自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷(1)答案

自考《英语词汇学》模拟试卷（1）答案



I.
1. common； obsolete.
2. semantic loan.
3. European； the Near East； India.
4. fundamental； free root； Latin； Greek.
5. attached； inflectional； derivational.
6. word - formation； affixation， compounding； conversion.
7. grammatically； semantically.
8. monosemic； polysemy.
9. essential.
10. absolute synonyms； relative synonyms
II.
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. F
6. T
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. T
III.
1. old - fashioned
2. completely
3. moisture
4. special
5. essential
6. similarity
7. innocent
8. rigid
9. loosen
10. deserted
IV.
1. The definition of a word comprises the following points： （1） a
minimal free form of a language； （2） a sound unity； （3） a unit of
meaning； （4） a form that can function alone in a sentence.
Therefore， a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a
given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
2. Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements
to modify meaning or function. Almost all affixes are bound
morphemes because few can be used as independent words. According to
the function of affixes， we can put them into two groups：
inflectional and derivational affixes. Affixes attached to the end
of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional，
thus known as inflectional morphemes. Derivational affixes are
affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational
affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes
come before the word and the suffixes after the word.
3. Concept， which is beyond language is the result of human
cognition， reflecting the objective world in the human mind， It is
universal to all men alike regardless of culture， restricted to
language use. Therefore， a concept can have as many referring
expressions as there are languages in the world.
4. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.
That is， the meaning of a more specific word is included in that of

another more general word. These words are known as hyponyms. For
instance， tulip and rose are hyponyms of flower， the general word
flower is the superordinate terms and the more specific ones tulip，
rose are the subordinate terms. Hyponymy can be described in terms
of tree - like graphs， with higher - order superordinates above the
lower subordinates. But their status either as superordinate or
subordinate is relative to other terms.
V.
1. tore apart
2. called for
3. built up
4. set off
5. sand in
6. lived through
7. counting on
8. put out
9. bought off
10. drying up
11. taken on
12. drawn up
13. broke into
14. setting down
15. bite into
16. holding on to
17. went about
18. brought up
19. let out
20. make out
VI.
1. When we talk about context， we usually think of linguistic
context， hardly aware of the non - linguistic situation， which can
often exercise greater influence on the meaning of words than we
realize. The extra - linguistic context may extend to embrace the
entire cultural background， which may also affect the meaning of
words. Take the term trade union for example. In western counties， a
trade union is an "organization of workers， in a particular trade or
profession， for，ed to represent their interests and deal as a group
with employers." Against this cultural background， trade unions have
strong political overtones. The organizations， which are established
purposefully in opposition to the management， are expected to stage
constant struggle against the management， are expected to say，
shorter working hours， better working conditions and higher pay. The
trade union leaders assume considerable power and have different
duties and responsibilities. In China， however， the term has quite a
different meaning. It is simply an organisation of masses under the
leadership of the Party in each working unit， chiefly concerning the
benefits of its members. There is no such thing as negotiation
between the unions and management for higher pay or shorter working
hours though unions are well in the position to make suggestions.
2. Back - formation is considered to be the opposite process of
s

uffixation. Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding
suffixes to bases， and back - formation is the method of creating
words by removing the supposed suffixes. Back - formation usually
involves the following types of words： abstract nouns； human nouns；
compound nouns and others； adjectives. Words created through back -
formation are mostly verbs. There are only a few that can be used as
nouns or as both nouns and verbs. Stylistically， back - formed words
are largely informal and some of them have not gained public
acceptance.