高考英语阅读理解(时文广告)解题技巧及练习题

高考英语阅读理解(时文广告)解题技巧及练习题

一、高中英语阅读理解时文广告类

1．阅读理解

A.A whole holiday.

B.At least six weeks.

C.A whole term.

D.At least one day.

（2）What do we know about tuition fees?

A.They must be fully paid.

B.They stay the same every year.

C.They vary with the number of days attended.

D.They can't be paid with the refundable deposit.

（3）In which section of a school's brochure might the text appear?

A.Study Tips.

B.Application Procedures.

C.Terms and Conditions.

D.Frequently Asked Questions.

【答案】（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了一所学校的入学及学校政策、退学、押金和学费等细则条款。

（1）考查细节理解。根据2. Withdrawal by Parent/Guardian部分中的“If a parent/guardian desires to withdraw a child for any reason from the school, that parent/ guardian shall give a minimum of six weeks written withdrawal notice to the School. ”如家长/监护人因任何原因欲将子女退学，须最少提前六星期向学校发出书面退学通知，可知退学通知书应至少提前六周发出。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据4. Fees部分中的“A full term's tuition must be paid for any term during which the pupil is in attendance regardless of the number of days attended. ”无论学生上课的天数多少，在任何学期，都必须支付一个学期的学费，可知学费必须全额支付。故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了一所学校的入学及学校政策、退学、押金和学费等细则条款。可知文章最有可能出现在学校宣传册的条款及细则部分。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Smart Kids Festival Events

Smart Kids is a collection of one hundred events scheduled in October. This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford, after you have attended an event. You can pre-book events without paying for a ticket in advance. Here are some of the director's picks.

Walk on the Wild Side

Not ticketed, Free

Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals. Along the way you'll meet all sorts of beautiful creatures and discover life cycles and food chains. Best suited to children aged 5-9. Children under 8 must be accompanied by an adult.

Introduction to Waves

Pre-book, PWYD

Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean. Mike Goldsmith explores the fundamental features shared by all waves in the natural world.

Science in the Field

Not ticketed, Free

This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand

data on various field trips. Come along for inspiring and informative stories straight from the scientist's mouth. Join Mark Samuels to find out more in this fun-filled workshop.

Festival Dinner

Pre-book, ￡25 per person

Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first science festival in London. Which foods should you eat to trick your brain into thinking that you are full? Find out more from Tom Crawford.

（1）In which event can you decide the payment?

A. Walk on the Wild Side

B. Introduction to Waves

C. Science in the Field

D. Festival Dinner

（2）Who will talk about experiences of collecting direct data?

A.Sarah Law.

B.Mike Goldsmith.

C.Mark Samuels.

D.Tom Crawford.

（3）What do the four events have in common?

A.Family-based.

B.Science-themed.

C.Picked by children.

D.Filled with adventures.

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Smart Kids收集的在十月份举行的四项以科学会主题的活动，以及各个活动的内容和特色。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“This year, it is experimenting with Pay What You Decide (PWYD). That is, you can decide to pay what you want to or can afford”可知PWYD中你可以决定付款，而四项活动中只有Introduction to Waves有PWYD，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据Science in the Field 部分中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”可知Mark Samuels会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Join storyteller Sarah Law to hear science stories about animals.”和讲故事的萨拉·劳一起来听关于动物的科学故事；第三段中的“Subjects range from sound waves to gravity waves, and from waves of light to crashing waves on the ocean.”实验对象范围从声波到重力波，从光波到撞击海洋的波浪；第四段中的“This storytelling night features a scientist sharing his favourite memories of gathering first-hand data on various field trips.”这位科学家会分享他最喜欢的收集各种实地考察第一手数据的记忆；以及最后一段中的“ Whether you want to explore more about food, or just fancy a talk over a meal, join us to mark the first scien ce festival in London.”无论你是想探索更多关于食物的知识，还是只是想边吃边聊，加入我们来纪念伦敦首届科学节吧。可知这四项活动的共同点都是以科学为主

题的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Dreaming of summer picnics filled with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.

Cumberland Islands, Georgia

Just a few hours south of Savannah, this national seashore is a wonderful picnic place. It's an unspoiled place in the Deep South with over 50 miles of hiking trails (小径). Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it's still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic opportunity.

Grant Park, Chicago

If you are looking for delicious food in Chicago, go for a taste of a 20-day, lake-front, foodie festival that happens in October each year. Grab a spot near the fountain to enjoy your picnic, appreciate the city scenery and lake views and relax with family and friends. If you are there on July 4th, be sure to plan the day to include the fireworks display at the Navy Pier.

Cranberry Islands, Maine

Here, you'll enjoy natural picnics with island views. The islands are a delightful group of islands about 20 minutes offshore from Acadia National Park. You can visit the islands by private boat or ferry service. Bring a picnic basket along for the ride as it's a romantic picnic area to take your special someone or go for a family outing to visit the islands.

Big Sur, California

The Point Lobos State Reserve is a small gem. Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It's good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.

（1）Why does the writer advise us to go to Cumberland Islands?

A. Because they are just next to Savannah.

B. Because they have a grand show every night.

C. Because they are almost covered in Spanish moss.

D. Because they keep their original ecology (生态).

（2）Where can you enjoy observing wildlife with a telescope?

A. At the Navy Pier.

B. At the Point Lobos State Reserve.

C. At Acadia National Park.

D. In the Deep South.

（3）Where can we most probably read this passage?

A. In a personal dairy.

B. In a science report.

C. In a geography textbook.

D. In a travel magazine.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个最佳野餐地点。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Covered in Spanish moss, the trails are lined with trees and since it's still a rural area, the stars line up for a grand show at night and create the perfect evening starlit picnic op portunity.”小路上爬满了西班牙苔藓，两旁种满了树。由于这里仍然是一个乡村地区，所以星星们会在晚上排起队来参加盛大的表演，这是在夜晚星光照耀下野餐的绝佳机会。可知作者建议我们去坎伯兰群岛，因为那里保持着原生态。故选D。（2）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Besides the coastal wildlife there are rare plant communities, and unique geological formations. It's good to have a picnic there. We recommend bringing a telescope, because much of the wildlife can be seen only at a distance.”除沿海野生动物外，还有珍稀植物群落和独特的地质构造。在那里野餐很好。我们建议带上望远镜，因为很多野生动物只能在远处看到。可知在the Point Lobos国家保护区可以享受用望远镜观察野生动物的乐趣。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段“Dreaming of summer picnics f illed with family and fun? We've come up with 4 of the top picnic areas across the US.”梦想着充满家庭和乐趣的夏日野餐?我们列出了全美4个最佳野餐地。以及文章主要介绍了四个最佳野餐地点可知最可能在一本旅游杂志上读到这篇文章。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

Most people agree that eating healthy food is important. But sometimes making good food choices can be difficult. Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience.

Open Table app

Open Table app helps people choose restaurants when they want to go out to eat. It is a free service that shows users restaurant available based on where and when they want to dine. It gives users points when they make reservations(预定), which can add up to discounts on restaurant visits.

Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app

Wine and cheese can be a great combination. But which wines go best with which cheeses? Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app can help. It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and suggests wines to pair with each. Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free.

HappyCow app

Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups. Users can search for vegetarian-vegan restaurants and stores around the world.

LocalEats app

Restaurant chains, like McDonalds, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel. But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals. The LocalEats app is designed for that. It can help you find local restaurants in major cities in the US and in other countries. It costs about a dollar.

Where Chefs Eat app

"Where Chefs Eat" is a 975-pagc book. Most people would not want to carry that around. But there is a much lighter app version of the same name for just $15. Six hundred chefs provide information on 3,000 restaurants around the world on the Where Chefs Eat app.

（1）What do the first two apps have in common?

A. They are both free of charge.

B. Discounts are provided on both.

C. Best wines can be reserved on both.

D. They tell you where to have the best food.（2）Who is HappyCow app probably designed for?

A. Friends drinking wines together.

B. Chefs enjoying meat very much.

C. People who want to go on a diet.

D. Those often eating in a restaurant.

（3）Where can we most likely see the text?

A. On a tourism guide.

B. In a cellphone application introduction.

C. In a students' textbook.

D. On a scientific discovery TV program.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五个帮助他们了解健康饮食的应用软件。（1）考查细节理解。根据Open Table app部分中的”It is a free service that shows users res taurant available based on where and when they want to dine.“这是一项免费服务，根据用户想要用餐的地点和时间向用户显示餐厅；以及Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app 部分中的”Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing app is free.“Max McCalman's Cheese&Wine Pairing应用程序是免费的。可知前两个应用程序的共同点是他们都是免费的。故选A。（2）考查推理判断。根据HappyCow app部分中的”Vegetarians do not eat animal meat. Vegans do not eat any animal products. The HappyCow app is made for both groups.“素食者不吃肉。严格素食者不吃任何动物产品。而快乐奶牛应用软件就是为这两个群体制作的。，可知HappyCow软件是为想要节食的人设计的。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Now, there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their health and their dining out experience."现在，有一些应用程序可以帮助人们了解他们吃的食物，从而改善他们的健康和外出就餐的体验。以及文章主要介绍了五个应用软件，故最有可能在手机应用介绍看到本文。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

The spine (脊柱) stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.

Staying in a good position is one of the most important things to keep your spine healthy. A proper position means standing or sitting while keeping your spins straight, except for its natural bending. Positions play a vital part even when you're asleep. Stomach sleeping is far from a good

idea. Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine. Sleeping on your back has lots of benefits yet can cause lower back pain and put some pressure on your spine.

Staying still for too long — even if your position is good — can be hard on your back. Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch (伸展) periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles. However, don't overdo the exercise, as repeated movements can hurt the muscles around the spine, as trying to lift heavy weights with poor technique.

Vitamins also affect the health of your spine. In particular, vitamin B and omega-3 fatty acids help keep nerves healthy. Another important part is vitamin D, which is required for strong bones. Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside. At last, many of the actions necessary to keep a spine healthy are similar to those used to protect your health in other ways. So protect your back, and the rest of the body will benefit.

（1）Which sleeping position is best for our spine according to the passage?

A. B. C. D.

（2）What is suggested in paragraph 3?

A. Strengthening muscles around the spine.

B. Repeating a certain movement more.

C. Doing a proper amount of exercise.

D. Staying still in a good position.

（3）What can we infer about vitamins?

A. Vitamin B reacts with omega-3 fatty acids.

B. Abundant vitamin D guarantees strong bones.

C. Vitamin D can't be absorbed without sunlight.

D. Doing push-ups outside increases vitamin D intake.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Stay still, stay healthy

B. Good position, good spine

C. Healthy means, healthy spine

D. Proper exercise, proper weight

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。作者介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Many people prefer sleeping on their side, which is in the interests of their spine.”许多人喜欢侧睡，这对他们的脊椎有好处。可知选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Especially if you work at a task most of the day, it's important to get up and stretch periodically. Strength exercises with light weights like push-ups can also help by strengthening the muscles.”特别是如果你一天中大部分时间都在做一项工作，那么定期起来活动活动就很重要了。像俯卧撑这样的轻重量力量练习也可以帮助加强肌肉。可知第三段建议要定期做适量运动有益于脊椎。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的”Vitamin D can come from some foods, but it's also absorbed from sunlight, so it may help to do some exercises outside.“维生素D可以从一些食物中获得，但它也可以从阳光中吸收，所以在户外做一些运动也有助于维他命D的吸收。可知在室外做俯卧撑可以增加维生素D的摄入量。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的”The spine stands at the center of your health, providing your body with structure and support. It also contains a major collection of nerves that deliver electric signals from the rest of the body to your brain. So it's important to take care of it.“脊柱位于健康的中心，为你的身体提供结构和支撑。它还包含一个主要的神经集合，将身体其他部位的电信号传递到你的大脑。所以照顾好它很重要。以及文章主要内容为介绍了一些有助于脊椎健康的方法，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Over the next decade, technology will decimate more jobs in many professions.

Some robots already cost less to operate than the salaries of the humans they replace, and they are getting cheaper. Boston Consulting Group predicts that, by 2025, the operating cost of a robot that does welding (焊接) will be less than $2 per hour, for example. That's more affordable than the $25 per hour that a human welder earns today in America.

Uber and many other companies are working on developing cars and trucks that don't need a driver in the driver's seat. According to the American Trucking Associations, approximately 3 million truck drivers were employed in the United States in 2010, and 6. 8 million others were employed in other jobs relating to trucking activity. So roughly one of every 15 workers in the country is employed in the trucking business. We could be talking about millions of jobs disappearing in the early 2020s.

And then there is the "Gig Economy (零工经济)" that has some businesses moving toward part-time, on-demand employment. Uber has already done this to taxi drivers, and other

technology companies are doing it to a wide range of jobs. A study by Intuit predicted that, by 2020, 40% of American workers will be self-employed, and that full-time jobs will be harder to find. We are talking about 60 million people in this category. The problem is that not only do such part-time workers lack reliable full-time jobs and sick pay, but they can't enjoy health insurance and longer-term benefits.

The measures to be taken are to raise trade barriers. But closing the doors to foreign trade won't bring jobs back. It will only slow the global economy and hurt American exports, shrinking the U. S. economy and accelerating job loss.

（1）The underlined word "decimate" in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by "______".

A. make someone interested in

B. equip someone for

C. wipe out

D. bring back （2）What will happen with technologies developing according to the text?

A. Robots will become smarter and smarter.

B. Uber's labor cost will be lower and lower.

C. More and more truck drivers will be needed.

D. Taxi drivers can enjoy more health insurance.

（3）Which of the following is an advantage of a full-time job?

A. It may be flexible.

B. It may offer sick pay.

C. It is full of adventure.

D. It is always well-paid.

（4）Which of the following does the writer agree on?

A. Welcoming foreign trade.

B. Offering more part-time jobs.

C. Using fewer robots to stop job loss.

D. Developing more new technologies.

（5）What's the writer's main purpose in writing the text?

A. To show technology advances in our daily life.

B. To prove technologies cause low incomes.

C. To introduce what the Gig Economy is.

D. To warn the Gig Economy is coming.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

（5）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要介绍了随着技术进步，很多公司使用更多的机器人，不再需要很多全职工人，零工经济时代很快就会到来，并举出Uber公司的例子加以说明。

（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句"Some robots already cost less to operate than the salaries of the humans they replace, and they are getting cheaper. "可知机器人的成本比人力更便宜，未来很多公司会更多使用机器人。也就是说机器人会夺走很多人的工作，故C项正确。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段第一句"Uber and many other companies are working on developing cars and trucks that don't need a driver in the driver's seat. "可知Uber公司开发了

无人驾驶技术，会大大地减少雇佣司机的工资付出，公司的运营成本会越来越低。故B项正确。

（3）推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句"The problem is that not only do such part-time workers lack reliable full-time jobs and sick pay, but they can't enjoy health insurance and longer-term benefits. "可知兼职工作的人无法享受生病工资，也就是说全职工作的人可以享受sick pay，这也是全职工作的优势，故B项正确。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一句"But closing the doors to foreign trade won't bring jobs back. It will only slow the global economy and hurt American exports, shrinking the U. S. economy and accelerating job loss. "可知作者认为关闭对外贸易并不能让工作机会回归，只会减缓全球经济发展并伤害美国的出口。由此可见作者支持对外贸易。故A项正确。（5）推理判断题。根据文章前两段可知技术进步让公司使用更多的机器人，不再需要很多全职工人。再根据第四段第一句"And then there is the "Gig Economy (零工经济)" that has some businesses moving toward part-time, on-demand employment. "可知零工经济时代很快就会到来。故D项正确。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文词义猜测题和推理判断题两种常考题型，词义猜测题要注意理解划线词汇所在语境需要表达的意思；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

7．阅读理解

Loud cheers and applause broke out at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab on Monday, November 25, 2018, as the unmanned lander, called Insight, touched down on Mars, after nearly seven years from design to launch to landing.

The great arrival of the spacecraft-designed to listen for quakes and shakes as a way to discover the Red Planet's inner secrets, how it formed billions of years ago and, how other planets like Earth took shape-marked the eighth successful landing on Mars in Nasa's history.

Minutes after InSight landed on the surface of Mars, the first image was sent back, showing a wide flat area as seen through a dirty camera.

The touchdown came after a nearly seven-month, 300 million-mile travel from Earth to Mars, during which the InSight spacecraft had to slow down from a speed of more than 12,000 mph. The spacecraft's heat shelter helped the lander survive temperatures as high as 2,700℉.

Each step along the way was watched nervously at JPL, with updates delayed by the eight-minute light travel time between Earth and Mars. Mission controllers hugged each other with joy when the signals were received. "We are proud of everything that has gone on today," they told us reporters.

The first picture of the surface of Mars was sent back to Earth by one of the MarCO nanosatellites (马可纳米卫星) that accompanied InSight during its travel to Mars. The dust from the landing made the view unclear. Pictures from it were expected to be clearer once the dust settled and the lens cover (镜头盖) was removed.

Hours later, InSight's batteries were charging as expected. The InSight team also passed on another picture, taken by a different camera that's fixed on the lander's robotic arm. The view is

clearer, showing the robotic arm and the seismometer, which is used to discover the actual movement of the ground.

（1）What do we know about InSight lander from the passage?

A. It has landed successfully on Mars eight times.

B. It travelled all the way at the speed of 12,000 mph.

C. Mission controllers helped it survive high temperature.

D. The task of it is to find out the inner mysteries of Mars.

（2）We know what Mars looks like by .

A. studying pictures InSight lander sends back

B. reading reports sent back by the person on Mars

C. collecting images sent back by MarCO nanosatellites

D. analyzing information the robot on InSight lander sends back

（3）How did the mission controllers feel when they received signals from Insight?

A. Unconcerned.

B. Worried.

C. Amazed.

D. Excited.

（4）The passage is most probably taken from .

A. a fiction novel

B. a news report

C. a travel magazine

D. an official statement

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了美国航天总局的InSight登陆和探测火星的相关情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中"The great arrival of the spacecraft-designed to listen for quakes and shakes as a way to discover the Red Planet's inner secrets,"可知，设计Insight的主要目的是探测火星的内部秘密。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"The first picture of the surface of Mars was sent back to Earth by one of the MarCO nanosatellites (马可纳米卫星) that accompanied InSight during its travel to Mars."可知，马克纳米卫星能够把拍摄火星的照片传回地球，通过照片我们就可以知道火星的外表。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Mission controllers hugged each other with joy when the signals were received.”当收到来自Insight的信号时，任务控制员们都高兴地抱在一起，可知接收到信号时任务控制人员很高兴。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了美国航天总局的Insight登陆和探测火星的相关情况，所以可以推断出它最有可能是新闻报道。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The latest data from the Office for National Statistics shows that one in every 12 kids is living in homes where no one has worked for at least a year. That may be due to unemployment or issues

such as sickness or disability that mean they can't work, and aren't required to. This is known as being in a "long term workless" family.

The issues faced by children in workless families have very bad influence on their development and education, limiting their future employment prospects, and reducing their opportunities to succeed throughout their lives.

Not only does worklessness reduce family income, it can also damage families' health and stability, and thus destroy children's development. This is because many workless families are held back by disadvantages such as debt, drug and alcohol dependency, and by homelessness. Suffering from the family problems, many children face a greater and greater possibility of repeating the poor outcomes of their parents. Government research has shown that children in workless families are almost twice as likely not to reach the expected level at all stages of their education. For example, three-quarters of children from families where no one works failed to reach the expected level at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), compared to around half of children in lower-income working families.

So attention should be paid to children in out-of-work homes. Having working parents means a child is more likely to do better at school, to have better health, education and development, and also means they are less likely to fall into crime.

But for some families, worklessness, or not employment, is the norm. They just choose not to work. These families often face huge barriers to getting on with their lives but they take the opportunities offered by the society. Parents' ability to work is frustrated by issues like low skills or poor mental or physical health, or drug and alcohol dependency, leaving children without the stability they need.

We all want to help workless families with complex problems so that their children can take advantage of the opportunities in Britain. We all want parents to have the chance to go out to earn a living and to enjoy the pleasure of work, so that their children can benefit from the good examples of working parents. In doing so, we should know the need to understand the complex issues that some families face and to develop a new approach to deal with poverty. Because the root causes are not financial. It is about helping families overcome the problems they face so that they can go as far as their talents and hard work will take them. We shouldn't retreat from acting to deal with disadvantages, because we know the costs of inaction to individuals, communities and society.

（1）According to the author, children in workless families may .

A. have better performance at school

B. take chances to go out to earn a living

C. be more able to deal with their problems

D. live the same lifestyles that their parents had （2）The underlined word "norm" in the fifth paragraph probably means .

A. a huge barrier

B. a turning point

C. a typical standard

D. an unusual event （3）In the last paragraph the author mainly talked about .

A. raising of social welfare

B. solutions to the problems

C. development of the society

D. reforming of the government

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to .

A. introduce a study on children in workless families

B. appeal to the readers to help children in workless families

C. present a new approach to deal with poverty of workless families

D. compare children's performances in workless families and low-income ones

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）B

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，就家庭成员没有工作的状况会给孩子在学习，就业和生活上带来负面影响这一问题进行了讨论。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Suffering from the family problems, many children face a greater and greater possibility of repeating the poor outcomes of their parents."很多遭遇家庭孩子更有可能重蹈父母的覆辙，可知，这些孩子很有可能过和父母一样的生活。故选D。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“But for some families, worklessness, or not employment, is the norm.”但是对于一些家庭来说，失业和不就业是一个典型的例子。联系上文可知，一般的失业家庭是因为疾病，就业压力等外部原因。但此处提到的家庭是"they just choose not work"自己选择不工作,所以这种家庭是典型例子。故选C。

（3）考查段落大意。根据最后一段中的“ In doing so, we should know the need to understand the complex issues that some families face and to develop a new approach to deal with poverty. Because the root causes are not financial. It is about helping families overcome the problems they face so that they can go as far as their talents and hard work will take them”在这样做的时候，我们应该知道有必要了解一些家庭面临的复杂问题，并制定一种处理贫穷问题的新办法。因为根本原因不是经济原因。它是帮助家庭克服他们所面临的问题，使他们能够尽其所能地发挥他们的才能并努力工作。可知，本段主要讲帮助那些失业家庭的方法。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“We all want to help workless families with complex problems so that their children can take advantage of the opportunities in Britain. We all want parents to have the chance to go out to earn a living and to enjoy the pleasure of work, so that their children can benefit from the good examples of working parents.”我们想要帮助情况复杂的"无就业"家庭，这样他们的孩子就可以利用在英国的机会。我们想要父母出去挣钱，享受工作的乐趣，这样孩子也可以从父母的榜样中受益，表达了想帮助这些家庭的强烈愿望，和殷切希望。所以短文的目的是呼吁读者帮助无就业家庭的孩子。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

About sixty years ago, China was known as the "Bicycle Kingdom". But the two-wheeled way of transportation began to become less popular, with many bikes soon replaced by their four-wheeled competitors.

But recent months have seen a revival(复兴) of the bike across China, with an increasing

number of people choosing cycling instead of driving to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing. The introduction of bike-sharing plans, pioneered by companies like Ofo and Mobike, has brought cycling to a new level. According to the latest data, the first week of this year saw 5, 850,000 active users of Mobike while Ofo had 1,400,000 active users.

People can unlock the shared bikes by simply using their smartphones. The bikes are equipped with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user. They are popular among many Chinese people. "In places where the underground railway doesn't extend, it's so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike," Hu Hong said. She cycles to her workplace in Shanghai.

Bike-sharing is a greener method of transportation and provides a user-friendly experience. However, the plans have also led to problems such as illegal parking, breaking and stealing. Last month, two nurses in Beijing put locks on two shared bikes. And in December, a man stole a shared bike.

Now Chinese service operators are also trying to solve these problems. Setting credit points is one of the ways. Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with points taken because of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, bike Tental((租金) is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes rather than 0.5-1 yuan.

（1）From which is the text probably taken?

A. A fashion magazine.

B. A travel guide.

C. A storybook.

D. A newspaper.

（2）What's the close meaning of the underlined word "extend" in the third paragraph?

A. Fill.

B. Reach.

C. Provide.

D. Follow.

（3）Why does the writer say: "setting credit points is one of the ways" in the last paragraph?

A. To give an example of how the service operators solve the problems.

B. To show the one of the problems that bike-users meet.

C. To offer an example of how bike rental is increased.

D. To provide a plan for the government to choose and solve the problems.

【答案】（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述了中国从六十年前的自行车王国到被汽车代替以及最近几

个月，自行车在中国各地复苏，越来越多的人选择骑自行车，而不是开车上学、上班或观光。Ofo和摩拜等公司率先推出的共享单车计划，将自行车运动提升到了一个新的水平。（1）推理判断题。本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述的是中国从六十年前的自行车王国到

被汽车代替以及最近几个月，自行车在中国各地开始复苏。这是一篇新闻报道，由此推知

文章很可能来自一份报纸。故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据第三段中They are popular among many Chinese people. In places where the underground railway doesn't extend, it's so easy to get where you want to go with Mobike(它们在许多中国人中很受欢迎。在地铁不延伸的地方，骑摩拜单车去你想去的地方

很容易。)可知，指地铁够不到的地方，划线词的意思是"够得到"。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段中Now Chinese service operators are also trying to solve these problems. Setting credit points is one of the ways. Mobike sets a 100-point credit score for each user, with points taken because of bad behavior.（现在，中国的服务运营商也在努力解

决这些问题。设置学分是其中一种方法。摩拜单车为每位用户设置了100分的信用评分，这些分数是由于用户的不良行为而获得的。）可知，作者在最后一段说"setting credit points is one of the ways"是为了举例说明服务运营商是如何解决这些问题的。故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。新闻报道类的阅读文章，先要找到文章的主旨句，主旨句一般在开头或转折词后等。再分清段落结构和把握每段段意。对文章有个全面的理解。

10．阅读理解

By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to -17℃. In Chicago, it was also -17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29℃. And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in pain. As comic Lewis Black said, "That is not weather. That's an emergency condition."

When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (阴森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with: "What the hell is going on with Global Warming? Please come back fast, we need you!" And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request. On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big Apple was in a sunny 19℃.

The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused on circling the North Pole.

A shaky jet stream (高速气流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York compared with the Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4.

Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal. Or it didn't used to be, anyway.

After all, scientists have been warming—sorry, warning—that warming can have these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), "So when it's warmer than usual, that's because of global warming. And when it's colder, that's also because of global warming?" Well, yes. And anybody who just can't accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression "freezer burn."

（1）By mentioning Lewis Black's words in Paragraph 1, the author intends to .

A. indicate how unusual the winter's weather was

B. suggest the north isn't a suitable place to live

C. remind people never to forget the past winter

D. urge people to take action against the emergency

（2）What led to the sudden increase in the Chicago temperature on February 4?

A. The cold Arctic air.

B. Trump's sincere tweet.

C. Warm air from the real South.

D. Disruption of polar vortex.

（3）Why does the author use the expression "freezer burn"?

A. To show readers his concerns about the extreme weather.

B. To prove global warming to be the cause of the extreme weather.

C. To cast doubt about scientists' study on the paradoxical conditions.

D. To express his disapproval of the result of the paradoxical conditions.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文主要报道了在北半球这个时候像纽约、芝加哥等城市冬天不仅没走,反而出现了极不寻常的寒冷天气。文中分析了其原因。

（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Lewis Black的话的意思是：那不是天气。这是紧急情况。然后根据上文的描述"the low temperature dropped to -17°C. In Chicago, it was also -17°C—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29°C. And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃or -46℃"可知天气情况极其恶劣。因此这句话是突出了天气的极其异常。故答案为A。（2）细节理解题。根据第三段"But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from real south, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago"因此真正的原因是南方传来的暖气。文中"And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request."只是玩笑,不能作为真正的答案。故答案为C。

（3）推理判断题。根据第五段原文，文中这个词出现在"Well, yes. And anybody who just can't accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression "freezer burn."因此这个词的目的是反击那些"Climate change deniers"所以作者是支持global warming的，是为了证明全球变暖是极端天气的原因。故答案为B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及了细节理解题和推理判断题两种常考题型。细节理解题查找原文关键词，推理判断题根据上下文的理解进行合理的推理，不主观臆断。

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型

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