学术英语(医学)课后问题答案课件.doc

Unit1

1、Some factors that may lead to the complaint:

·Neuron overload

·Patients* high expectations

·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor

2、Mrs. Osorio ’s condition:

· A 56-year-old woman

·Somewhat overweight

·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension

·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it

·Not enough exercises she should take

·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan

3、Good things:

·Blood tests done

·Glucose a little better

·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things:

·Cholesterol not so great

·Her weight a little up

·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 4

4、The situation:

·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about

Mrs. Osorio ’sconditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down.

·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to herconditions.

·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innoceannt d —completely justified —request ”：the form signed by her doctor.

·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient while

completing documentation.

5、Similarities:

·In computer multitasking, a microprocessor actually performs only one task at a time. Like microprocessors, we human beings carft actually concentrate on two thoughts at the same exact time. Multitasking is just an illusion both in computers

and human beings.

Differences:

·The concept of multitasking originated in computer science.

·At best, human beings can juggle only a handful of thoughts in a multitasking manner, but computers can do much better.

·The more thoughts human beings juggle, the less human beings are able to attune fully to any given thought, but computers can do much better.

6、

·7 medical issues to consider

· 5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue

·7 x 5 = 35 thoughts

·10 patients that afternoon

·35 x 10 = 350 thoughts

· 5 residents under the authors supervision

· 4 patients seen by each resident

·10 thoughts, at least, generated from each patient

· 5 x 4 x 10 = anther 200 thoughts

·350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total

·If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves about 10 thoughts that might get lost in the process.

7、Possible solutions:

·Computer-generated reminders

·Case managers

·Ancillary services

·The simplest solution: time

Unit2

1、The author implies:

? Peoples inadequate consciousness about the consequence of neglecting the re - emerging infectious diseases

·Unjustifiability of peoples complacency about the prevention and control of the

infectious diseases

·Unfinished war against infectious diseases

2、Victory declarations:

·Surgeon General William Stewart's hyperbolic statement of closing “t he book on infectious disease ”.

· A string of impressive victories incurred by antibiotics and vaccines

·The thought that the war against infectious diseases was almost over

What followed ever since:

·Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola

·Comeback of the old afflictions:

? Diphtheria in the former Soviet Union

? TB in urban centers like New York City

? Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet fever

·The fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world

3、Elaborate on the joined battle:

·WHO established a new division devoted to worldwide surveillance and controlof emerging disease in October 1995.

·CDC launched a prevention strategy in 1994.

·Congress raised fund from $6.7 million in 1995 to $26 million in 1997.

4、The borders are meaningless to pathogenic microbes, which can travel from

one country to another remote country in a very short time.

5、TB:

·Prisons and homeless shelters as ideal places for TB spread

·Emerging of drug-resistant strain or even multi-drug-resistant strain

· A ride on the HIV w^on by attacking the immunocompromised

Group A strep:

· A change in virulence

·Mutation in the exterior of the bacterium

Flu:

Constant changes in its coat (surface antigens) and resultant changes in its level

of virulence

6、Examples:

·Experiment in England is seeing the waning immunity because of no vaccination. ·Du e to poor vaccination efforts, the diphtheria situation in the former Soviet Union is serious. '

? The vaccination rates are dropping in some American cities, and it will lead to more diphtheria and whooping cough.

7、The four areas of focus:

·The need for surveillance

·Updated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the field

·Appropriate prevention and control

·Strong public health infrastructure

8、The infectious diseases such as TB, flu, diphtheria and scarlet fever will never really go away, and the war against them will never end.

Unit3

1、Terry's life before

·She loved practicing Tae Kwon Do

·She loved the surge of adrenaline that came with the controlled combat of tournaments.

·She competed nationally, even won bronze medal in the trials for the Pan American Games.

·She attended medical school, practiced as an internal medicine resident, and became an academic general internist.

·She got married and got a son and a daughter.

2、The symptoms of MS and autoimmune disease:

·Loss of stamina and strength

·Problems with balance

·Bouts of horrific facial pain

·Dips in visual acuity

3、Terry did the following before she self-experimented:

·She started injections.

·She adopted many pharmacotherapies.

·She began her own study of literature:

? She read articles on websites such as PubMed.

? She searched for articles testing new MS drugs in animal models.

? She turned to articles concerning neurodegeneration of all types —dementia ，Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Lou Gehrig's disease.

? She relearned basic sciences such as cellular physiology, biochemistry, and neurophysiology.

4、Approaches Terry mainly used:

·Self-experimentationwith various nutrients to slow neurodegeneration based on

literature reports on animal models

·Self-experimentation with neuromuscular electrical stimulation which is not an approved treatment for MS

·Online search to identify the sources of micronutrients and having a new diet

·Reduction of food allergies and toxic load

5、Cases mentioned in the text:

·Increased mercury stores in the brains of people with dental fillings

·High levels of the herbicide atrazine in private wells in Iowa

·The strong association between pesticide exposure and neurodegeneration

·The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms involving metabolism of sulfur and/or B vitamins

·Inefficient clearing of toxins

6、With 70% to 90% of the risk for diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and

autoimmunity being due to environmental factors other than the genes, we can

take many health problems and the health care crisis under our control, for example, optimizing our nutrition and reducing our toxic load.

Unit4

1、Two concepts:

·Complementary medicine refers to the use of conventional therapies together with

alternative treatments such as using acupuncture in addition to usual care to help

lessen pain. Complementary and alternative medicine is shortened as CAM.

·Alternative medicine refers to healing treatments that are not part of conventional

therapies —like acupuncture, massage therapy, or herbal medicine. They are called so because people used to consider practices like these outside the mainstream.

2

·TCM does not require advanced, complicated, and in most cases, expensive

facilities.

·TCM employs needles, cups, coins, to mention but a few.

·Most procedures and operations of TCM are noninvasive.

·The substances used as medicine are raw herbs or abstracts from them, and

they are indeed all natural, from nature.

·TCM has been practiced as long as the Chinese history, so the efficiency i s proven and ensured.

·Ongoing research around the world on acupuncture, herbs, massage and Tai Chi have shed light on some of the theories and practices of TCM

3、It may be used as an adjunct treatment, an alternative, or part of a

comprehensive management program for a number of conditions: post-operative

and chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, post-operative dental pain, addiction, stroke rehabilitation, headache, menstrual cramps, tennis elbow, fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, osteoarthritis, low back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and asthma.

4、A well-justified NO:

·More intense research to uncover additional areas for the use of acupuncture

·Higher adoption of acupuncture as a common therapeutic modality not only in

treatment but also in prevention of disease and promotion of wellness

·Exploration and perfection of innovative methods of acupuncture point stimulation with technological advancement

·Improved understanding of neuroscience and other aspects of human physiology and function by basic research on acupuncture

·Greater interest by stakeholders

·An increasing number of physician acupuncturists

5、

·Appropriate uses of herbs depend on proper guidance:

? Proper TCM diagnosis of the zheng of the patient

? Correct selection of the corresponding therapeutic strategies and principles that guide the choice of herbs and herbal formulas

·Digression from either of the above guidence will lead to misuses of herbs, and

will result in complications in patient

6、

·Randomized controlled trials

Advantages:

? Elimination of the potential bias in the allocation of participants to the intervention group or control group

? Tendency to produce comparable groups

? Guaranteed validity of statistical tests of significance

Limitations:

? Difficulty in generalizing the results obtained from the selected sampling to the population as a whole

? A poor choice for research where temporal factors are an

issue

? Extremely heavy resources, requiring very largesamplegroups

? Quasi-experiments

Advantages:

? Control group comparisons possible

? Reduced threats to external validity as natural environments do not

suffer the same problems of artificiality as compared to a well-controlled

laboratory setting.

? Generalizations of the findings to be made about population since quasiexperiments are natural experiments

Limitations ：

? Potential for non-equivalent groups as quasi-experimental designs do

not use random sampling in constructing experimental and control

groups.

? Potential for low internal validity as a result of not using random samplingmethods to construct the experimental and control groups

? Cohort studies

Advantages:

? Clear indication of the temporal sequence between exposure and outcome

? Particular use for evaluating the effects of rare or unusual exposure

? Ability to examine multiple outcomes of a single risk factor

Limitations:

? Larger, longer, and more expensive

? Prone to certain types of bias

? Not practical for rare outcomes

? Case-control studies

Advantages:

? The only feasible method in the case of rare diseases and those with long

periods between exposure and outcome

? Time and cost effective with relatively fewer subjects as compared to other observational methods

Limitations ：

? Unable to provide the same level of evidence as randomized controlled trials

as it is observational in nature

? Difficult to establish the timeline of exposure to disease outcome

? N“= 1”trials

Advantages

? Easy to manage

? Inexpensive

Limitations ：

? Findings difficult to be generalized to the whole population

? Weakest evidence due to the number of the subject

7、

? Synthesis of evidence is completely dependent on:

? The completeness of the literature search (unavailable for foreign studies)

? The accuracy of evaluation

·There are situations in which no answer can be found for the questions of interest in RCTs and database analyses.

·There's the requirement of using less stringent information rather than “h ard data”

8、

·Assessment of the intrinsic value of traditional medicine in society

·Research and education

·Political, economic, and social factors

Unit5

1、

·Dis-ease refers to the imbalance arising from ：

? Continuous stress

? Pain

? Hardships

·Disease is a health crisis ascribable to various dis-eases.

·Prompting elimination of dis-eases can alleviate some diseases.

2、

·Wellness is a state involving every aspect of our being: body, mind and spirit.

·Manifestations of a healthy person:

? Energy and vitality

? A certain zip in gait

? A warm feeling of peace of heart seen through behavior

3、

·Constant messages, positive and negative ，are sent to our mind about the health of our body.

·Physical symptoms are suppressed by people who go through life on automatic pilot.

·Being well equals to being disease- or illness-free in the minds of them.

·They confused wellness with an absence of symptoms.

4、

·People's minds are infected by spin:

? Half-truth

? Fearful fictions

? Blatant deceit: some as a form of self-deceit

·Spin is a result of unconscious living.

·The kind of falseness is pandemic.

5

·Our body intelligence is suppressed or dormant from a lack of use.

·There are tremendous amount of stress on a daily basis.

·Our bodies are easily ignored for years because of a lack of recreation time.

·Limiting, self-defeating and even self-destructive behaviors undermine our wellbeing and keep them from achieving our full potential.

6

·We grow more reluctant to take risks.

·We lose the ability to feel and acknowledge our deepest feelings and the courage to speak our truth.

·We continue to deny and repress our feelings to protect ourselves.

·Fear, denial and disconnection from our bodies and feelings become an unconscious, self-protective habit, a kind of default response to life.

7

· A multi-faceted process:

? Looking for roots of and resolutions for the issues in different dimensions

? Building our wellness toolbox slowly

? Picturing our whole state of being

·Attention to the little stuff:

? Examining our lives honestly and setting clear intentions to change

? Striving to maintain a balance of our mind, body and spirit

? Taking small steps in the way to perceive and resolve conflict

8

·Try to awaken and evolve in order to live more consciously.

·Get in touch with our genuine feelings and emotions.

·Come to terms with the toxic emotions

Unit6

1、In the past, most people died at home. But now, more and more people are cared

in hospitals and nursing homes at their end of life, which of course brings a new

set of questions to consider.

2、

·Sixty-four years old with a history of congestive heart failure

·Deciding to do everything medically possible to extend his life

·Availability of around-the-clock medical services and a full range of treatmentchoices, tests, and other medical care

·Relaxed visiting hours, and personal items from home

3、Availability of around-the-clock medical resources, including doctors, nurses, and

facility.

4、

·Taking on a job which is big physically, emotionally, and financially

·Hiring a home nurse for additional help

·Arranging for services (such as visiting nurses) and special equipment (like a

hospital bed or bedside commode)

5、

·Health insurance

·Planning by a professional, such as a hospital discharge plaimer or a social worker

·Help from local governmental agencies

·Doctor's supervision at home

6、

·Traditionally, it is only about symptom care.

·Recently, it is a comprehensive approach to improving the quality of life for people who areliving with potentially fatal diseases.

7、

·Stopping treatment specifically aimed at curing an illness equals discontinuing all treatment.

·Choosing a hospice is a permanent decision.

Unit7

1、

· A dying patient

·Decision whether to withdraw life-support machines and medication and start

comfort measures

·The family's refusal to make any decision or withdraw any treatments

2、

·The doctor as exclusive decision-maker

·The patient as participant with little say in the final choice

3、

·Respect for the patient, especially the patient s autonomy

·Patient-centered care

·The patient as decision-maker based on the information provided by the doctor

4、

·Patients are forced to make decisions they never want to.

·Patients, at least a large majority of them, prefer their doctors to make final decisions.

·Shifting responsibility of decision-making to patients will bring about more stress to patients and their families, especially when the best option for the patient is uncertain.

5、Doctors are very much cautious about committing some kind of ethical

transgression.

6、

· Shouldering responsibility together with the patient may be better than having

the patient make decisions on their own.

· Balancing between paternalism and respect for patients autonomy constitutes a large part of medical practice.

Unit8

1、

· Research:

An activity to test hypothesis, to permit conclusions to be drawn, and thereby to

develop or contribute to generalizable knowledge

· Practice:

Interventions solely to enhance the well-being of an individual patient or client and that have a reasonable expectation of success

· Blurred distinction:

? Cooccurrence of research and practice like in research designed to evaluate a

therapy

? Notable departures from standard practice being called “experimental w”i th the terms “experimentla”a nd “research ” carelessly defined

2、

· Autonomy ：

Individuals treated as autonomous agents .

· Protection:

Persons with diminished autonomy entitled to protection

· A case in point:

Prisoners involved in research

3

·“Do no harm”as the primary principle

·Maximization of possible benefits and minimization of possible harms .

·Balance between benefits and potential risks involved in every step of seeding

the benefits

4、

·“Do no harm”as a fundamental principle of medical ethics

·Extension of it to the realm of research by Claude Bernard

·Benefits and risks as a set “duet”in both medical practice and research

5、

·Unreasonable denial of entitled benefit and unduly imposed burden ：Enrolment of patients in new drug trial: Who should be enrolled and who should not?

·Equal treatment of equals:

Determining factors of equality: age, sex, severity of the condition, financial status, social status

6、

·Definition:

The opportunity to choose what shall or shall not happen to them

·Application:

? A process rather than signing a written form

? Adequate information as the premise

? A well-informed decision as the expected result

7、

·Requirements for consent as entailed by the principle of respect for persons ·Risk/benefit assessment as entailed by the principle of beneficence ·More requirements of fairness as entailed by the principle of justice:

? At the individual level: fairness

? At the social level: distinction between classes

综合学术英语教程练习答案

Unit Two Task1Familiarizing Yourself with Classif ication 1.Skim the f ollowing passage f or the answ ers to the questions below. 1) Man-made or anthropogenic causes, and natural causes. 2) Pollution (burning fossil fuels, mining coal and oil, etc.), the production of CO( the increase of population, the demolition of trees, etc.) 3) COis a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. 4) Classif ication helps us to determine and understand the relationship of the parts of a subject which is studied by us. Classification is made on the basis of a clear definition. 5) In order to make a clear and logic classification, one needs to follow a principle of classification and go on with a system consistently. For example, the categories of classification should be mutually exclusive and no overlapping is allowed. Reading1Causes for Global Warming Task2Understanding Lectures through Classification Listening1 1.Listening to the lectur e and write down wha tev er y ou believ e is impor tant, especially the classif ica tions of key terms. Unconscious motivation, unconscious conflict, the id, the ego, the superego, etc. https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d78345958.html,e y our notes.Decide if the sta tements below ar e true(T)or false(F).Then justify y our answ ers,in the space pr ovided,b y giving evidence fr om the talk. 1) T 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F 7) T 8) F 3.Listen again,paying a ttention to the f ollowing classif ica tions and then complete the tables below. Idea One: The existence of an unconscious motivation Idea Two: The notion of unconscious dynamics or conflict 4.Listen again and piece y our notes together into a shor t summar y.Then r etell the lectur e to y our par tner.

研究生学术综合英语课文翻译unit1-4

第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?

(完整word版)学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.

医学英语考试试题

13级本科?英语应用基础?考试题 一、Translate the following words into Chinese 1.营养 2.蛋白质 3.淀粉 4.维生素 5.开处方 6.硝酸盐 7.青霉素 8.口渴 9.糖尿病 10.新陈代谢 11.呕吐 12.病毒 13.腹胀 14.肥胖 15.儿科 16.垂体 17.压力 18.关节炎 19.溃疡

20.瘤 二、Reading comprehension Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches. Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it. At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk

(完整版)学术英语综合课后答案季佩英.doc

Unit 1 Language building-up Task 1/Specialized vocabulary 1.饲料经销商；饲料批发商 2.为他自己的收益而工作 3.技能与劳动力 4.制造塑料 5.私人交易 6.包装并定价 7.无形之手 1.priced https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d78345958.html,bor 3.transactions 4.gain https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d78345958.html,bor; manufactured 6.invisible hand 7.distributor Task 2/Signpost language 1.Today, in millions of homes across the nation, God will be thanked for many gifts, for the feast on the table and the company of loved ones, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for peace privilege of having been born, or having become — American(Line 2, Para.1). 2. And yet, isn't there something wondrous,—something almost inexplicable in the way your Thanksgiving weekend is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of total strangers? (Line 1, Para. 4) 3. ...Thanksgiving Turkey, there would be one,—or more likely, a few dozen—waiting. (Line 3, Para.6) Task 3/Formal English 1. very many 3. a large group of 5. understand 2. buying or selling 4. more huge 6. troubled Unit 2 Language building Task 1: Part 1: 1)无形之手； 2）自由企业制度 3）股东 4）经济体制 5）开发产品和服务 6）市场力量；市场调节作用

医学专业英语试题

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学术综合英语unit1_5课后习题答案解析

Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.

医学英语大全(课件)

医学英语大全 1、抗生素医嘱[Ａnｔｉbiotiｃｏｒder] ·Pｒophｙlaxｉs [预防性用药] Duraｔion of oder[用药时间］ 2４hr Proceｄure[操作,手术] ·Ｅｍpiric thｅraｐhy [经验性治疗] Sｕspｅcted ｓitｅanｄorgaｎism[怀疑感染的部位和致病菌] ７２hr Ｃultｕｒes ｏrdeｒeｄ[是否做培养] ·Documented infection[明确感染] Ｓｉtｅ and organiｓｍ[部位和致病菌] 5dａｙs ·Ｏther[其他] Ｅxplanaｔion rｅquirｅd [解释理由] 24hr ·Ａntiｂiｏtic ａllｅrgies［何种抗生素过敏] Ｎo known aｌlergy [无已知的过敏] ·Drｕg+ｄｏse+Ｒｏute+fｒequency［药名＋剂量＋途径+次数] ２、医嘱首页[Admission / tｒaｎｓｆer] ·Admit ／ tranｓfer ｔｏ［收入或转入] ·Resｉdent [住院医师］ Attendｉｎｇ[主治医师］·Condｉtion [病情] ·Diａgnｏsiｓ[诊断]

·Dieｔ［饮食] ·Aciｔｉvity [活动] ·Viｔal ｓigns［测生命体征］ ·Ｉ／ O [记进出量] ·Aｌｌeｒgies[过敏] 3、住院病历［case hisｔory] ·Iｄｅnｔiｆicaｔion [病人一般情况] Nａmｅ［性名］ Sex[性别] Age [年龄］ Ｍarｒiａge［婚姻］ Persoｎｔo ｎotify ａnd phｏｎe No.[联系人及电话］Race[民族] I.D.Nｏ.［身份证] Admiｓsiｏn dａte[入院日期] Sｏｕrce ｏf hｉstory［病史提供者] Reｌiabilｉｔy of hisｔory[可靠程度] Meｄical recoｒd No[病历号] Busiｎess phone No．[工作单位电话] Hoｍe ａｄｄress ａnd phone No．［家庭住地及电话］·Chief ｃomplaｉnｔ[主诉] ·Ｈiｓｔory of ｐｒeｓenｔiｌlｎess[现病史]

学术英语综合课后答案季佩英

Unit 1 Lan guage build in g-up TaSk 1/SpeCiaIiZed VoCabUlary 1. 饲料经销商；饲料批发商 2. 为他自己的收益而工作 3. 技能与劳动力 4. 制造塑料 5. 私人交易 6. 包装并定价 7. 无形之手 1. PriCed 2. labor 3. tran SaCt ions 4. gai n 5. labor; manu factured 6. in ViSibIe hand 7. distributor TaSk 2/Sig npost Ia nguage 1. Today ,in milli OnS of homes across the n ati on, God will be tha nked for many gifts, for the feast On the table and the compa ny Of IoVed On es, for health and good fortune in the year gone by, for PeaCe PriViIege of havi ng bee n born, Or hav ing become —— AmeriCa n(Line 2, Para.1). 2. And yet, isn't there SOmeth ing won drous, —SOmethi ng almost in explicable in the Way your Than ksgivi ng Weeke nd is made POSSibIe by the skill and labor of VaSt nu mbers of total Stra ngers? (Li ne 1, Para. 4) 3. ...Tha nksgivi ng Turkey, there would be one, —or more likely, a few doze n —Wait ing. (Line 3, Para.6) TaSk 3/FormaI En glish 1. Very many 2. buying or selli ng 3. a large group of 4. more huge 5. Un dersta nd 6. troubled Unit 2 Lan guage build ing TaSk 1: Part 1: 1) 无形之手； 2) 自由企业制度 3) 股东 4) 经济体制

医学专业英语试题

医学专业英语 I.Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D (40points) 1.Which of the following suffixes does not mean “pertaining to”? A. -ic B. -al C. -ar D. -our 2.Which of the following combining forms means cell? A. -cyte B. cyt/o C. cel/o D. both a and b 3.Which of the following forms means tissue? A. erythr/o B. immun/o C.hist/o D. vascul/o 4.A- means _____ . A. up B. down C. apart D. without 5.The suffix -itis means _____ . A. infammation B.inflammation C.inflammazed D. instrument 6.The combining form of radi/o means _________ . A. radar B. x-ray C. radio D. both B and C 7.The instrument for viewing is –scope whereas the instrument for cutting is ______ . A. –scopy B. –tome C. –meter D. –graph 8.Which of the following forms refers to “surgical incision o f ?” A. –tomy B. -stomy C. –tome D. –ectomy 9. A record of electric wave occurring in the brain is called _______ . A. electroencephogram B. electromyogram C. electrocardiogram D. electroencephalogram 10.Stethalgia means the pain of chest, which can also be expressed in ____ . A. stethodynia B. thoracalgia C. thoracodynia D. all of the above 11.Which of the following forms means fungus? A. my/o B. myel/o C. myc/o D. none of the above 12.The combining form meaning “the skin” is _______ . A. dem/o B. derm/o C. dermat/o D. both B and C 13.Which of the following combining forms means blood vessels ? A. vascul/o B. angi/o C. chromat/o D. Both A and B 14.The term meaning “pertaining to secretion” is _______ . A. crinogenic B. endocrine C. crinologic D. endocardial 15.The disease of having too many white blood cells is referred to as ________ . A. leukocyte B. leukemia C. leukogenesis D. erythrocyte 16.Inflammation of liver is known in English as ________ . A. bronchitis B. pneumonitis C. gastritis D. hepatitis 17.-plasm means ______ . A. treatment B. knowledge C. diagnosis D. growth 18.Mammo/o refers to ______ . A. mother B. thymus gland C. thyroid gland D. breast 19.Which of the following does not mean “within or in”? A. en- B. endo- C. intra- D. none of the above 20._____ means surgical repair of an organ. A. phag/o B. –plasm C. –plasty D. –pathy

学术英语(医学)课后问题答案

Unit1 1、Some factors that may lead to the complaint: ·Neuron overload ·Patients* high expectations ·Mistrust and misunderstanding between the patient and the doctor 2、Mrs. Osorio’s condition: ·A 56-year-old woman ·Somewhat overweight ·Reasonably well-controlled diabetes and hypertension ·Cholesterol on the high side without any medications for it ·Not enough exercises she should take ·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 3、Good things: ·Blood tests done ·Glucose a little better ·Her blood pressure a little better but not so great Bad things: ·Cholesterol not so great ·Her weight a little up ·Her bones a little thin on her last DEXA scan 4 4、The situation: ·The author was in a moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about Mrs. Osorio’s conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down. ·Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions. ·Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “innocent —and completely justified —request”：the form signed by her doctor. ·The doctor tried to or at least pretended to pay attention to the patient while completing documentation.

学术综合英语课后答案解析

Unit 1 C 1. The younger generation should COntinue to SuStain and develop Our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the COUrSe of PreParing one' S speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective USe of StatiStiCS and examples to bolster one ' S point of view. 3. An impromptu SPeeCh is one of the SPeaking skills that college StUdentS should learn and develop through practice. 4. By USing SimiIe and metaphor, you Can make your IangUage more ViVid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The PrOPer examples you Cite might help reinforce the impression on your IiStenerS and makeyour VieWPOintS more convincing. 6. When you are SPeaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the Same time avoid CIUtter in your speech. 7. When you Write a paper, Citing the VieWS from SOme experts is a good Way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a SPeeCh will improve its quality and will help COnVey the SPeaker ' S ideas

学术英语课后答案__unit2

Unit 2 Searching for Information 9 Enhancing your academic language Reading: Text 5 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 e 2 h 3 a 4 g 5 c 6 b 7 j 8 f 9 d 10 i 2 Complete the following expressions or sentences by using the target words listed below with the help of the Chinese in brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1 automation 2 occupational 3 immigrant 4 uplift 5 displacement 6 hand-crafted 7 ranched 8 nutritious 9 involved 10 assembly 11 yield 12 incredible 13 optimism 14 mob 15 professional 16 labeled 17 analyst 18 surplus 19 harbor 20 columnist 21 virtual 22 revolutionary 23 lace 24 undercut 25 barter 26 litigable 27 specter 28 sift 29 pot 3 Read the sentences in the box. Pay attention to the parts in bold. Now complete the paragraph by translating the Chinese in brackets. You may refer to the expressions and the sentences patterns listed above. increasingly important role （越来越重要的作用） tasks humans prefer not to do, or are unable to do（那些人类不愿做或不能做的事） and the like（以及诸如此类的事） settle man’s anxieties（解决人类的担忧） Some questions are raised（问题提了出来） 4 Translate the following sentences from Text 5 into Chinese. 1 最近在《纽约时报》上刊登的一篇文章谈到了一种新计算机软件，该软件瞬间就能筛选数以千计的法律文件并寻找到那些可诉讼的条款，为律师们节省了花费在阅读文件上的数百小时。 2 他们主要靠耕种来养活自己，多种的部分用以物品交易或卖出。 3 从事农业和畜牧业者的绝对数量大约在1910年达到顶峰（约有1100-1200万）,在此之后人数便急剧下降。 4 这个故事总结了美国几个世纪以来的工作经历，从失业工人的层面上讲是悲剧，但从全国劳动力的层面上讲是件好事。 5 人工智能是一种新的自动化技术吗？是一种削弱了曾经是20 世纪末就业标志的脑力工作的技术吗？是一种只会消除更好的工作机会的技术吗？ Reading: Text 6 1 Match the words with their definitions. 1 d 2 f 3 i 4 b 5 h 6 c 7 a 8 e 9 j 10 g

学术英语课后答案unit1

学术英语理工 教师手册

Unit 1 Choosing a Topic I Teaching Objectives In this unit , you will learn how to: a particular topic for your research a research question a working title for your research essay your language skills related with reading and listening materials presented in this unit II. Teaching Procedures on a topic Task 1 Answers may vary. Task 2 1 No, because they all seem like a subject rather than a topic, a subject which cannot be addressed even by a whole book, let alone by a1500-wordessay. 2Each of them can be broken down into various and more specific aspects. For example, cancer can be classified into breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer and so on. Breast cancer can have such specific topics for research as causes for breast cancer, effects of breast cancer and prevention or diagnosis of breast cancer. 3 Actually the topics of each field are endless. Take breast cancer for example, we can have the topics like: Why Women Suffer from Breast Cancer More Than Men? A New Way to Find Breast Tumors Some Risks of Getting Breast Cancer in Daily Life Breast Cancer and Its Direct Biological Impact Breast Cancer—the Symptoms & Diagnosis Breastfeeding and Breast Cancer