TDD(time division duplex)时分双工 VPI虚路径标识符（Virtual Path Identifier）； ISDN（Integrated Services Digital Network）综 合业务数字网 IDN综合数字网（integrated digital network） HDTV (high definition television)高清晰度电视 DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)离散余弦变换 VCI(virtual circuit address)虚通路标识 MAN城域网Metropolitan area networks LAN局域网local area network WAN广域网wide area network 同步时分复用STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing 统计时分复用STDM Statistical Time Division Multiplexing 单工传输simplex transmission 半双工传输half-duplex transmission 全双工传输full-duplex transmission 交换矩阵Switching Matrix 电路交换circuit switching 分组交换packet switching 报文交换message switching 奇偶校验parity checking 循环冗余校验CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check 虚过滤Virtual filter 数字滤波digital filtering 伪随机比特Quasi Random Bit 带宽分配Bandwidth allocation 信源information source 信宿destination 数字化digitalize 数字传输技术Digital transmission technology 灰度图像Grey scale images 灰度级Grey scale level 幅度谱Magnitude spectrum 相位谱Phase spectrum 频谱frequency spectrum 智能设备Smart Device 软切换Soft handover 硬切换Hard Handover 相干检测Coherent detection 边缘检测Edge detection 冲突检测collision detection 业务集合service integration 业务分离/综合service separation/ integration 网络集合network integration 环形网Ring networks 令牌环网Token Ring network 网络终端Network Terminal 用户终端user terminal 用户电路line circuit 电路利用率channel utilization（通道利用率） 相关性coherence 相干解调coherent demodulation 数字图像压缩digital image compression 图像编码image encoding 有损/无损压缩lossy/lossless compression 解压decompression 呼叫控制Call Control 误差控制error control 存储程序控制stored program control 存储转发方式store-and-forward manner 语音\视频传输voice\video transmission 视频点播video-on-demand(VOD) 会议电视Video Conference 有线电视cable television 量化quantization 吞吐量throughput 话务量traffic 多径分集Multipath diversity 多媒体通信MDM Multimedia Communication 多址干扰Multiple Access Interference 人机交互man machine interface 交互式会话Conversational interaction

信息工程专业英语课程论文

鲁东大学信息与电气工程学院2015 －2016 学年第-----2----学期 《 专业英语 》课程论文 课程号： 220821071 任课教师 贾世祥 成绩 论文题目：专业科技论文翻译 对给定的发表在正规外文期刊上的电子信息类专业科技论文进行翻译，包含 Title 、Introduction 、Algorithm 、Result 、Discussion 、Reference 等内容。 论文要求：（对论文题目、内容、行文、字数等作出判分规定。） 1.论文格式参考学院学士毕业论文要求，要有题目、摘要、关键字、正文、参考文献。 2.原文不包含摘要和关键字，请阅读原文并写出200~300字的英文摘要，给出5个英文关键字。 3.语言表达流畅，涉及到的图表字迹清晰，公式使用公式编辑器编辑。 4.设计报告使用B4纸打印，正文的图表可黑白打印。 教师评语： 教师签字： 年 月 日 一个简单、快速、有效的多边形减面算法 Stan Melax Abstract ：This article describes a new type of 3D model to optimize the reduction surface algorithm. Previous algorithms although it can reduce operating surface, but it in the reduction process will generate a lot of only makes processing speed becomes slow excess facet. This new algorithm is mainly through the edge collapse operation to achieve the effect of reducing the surface. This paper explains the characteristics and advantages of this algorithm by means of examples. The advantages and disadvantages of the new algorithm are also analyzed. Our initial goal is simple: we want to find a method can be reduced due to excessive blasting effects of polygons, now our art personnel only need to create a detailed model for every game objects. But there are limitations, this algorithm can only be applied to the triangle, if you need to be able to other more edges of the polygon into a simple triangle, in addition to this there is no other restrictions on the. Keywords ：Polygon reduction ；Edge Collapse ；Pretreatment ；Optimization model ；Optimization model; Application algorithm ； 如果你是一个游戏开发者，那么3D 多边形模型非常有可能是日常生活中的一部分，而且你对多少个多边形每秒、少多边形建模、细节层次等概念非常熟悉。你可能知道多边形减面算法的 目的在于通过一个有着大量多边形的高细节的模型生成一个 多边形数量比它少、但是看起来却跟原模型很相像的低面模型。这篇文章解释了一种实现自动减面的方法，并且附带的讨论了多边形减面的有用之处。在我们开始之前，我建议你去下载我的一个程序：BUNNYLOD.EXE ，它展示了我将要阐述的这项技术。你可以在Game Develop 网站上找到它。 问题的由来 在深入这个很厉害的3D 算法之前，你可能会问你自己真的有必要关注它吗？要知道，已经有一些商业的插件和工具来为你减少多边形数量了。 然而，下面的几条理由会告诉你为什么需要实现自己的减面算法： 学院 信息与电气工程学院 专业 信息工程 班级 信息1301班 本 学号 20132213652 20132213664 姓名 李惠梁 吴海峰

电子信息工程专业英语单词(A)

电子信息工程专业英语（A） 1.resistor n.电阻 2. diode n.二极管 3. ohm n.欧姆 4.tolerance ['t?l?r?ns] n.容限，公差，允许误差。5 decimal ['desim?l]十进位的，小数的 6 ratings 额定值7capacitor [k?'p?sit?] 电容器8 parallel 并行的 9 capacitance 电容量10 coefficients 系数11conduct 导体 12 charge n 电荷、v充电13 soldering 焊接、锡焊、低温焊接 14. first order system 一阶系统15. transient response 暂态响应 16. circuit 电路17. inductor 电感器18. inductance 电感，感应系数19.tune v.调谐20 vacuum ['v?kju?m真空，空间，真空吸尘器21.induce 感应22. magnetic field 磁场23.semiconductor 半导体24 silicon 硅25. relay 继电器26.electorn 电子27.infrared [,infr?'red 红外线的28. zener diode 稳压二极管，齐纳二极管29.rectifier diode 整流二极管30.alternating current 交流电流31.direct current 直流电流32.integrated circuit 集成电路33.voltage regulator 稳压器，电压调节器34.valence band 价（电子）带35 transistor 晶体管

通信与信息工程专业英语教程词汇翻译 陈杰美

analog 模拟 digital 数字的 binary-coded number 二进制编码数electromagnetic induction 电磁感应 telegraph 电报 triode vacuum tube 三级真空管 broadcasting 广播 amplitude modulation (AM)幅度调制 frequency modulation (FM)频率调制 phase modulation (PM) 相位调制 transistor 晶体管 linear integrated circuit 线性集成电路microwave 微波 satellite 卫星 optical fiber 光纤 shortwave 短波 negative-feedback amplifier 负反馈放大器 PCM（Pulse-Code Modulation）脉冲编码调制time-division multiplexing (TDM)时分多路 stereo FM 立体声调频 error-correction code 纠错编码 adaptive equalization 自适应均衡 random access memory (RAM)随机存取存储器VLSI(very large scale integration)超大规模集成FAX (facsimile) 传真 cellular telephone 蜂窝电话移动电话oscilloscope 示波器 spread spectrum system 扩频系统 ISDN(integrated services digital network)综合业务数字网 HDTV(high definition television)高清晰度电视transmitter 发射机 channel 信道频道通道 receiver 接收机 baseband 基带 bandwidth (BW)频带宽度带宽 ADC(analog-digital converter)模数变换器 carrier 载波载流子 bandpass signal 带通信号 signal sideband (SSB)单边带 phase-shift keying(PSK)相移键控 ITU(international telecommunications union)国际电信联盟 PTN(public telecommunications network)公用电信网络 LOS propagation 视线传播ionospheric reflection 电离层反射 high fidelity (Hi-Fi)高保真度 signal-to-noise 信噪比 interference 干扰 mapping 映射 dimension 维数量纲 frequency selectivity 频率选择性 photocathode 光电阴极 raster scanning 光栅扫描 blanking pulse 消隐脉冲 multiplexer 多路转换器 encoder 编码器 decoder 译码器 pixel 像素 vocal tract filter 声道滤波器 melodic structure 韵律结构 harmonic structure 谐波结构 interlaced fields 交替的场 horizontal retrace 水平行回程 primary colors 基色 interactive video 交互式视频 ASCII 美国标准信息交换码 DCT (discrete cosine transform)离散余弦变换JPEG (joint photographic experts group)联合图像专家组 MPEG(motion photographic experts group)) 活动图像专家组 synchronous transmission 同步传输asynchronous transmission 异步传输 frame 帧 frame-packing 成帧 modeling 建模 Fourier series(FS) 傅里叶级数 transmission medium 传输介质 coaxial cable 同轴电缆 instantaneous power 瞬时功率 decibel 分贝dB RF(radio frequency)射频 commutator 换向器转接器 ripple 波纹起伏 ionosphere 电离层 potential difference 电位差 shot noise 散弹噪声 flicker noise 闪变噪声 noise figure 噪声系数 mathematic model 数学模型