2008年职称英语理工类B级真题暨答案

2008年全国职称英语等级考试

——理工类(B级)试题

第1部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 She found me very dull.

A dirty

B sleepy

C lazy

D boring

2 The President made a brief visit to Beijing.

A short

B working

C formal

D secret

3 He was persuaded to give up the idea.

A mention

B accept

C consider

D drop

4 Jack consumes a pound of cheese a day.

A eats

B drinks

C buys

D produces

5 Mary just told us a very fascinating story.

A strange

B frightening

C difficult

D interesting

6 It's a gorgeous day anyway.

A lovely

B cold

C normal

D rainy

7 Her life is becoming more diverse.

A generous

B humorous

C varied

D romantic

8 Foreign military aid was prolonging the war.

A broadening

B worsening

C extending

D accelerating

9 She was unwilling to go but she had no choice.

A unable

B indecisive

C ready

D reluctant

10 She is slender, with delicate wrists and ankles.

A sick

B weak

C slim

D pale

11 With immense relief, I stopped running.

A some

B enormous

C little

D extensive

12 The scientists began to accumulate data.

A collect

B handle

C analyze

D investigate

13 Jack eventually overtook the last truck.

A hit

B passed

C reached

D led

14 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.

A possible

B profitable

C easy

D wise

15 The mason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.

A fact

B mystery

C statement

D game

第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没

有提及，请选择C。

The Need to Remember

Some people say they have no memory at all: "1 just can't remember a thing!" But of course we all have a memory. Our memory tells us who we are. Our memory helps us to make use in the present of what we have learnt in the past.

In fact we have different types of memory. For example, our visual memory helps us recall facts and places. Some people have such a strong visual memory, they can remember exactly what they have seen, for example, pages of a book, as a complete picture.

Our verbal (言语的) memory helps us remember words and figures we may have heard but not seen or written: items of a shopping list, a chemical formula, dates, or a recipe.

With our emotional (情感的) memory, 'we recall situations or places where we had strong feelings, perhaps of happiness or unhappiness. We also have special memories for smell, taste, touch and sound, and for performing physical movements.

We have two ways of storing any of these memories. Our short-term memory stores items for up to thirty seconds -- enough to remember a telephone number while we dial. Our long-term memory, on the other hand, .may store items for a lifetime. Older people in fact have a much better long-term memory than short-term. They may forget what they have done only a few hours ago, but have the clearest remembrance (记忆) of when they were very young.

Psychologists tell us that we only remember a few facts about our past, and that we invent the rest. It is as though we remember only the outline of a story. We then make up the details. We often do this in the way we want to remember them, usually so that we appear as the heroes of our own past -- or maybe victims needing sympathy (同情).

16 Visual memory helps us recall a place we have been to.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

17 Visual memory may be used when we read a story.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

18 Verbal memory helps us read words we have never heard.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

19 Emotional memory is used when we perform physical movements.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20 Animals do not have a long-term memory.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

21 Long-term memory is more important than short-term memory.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

22 Generally we remember only a few fasts about the past.

A Right

B Wrong

C Net mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

The Supercomputer Network

1 Recently, ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked. Their computers have been connected so they can "talk" to each other. This may not seem vary dramatic news, but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of the Internet tremendously.

2 The Internet is an interconnected (互联) system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network. This depends on the power that your system allows you to use. The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download (下载) files, how much data you can store, etc. If your computer is old and slow, accessing the information can be very difficult.

3 The new development in information technology has been called "the grid" (网络技术), and it will be a network of computers that are linked together. The "grid" will work in a different way from the Internet, enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer. Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer. The idea is that while you access information, you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.

4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant. The "grid" will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want. This means that you may be accessing a computer in Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.

5 The "grid" can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant. You can you’re your assistant a task and "he" will do it for you. The assistant will do the preliminary research, collect the data, compare them and decide on the best course of action by accessing any of the computer centers in the "grid" that happen to have the relevant information. All you have to do is assign the task, sit back and wait.

6 At present, possible applications of the "grid" in scientific research are being explored. While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet use to become widespread, experts believe that the "grid" could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly. Scientists working on "grid" projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years. 23 Paragraph 2

24 Paragraph 3

25 Paragraph 4

26 Paragraph 5 27 Traditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access 28 The "grid" will enable you to get on your computer the power of in the world. 29 The "grid" would de like , who can perform your tasks efficiently.

30

It is believed that the widespread use of the "grid" will become possible in the next .

第4部分：阅读理解(第31—45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Sunspots

It's not surprising that sunspots (太阳黑子) were observed by ancient astronomers (天文学家). The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope. It was not until the invention of the telescope (望远镜) in the early 17th century, however, that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken. The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots.

Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields (磁场) found on the sun's surface.

A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra. The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra, where the magnetic field spreads outward. Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation. They are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface.

Sunspots are frequently observed id pairs or in paired groups. The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot. They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates (旋转).

The number of sunspots at any one time varies. A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun. The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle. The largest number occurs about every 11 years. At sunspot minimum, there are at most just a few small spots.

The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation, which is about 25 days. The most persistent large spots, however, can survive for two to three months.

31 Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspots

A were made by ancient astronomers.

B started in the early 17th century.

C were made by Galileo only.

D could be made without a telescope.

32 Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface because

A they produce less energy.

B they are buried in the sun.

C they are far away from magnetic fields.

D they are close to magnetic fields.

33 The leading spot and the following spot are the names of

A two large sunspots.

B a large spot and a small spot.

C the two spots in a spot pair.

D the central core and the ring around it.

34 If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857, the next one would have been in

A 1858.

B 1862.

C 1865.

D 1868.

35 In the last paragraph the word "persistent" means

A important.

B effective.

C enduring,

D visible.

第二篇Where Have All the Bees Gone?

Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives (蜂巢) and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon

colony-collapse (群体瘫痪) disorder. It is reported that 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.

Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen (花粉) from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can't produce seeds or fruits.

Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what's causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. They hope to find out what's contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future.

It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory, examinee bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. "We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease," he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don't look very healthy. "Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees," Evans says. It may be that a parasite (寄生虫) is damaging the bees' digestive organs. Their immune (免疫的) systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.

Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide (杀虫剂) affects the honeybee's nervous system and memory. "It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do," he says.

If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees' genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not, in any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes s group has, the higher the group's genetic diversity. So far scientists haven't determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but it's a promising theory, says Evans.

36 What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?

A Honeybees are flying all across the country.

B Haft of the honeybees in the US have died.

C Honeybees am leaving their hives and do 13ot return.

D Honeybee hives are in disorder.

37 Researchers are seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder

because

A honeybees help produce one-third of the foods we eat.

B parasites on bees may spread everywhere.

C honeybees cannot find enough food elsewhere.

D honeybees feed on flowers.

38 Which of the following is a possible cause of the colony-collapse disorder?

A Population explosion.

B Decreasing number of flowers around.

C Genetically modified products.

D Diseases and chemicals.

39 Which of the following explanations is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon?

A Bee-keepers do not understand the honeybee's behavior.

B A certain type of chemical destroys the honeybee's nervous system.

C Honeybees are infected by unwanted insects.

D Some crops are poisonous to the honeybees.

40 The word "diversity' in the last paragraph means

A variety,

B makeup.

C disorder.

D distinction.

第三篇 A Tale of Scottish Rural Life

Lewis Grassic Gibbon's Sunset Song (1932) was voted "the best Scottish novel of all time" by Scotland's reading public in 2005. Once considered shocking for its frank description of aspects of the lives of Scotland's poor rural farmers, it has been adapted for stage, film, TV and radio in recent decades.

The novel is set on the fictional estate of Kinraddie, in the farming country of the Scottish northwest in the years up to and beyond World War I. At its heart is the story of Chris, who is both part of the community and a little outside it.

Grassic Gibbon gives us the most detailed and intimate account of the life of his heroine (女主人公). We watch her grow through a childhood dominated by her cruel but hard-working father; experience tragedy ( her mother's suicide and murder of her twin children); and learn about her feelings as she grows into a woman. We' see her marry, lose her husband, then marry again. Chris has seemed so convincing a figure to some female readers that they cannot believe that she is the creation of a man.

But it would be misleading to suggest that this book is just about Chris. it is truly a novel of a place and its people. Its opening section tells of Kinraddie's long history, in a language that imitates the place's changing patterns of speech and writing.

The story itself is amazingly full of characters and incidents. It is told from Chris' point of view but also from that of the gossiping community, a community where everybody knows everybody stse's business and nothing is ever forgotten.

Sunset Song has a social theme ton. It is concerned with what Grassic Gibbon perceives as the destruction of traditional Scottish rural life first by modernization and then by World War I. Gibbon tried hard to show how certain characters resist the war. Despite this, the war takes the young men away, a number of them to their deaths. In particular, it takes away Chris' husband, Ewan Tavendale. The war finally kills Ewan, but not in the way his widow is told. In fact, the Germans aren't responsible for his death, but his own side. He is shot because he is said to have run away from a battle.

If the novel is about the end of one way of life it also looks ahead. It is a "Sunset Song" but is concerned too with the new Kinraddie, indeed of the new European world. Grassic Gibbon went on to publish two other novels about the place that continue its story.

41 What is S unset Song mainly about?

A The First World War.

B The beauty of the sunset.

C The new European world.

D The lives of rural Scottish farmers.

42 Which statement is NOT true of Chris?

A She is the heroine of Sunset Song.

B She had a miserable childhood.

C She is the creation of a man.

D She married only once.

43 What is the opening section of the novel mainly concerned with?

A The climate of Kinraddie.

B The history of Kinraddie.

C The geography of Kinraddie.

D The language spoken in Kinraddie.

44 Who killed Chris' husband, Ewan?

A His own troops.

B The French army.

C The Germans.

D The Russian soldiers.

45 The word “Sunse t” in the title of this novel most probably means

A the end of the heroine's life.

B the end of the story.

C the end of the traditional way of life.

D the end of the day.

第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有8个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Rising Tuition in the US

Every Spring, US university administrators gather to discuss the next academic year's budget. They consider faculty salaries, utility costs for dormitories, new building needs and repairs to old ones. They run the numbers and conclude -- it seems, inevitably -- that, yet again, the cost of tuition must go up.

According to the US's College Board, the price of attending a four-year private university in the US rose 81 percent between 1993 and 2004. (46) In 2005 and 2006, the numbers continued to rise.

According to university officials, college cost increases are simply the result of balancing university checkbooks. "Tuition increases at Cedarville University are determined by our revenue needs for each year," said the university's president, Dr Bill Brown. "Student tuition pays for 78 percent of the university's operating costs." Brown's school is a private university that enrolls about 3,100 undergrads and is consistently recognized by annual college ranking guides like US News and World Report's and The Princeton Review's. (47)

Tuition at private universities is set by administration officials and then sent for approval to the school's beard of trustees (董事). (48) This board oversees (监管) all of a state's public institutions.

John Durham, assistant secretary to the board of trustees at East Carolina University (ECU), explains that state law says that public institutions must make their services available whenever possible to the people of the state for free. Durham said that North Carolina residents only pay 22 percent of the cost of their education. (49) State residents attending ECU pay about US $10 ,O00 for tuition, room and board before financial aid.

Amid the news about continued increases in college costs, however, there is some good news. Tuition increases have been accompanied by roughly equal increases in financial aid at almost every university. To receive financial aid, US students complete a formal application with the federal government. The federal government then decides whether an applicant is eligible (有资格的) for grants or loans. (50)

A The application is then sent to the student's university, where the school itself will decide

whether free money will be given to the student and how much.

B At public universities, however, tuition increases must also be approved by a state education

committee, sometimes called the board of governors.

C The school currently charges US $23,410 a year for tuition.

D Many American people are simply unable to pay the growing cost of food.

E That's more than double the rate of inflation.

F The state government covers the rest.

第6部分：完形填空(第51—65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Paper or Plastic?

Take a walk along the Chesapeake Bay, and you are likely to see plastic begs floating in the water. They have made their (51) into local waterways and, from there, into the bay, where they can (52) wildlife. Piles of them show up in landfills (垃圾填埋地) and on city streets. Plastic begs also take an environmental toll (代价) in the (53) of millions of barrels of oil expended every year to produce them.

Enter Annapolis and you will see plastic bags (54) tree in deportment stores and supermarkets. Alderman (市议员) Sam Shropshire has introduced a well-meaning (55) to ban retailers from distributing plastic shopping begs in Maryland's capital. Instead, retailers would be required to (56) bags made of recycled paper and to sell reusable begs. The city of Baltimore is (57) a similar measure. Opponents of the (58), however, argue that paper bags are harmful, too: They cost more to make, they (59) more resources to transport, and recycling them causes more pollution than recycling plastic. The argument for depriving Annapolis residents (60) their plastic begs is far from accepted. Everyone in this (61) is right about one thing: Disposable shopping bags of any type are wasteful, and the best outcome would be for customers to (62) bags instead. Annapolis's mayor is investigating how to hand Out free, reusable shopping bags to city residents, a proposal that can proceed (63) of whether other bags are banned. A lass-expensive alternative would be to encourage retailers to give (64) to customers who bring their own reusable bags. And this policy would be more (65) if stores imitated furniture mega-retailer (超大零售商) Ikea and charged for disposable bags at the checkout counter. A breed ban on the use of plastic shopping bags is not the answer.

51 A difference B point C progress D way

52 A harm B help C keep D protect

53 A light B form C time D place

54 A dropped B packed C put D distributed

55 A proposal B service C system D change

56 A open B fill C offer D hold

57 A getting B considering C replacing D improving

58 A idea B effect C technology D behavior

59 A limit B provide C destroy D consume

60 A from B with C of D in

61 A debate B organization C project D program

62 A reform B reuse C repair D reduce

63 A instead B because C regardless D careless

64 A examples B instructions C discounts D receipts

65 A impressive B effective C formal D typical

2008年全国职称英语等级考试——理工类(B级)参考答案

1. D

2.A

3. D

4. A

5. D

6.A

7. C

8. C

9. D 10. C

11.B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B

16.A 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C

21. C 22.A 23. D 24. A 25. E

26. C 27.D 28. A 29. E 30. C

31.B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. C

36. C 37. A 38. D 39. B 40. A

41. D 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C

46. E 47. C 48. B 49. F 50. A

51. D 52. A 53. B 54. D 55. A

56. C 57. B 58. A 59. D 60. C

61. A 62. B 63. C 64. C 65. B

其中：

1--30每题1分；

31--45每题3分；

46--50每题2分；

51--65每题1分。

试卷满分：100分。

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