句子成分及结构
句子成分及结构
一：句子成分由词或词组充当, 英语的基本成分有七种
主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、宾语（object）、表语（predicative）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)，补语（complement）。
（1）. 主语S
主语(Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词
2.We often speak English in class. 代词
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词
4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式
5.Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词
6.The rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词
7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句
8.It is necessary to master a foreign language。it 为形式主语，不定式为真正的主语
（2）. 谓语（V）
谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语：
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
（3）表语（P）
表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：
1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
2.Is it yours?（代词）
3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
4.The speech is exciting.（分词）
5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）
7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）
9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。
1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, stand, 例如：He always keep silent at meeting.
3）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
4）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that.
除此之外，还有prove, turn out, appear, seem等。The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a success。
（4）宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
1.They visited an exhibition yesterday.名词
2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 代词，动名词
3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 名词，数词
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 名词化形容词，名词
5.He pretended not to see me. 不定式
6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词
7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 宾语从句
宾语种类：
1）双宾语（间接宾语O+直接宾语O）
Lend me your dictionary, please.
He gave me a book yesterday.
2）复合宾语（宾语O+宾补C）
1. They elected him their monitor. 名词
2.They painted their boat white. 形容词
3.Let the fresh air in. 介词
4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 不定式
5.We saw her entering the room. 动名词
6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 介词短语
7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 从句
以上几种是句子的必要成分，不可缺少，否则句子意义就不完整。句子除了必要成分外，还可以有定语，状语，同位语和插入语。
（5）定语
修饰，限制，描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。
1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）
4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (定语从句)
（6）状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制，状语一般由副词充当，也可由名词，介词短语，非谓语动词，从句等充当。
1.Light travels most quickly. 副词及副词性短语
2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 介词短语
3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. 不定式
4.He is in the room making a model plane. 分词短语
5.Wait a minute. 名词
6.Once you begin, you must continue. 状语从句
9种状语种类如下：
1. How about meeting again at six? 时间
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d711804282.html,st night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. 原因
3.I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 条件
4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点
5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式
5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随
6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的
7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果
8.She works very hard though she is old. 让步
9.I am taller than he is. 比较
（7）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：
This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. We students should study hard. We all are students.
（8）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe---)等，如：To be frank, I don’t quite agree with you.
二：英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
1：ＳＶ（主＋谓）2：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）
3：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）4：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
5：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型一：Ｓ│ Ｖ（不及物动词）
1. The sun │ rose.
2. What he said │does not matter.
3. They │talked for half an hour.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词
都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，
后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ（表语）
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner │smells │good.
3. He │is growing │tall and strong.
基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ（宾语）
1. Who │knows │the answer?
2. He │has refused │to help them.
3. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
基本句型四：ＳＶO Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ O（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物）
1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress.
2. I │showed │him │my pictures.
3. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语）│ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │painted │the door │green.
4. He │asked │me │to come back so on.
5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
三：Practice makes perfect.
(一) 选择句子结构
a，ＳＶb，ＳＶＰc，ＳＶＯd，ＳＶｏＯe，ＳＶＯＣ
1. Please tell us a story._______
2. She smiled.______
3. I have a lot work to do._____
4. His job is to train swimmers._____
5. He noticed a man enter the room._____ （二）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. Tom came to ask me for advice.
2. He found it important to master English.
3. Do you have anything else to say?
4. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
5. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
6. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
7. He noticed a man enter the room.
8. The apples tasted sweet.
（三）翻译下列句子
1.在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
2.他们成功地完成了计划。
3.冬季白天短，夜晚长。
4. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
5. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语 .
7.我们不会让她在晚上外出的。
1.错把形容词当名词
例爱美之心人皆有之。
误 Everybody likes beautiful. 正 Everybody likes _________________
2.错把动词当名词
例随着科技的发展，我们生活越来越好。
误 With the develop of science and technology, we live better and better
正 With the ________________ of science and technology, we live better and better 3．错把形容词当动词
例别害怕。你妈妈就在你旁边。
误Don’t afraid. You mother is beside you.
正Don’t ______________-You mother is beside you.
4．错把介词当连词
例随着时间的推移，我们学得越来越多。
误 With time goes on ,we have learned more and more.
正 __________time goes on ,we have learned more and more.
5．错把数词当名词
例操场上大约有700个学生。
误 There are about seven hundreds students on the sports ground.
正 There are about seven __________________ students on the sports ground. 6．错把副词当连词
例这女孩经常帮帮我，即使她很忙。
误 The girl often helps me, even she is very busy
正 The girl often helps me, ____________________she is very busy
7．错把形容词/介词当动词
例张老师今天很忙，他不在办公室。
误 Mr zhang very busy today .He not in the office.
正 Mr zhang____________ very busy today .He is not in the office.
8．错把不可数名词当可数
例不要在这种坏天气植树。
误Don’t plant a tree in such a bad weather.
正Don’t plant a tree in such ________________________
9．错把及物动词当不及物动词
例妈妈进来时，我坐在电视机前。
误 When mother came in ,I seated in front of the TV set.
正 When mother came in ,I __________________________ in front of the TV set. 10．错把系动词当助词
例上课了，为什么不站起来？
误 Class is begin. Why not stand up?
正 Class ___________________Why not stand up?
句子成分与结构
句子成分与结构 一、主语 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 二、谓语 1、简单谓语 He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语 （1）You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）We are students. 三、表语 1.His job is to teach English. 2.His hobby is playing football. 3. The speech is exciting. 4. The truth is that he has never been abroad. 四、宾语 1.He is doing his homework. 2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5.He pretended not to see me. 6.I enjoy listening to popular music. 7.I think（that）he is fit for his office. 五、宾补 1.His father named him Xiaoming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. 六、定语 1.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语句子成分及结构
英语句子成分及结构 （一）句子成分 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语： 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语： 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词VL之后。系动词大致可分为三类：1.be动词类 2.感官类feel / taste / smell / sound/seem / look /appear… 3.变化类become /get / grow / turn/come/go… 4．状态保持类stay/ remain(保持，仍然是)/ keep /prove etc. 表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
句子成分及句子结构
基本句型： 所谓基本句型就是句子结构的基本“格局”，也就是千变万化的句子结构的雏形。正是这种有限的分句结构雏形及其转化形式，能够衍生出无限的实际使用中的句子。现代英语的基本句型有五种：1．主—动—补(SVC)结构：在SVC结构中，谓语动词通常是连系动词(linking verb)be的各种形式。 S: subject 主语V: verb 谓语动词C: complement 补语 例句： That car is mine. She is in good health. My brother has become an engineer(工程师). These flowers smell (are) fragrant(芳香的). All the tourists (游客) seemed pleased. 2. 主—动(SV)结构：在SV结构中，谓语动词通常是不及物动词(intransitive verb)。 例句： Iron rusts (生锈).You suck! Everything sucks! Everybody laughed. The guests have arrived. Prices (价格) are going down. The children are sleeping.
3. 主—动—宾(SVO)结构 O: object 宾语 在SVO结构中，谓语动词通常是及物动词(transitive verb)，随后必须跟宾语，带一个宾语的及物动词又叫做“单宾语及物动词”。 例句： I want a return ticket (返程票). Liverpool(利物浦队) 【S】won 【V】the game【O】. Nobody could answer the question. The train is building up speed (加速). The plane (飞机) is losing altitude (降低高度). 4．主—动—宾—宾(SVoO)结构deny sb sth. 在SVoO结构中，及物动词之后必须跟两个宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语），这种动词又叫做“双宾语及物动词”。 o: 间接宾语（一般指人）O：直接宾语（一般指物）例句： I gave you a book. (I gave a book to you) I sent him a telegram (电报). (I sent a telegram to him) Mary lent (出借) me her car. (Mary lent her car to me) David showed (展示，出示，指出) me the way. (David showed the way to/for me.) Someone left you this note (字条，便条). (Someone left this note to you.) I made myself a cup of tea. (I made a cup of tea for myself)
句子成分和句子结构讲解有答案精品
【关键字】英语、情况、条件、会议、计划、主动、继续、健康、持续、保持、需要、方式、作用、结构、分析、衔接、引导、关心、主动性 句子成分 一．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 1.请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么（词，短语或句子）可以充当主语。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 常见错误分析 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的动作。 改错：1.play computer games does no good to us. 2.Have a walk in the street is her hobby. 3.Go home at once is his decision 4.Make more friends will do good to us. 5.I’m like computer very much. 6.The story was happening the year before last. 二．宾语： 1．动作的承受者-----动宾 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出什么可以充当宾语。 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2．介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake/me/fighting? 3．双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. 常见错误分析 1：介词后跟宾语时，必须为：名词、代词、ing 或wh型的连接词引导的从句。 改错：①I am fond of play basketball. ②He’s cra zy about read story books. ③I am sorry for late. ④I felt terribly sad for absent from class. 2：动词及其短语在作句子的主语或宾语时，只能使用其to do 或doing 的形式。其中不定式强调具体的某一次的动作，-ing 强调经常发生的
句子结构及成分
基础知识 目录 1.词性的英文缩写 2.及物动词和不及物动词 3. 实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 4. 句子成分 5. 简单句的五种基本结构 6. 谓语和非谓语 7. 主动关系和被动关系 8. 逻辑上的主谓关系 9. 复合结构 10.简单句、并列句和复合句 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中掌握单词词性非常重要。如果记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 (1)实义动词后跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，open是vi)
He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, open是vt) 注：动词是及物还是不，关键看它在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 (2)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi，词义相同。 The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> (3)有些动词既可作vt又可作vi，但词义不同。 The man walked away. (walk vi，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk vt，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash vt，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash vi，“耐洗”) (4)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。 He listens to the music every day. (listen为vi，汉语中“听”是vt。) 3.实义动词、助动词、情态动词和连系动词 (1)实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。指意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） (2)助动词常见助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。是帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强 调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 A.帮助构成时态 The boy is crying.(is帮助构成现在进行时，和crying一起作谓语，是助动词。) He has arrived. (has帮助构成现在完成时，和arrived一起作谓语，是助动词。) I have been painting all day.（have been帮助构成现在完成进行时，和painting一起作谓语，都是助动词。）B.帮助构成否定句和疑问句 Does he like English? (does帮助构成一般疑问句，没有具体意义，是助动词。) He does n’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句，没有具体意义，是助动词。) C.帮助构成被动语态 Trees are planted in spring. (are帮助构成被动语态，没有具体意义，是助动词。) The house has been pulled down. (has been帮助构成时态和语态，是助动词。) D.帮助构成虚拟语气 If he had come yesterday, I wouldn’t have made such a mistake.(had, have帮助构成虚拟语气，是助动词， 属于谓语的一部分) E.帮助构成倒装句
英语句子成分、句子结构讲解及练习
主语（subject ）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（predicate ）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 表语（predicative ）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don ’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I ’m poor, I can ’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound （听起来）, look （看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell （闻起来）, taste （尝、吃起来）, remain （保持，仍是）, feel （感觉） ... It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 宾语： 1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn ’t come here. （名） We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don ’t let him do that. （省to 不定式） His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to 不定式） Don ’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I ’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词） 主补：对主语的补充。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now.过分 I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do.（定语从句）
(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （） To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构
句子结构及成分 1.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. He opened the door. The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （） 考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 2.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如： He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。) I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。） 助动词 助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。 帮助构成时态的： The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?
句子成分及结构
日骋教育教辅讲义 学生姓名：就读学校：教材版本：总课次： 任课教师：敖财芹补习科目：课程分班：上课时间： 课题： 句子成分 一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher.(名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it.(代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep.(形容词) The picture is on the wall.(介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)
不定式) The question is whether they will come.(表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉) …. It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 三、宾语： 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China.(名词) He hates you.(代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said?(宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake?
句子成分句子结构
高中英语语法专项复习学案 句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、英语句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主语和谓语；表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: 一be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)手（touch）身(feel) 四表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 四、宾语： 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词)
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 主语＋不及物动词She came．. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. 主语＋系动词＋主语补语 She is happy． 主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 She gave John a book． She bought a book for me. 主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 She makes her mother angry． The teacher asked me to read the passage. （There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 名／代－－动词－－名／代 we-- saw --you. we-- did --the work. 主系表 名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 you are beautiful you seems worried. you are a stufent. 相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
句子成分及结构
句子成分及句子结构 句子成分(members of a sentence) 句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语（subject）：主要由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化得形容词和主语从句等充当。 1）During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2）We often speak English in class. 3）One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4）To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5）Smoking does harm to the health. 6）The rich should help the poor. 7）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8）It is necessary to master a foreign language. 谓语（predicate verb）： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practice running every morning. 复合谓语：1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 2)由系动词加表语构成。We are students. 表语（predicative）：用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词和表语从句充当。 1）Our teacher of English is an American. 2) Is it yours? 3)The weather has turned cold. 4)The speech is exciting. 5) Three times seven is twenty one. 6)His job is to teach English. 7) His hobby is playing football. 8)The machine must be out of order. 9) Time is up. The class is over. 10) The truth is that he has never been abroad. 宾语（object）：宾语表示动作的对象或者承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1）They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2）The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. 3）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 4）They pretended not to see me. 5）They helped the old with their housework yesterday. 6）I enjoy listening to popular music. 7）I think (that) he is fit for his office. 宾语类型：1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lend me your dictionary, please. 2)复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）They elected him their monitor. 宾语补足语（complement）：有些及物动词，除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（make, find, leave,deng）+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 1）His father named him Dongming.2)They painted their boat white. 3)Let the fresh air in. 4) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.