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高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)

高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)
高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)

高中现在完成时讲解与练习(非常详细)

-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN

现在完成时讲解与练习

一、现在完成时的构成

1. 现在完成时结构:

主语+助动词have(has) +动词过去分词

否定句:have/has后加not, haven’t/hasn’t

一般疑问句:前提have/has

被动:have /has been +动词的现在分词

2.现在完成时的概念:

1) 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

--Have you had your lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?

--Yes, I have. I have just had it. 是的,我刚吃过。 (现在我不饿了。)

I have already posted the photos. 我已经寄过这些照片。(这些照片已不在我这里了。)

2) 过去发生的事情,一直持续到现在(其谓语动词多是延续性动词或表示状态的

词)。

I haven’t seen her these days. 近来我一直没见过他。

I’ve known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李雷已经三年了。

They have lived here since 1996. 他们自从1996年就住在这儿。

She has taught us since I came to this school. 自从我来这所学校,她就教我。

3. 现在完成时多与下列时间状语连用:

1) 用于“过去发生的事,对现在造成的影响或结果”的时间状语有:

already(已经→肯定句) yet(还;尚未→否/疑问句) -Has he phoned you yet-

--No,not yet.

never(从未) ever(曾经→疑问句)Have you ever talked to him about it

just(刚刚) before(以前)

a lready 用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;

yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末;

ever意为“曾经”,用于疑问句或否定句中,放在助动词与过去分词之间;

never意为“从来都没有”,常和before连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。Eg.I have never traveled by plane before.

before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。Eg.I haven’t heard of it before.

2) 用于“过去发生的事,一直延续到现在”的时间状语有:

for + 时间段(for two years)

since two years ago

since + 时间点 since 2008

Since then

since he came here.

so far(目前;迄今为止)

up to now=till now=by now到现在为止;直到现在

all the time 总是;一直 recently lately最近 these days 近几天

【by the end of…到…末/结束】by the end of this year 到今年年末

by the end of this month到本月末

during /over the last (past) few years 在过去的几年中

in the last /past months在过去的几个月中 in the past/last few days/years 在过去的这几天

3) This/It is the first/second time + that从句that从句要用现在完成时

This is the first time that I have come here.

4)在条件,时间,让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.

I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work.

3. have(has) been 和 have(has) gone 区分

1) have/ has gone (to) 表示某人已经去了某地,人不在这儿。

--Where is Jim

– He has gone to London. (人不在这儿,已去了London)

2) have/ has been (to) 表示曾经到过某地,但现在人已回来。

I have been to Shanghai twice. 我到过上海两次。(以前去的上海,现在人已回来) --Where have you been, Jim 吉姆,你去了哪里

--I have been to the library. 我去了图书馆。

后面还可以跟不定式

I’ve been to see my grandmother.(现已回来) She’s been to do some shopping.

3) have/has been in + 地点 (adv. 去to) 在某处呆过多长时间 (现在还在那里)

How long have you been here/there I have been here/there for 10 years.

你在这里多长时间了我在这里10年了。(现在还在)

Dashan has been in China since 20years ago. 大山自从20年前就在中国。(现在还

在)

How long have been at this school I have been here for over two years.

你在这所学校多长时间了我在这里两年多了。 (现在还在)

4.have got 的特殊用法:have got 在形式上时现在完成时,在意思上和have相

同: Have you got (=Do you have)a timetable? She hasn’t got any relations. I’

ve got another three minutes.

5.have got to 和have to 意思相同: have got to 和have to 意思相

同: have got to =have to,表示“不得不”:

You’ve got to be careful. That’s what we’ve got to do. You’ve got to keep this in mind.

在口语中,have有时可以省略。

We got to make ends meet.我们得收支相抵。

二、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调的是现在的情

况,所以它不能与表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday, last night, three weeks

ago, in 2004 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态,和现在没有任何关系,它

可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。

I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容。)

I saw the film last week.我上星期看了这部电影.(只说明上星期看了这部电影,不涉及

现在的情况)

He has lived here since 1992. 1992年以来他一直住在这里。(他现在还住在这里)

He lived here in 1992. 1992年他住在这里。(不涉及现在他是否还住在这里)

把下列句子分别变成否定句、一般疑问句并作回答。

1) I have already cleaned the room.

否定句: ____________________________________________________________

一般疑问句:_________________________________________________________

肯定回答:________________________ 否定回答:_________________________ 2) Jim has never been to Harbin.

一般疑问句:________________________________________

肯定回答:________________________ 否定回答:_________________________

3)We have lived here since 2 years ago.

否定句: _________________________________________

一般疑问句:________________________________________

对画线部分提问:

_________________________________________________________

三、用所给词的适当形式填空

1. I _________________________________(learn) 2000 English words so far.

2. The old man _______________________________(live) here for 40 years.

3. I ________________________________(not see) you for ten years.

4. _____________________ you ____________________ (sweep) the floor today It is

so dirty.

5. ______________________ he _____________________(spend) all his money Yes, he

has.

四、短暂性动词与持续性动词在现在完成时中的运用

在现在完成时中, 短暂性动词一般不与时间段连用。即:不与for, since短语或how

long问句连用。

非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下述三种方法:

a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词

练习:将下列非延续性动词转化为延续性动词

buy ; borrow ; open ; close ; begin/start ;come ;go/leave ;fi

nish ; died ;catch a cold ; put on ; get up ;

wake up fall asleep ; lose ; join leave

1.He left his office 3 hours ago.

He from his office for 3 hours.

It 3 hours since he left his office.

2.He has been dead 4 years. He ago.

It has been he died.

b.将时间状语改为过去时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成

时。 Eg. I have been away from this school for eight years. I left this school eight years ag o.

c .用句型“it is +一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的一般过去式)”表示。如:It is two years since the ol

d man died.

注意:瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。

如: [Exercises] Ture or False

He has come to Beijing since last year.( ) He has lived in Beijing since last year.( ) He h as joined the army for 3 years.( ) He has served in the army for 3 years.( ) He joined th e army 3 years ago. ( ) He has been a soldier for 3 years. ( ) It is 3 years since he join ed the army. ( ) He has joined the army. ( )

短暂性动词与时间段连用时,要转化成表示状态的词或短语。

1. She __________________ (leave) home last week.

2. She has already________________ (leave) home.

3. She_________________________________ home for a week.

A. has left

B. left

C. has been away

D. has been away from

4. How long has she ________________________ home?

A. left

B. leaved

C. been away from

1. The old man is________________ . He_____________________ ten years ago.

2. He has_______________________________ for ten years. (die/dead填空)

3. ( ) How long has he___________________________

A. died

B. been dead

C. die

D. been die

join the League 入团 join the Party 入党 join the army 参军

A: When did Zhao Lin __________________ the League

B: He______________ the League last year. He has ___________________the League

for one year. ★

1. A: I____________________ a book from the library yesterday.

B: How long ___________ you____________________ it?

A: I can _______________ it for a week.

2. He ______________________ the dictionary since last week.

A. borrowed

B. has borrowed

C. has kept

D. kept

1. A: 我买了一辆自行车。I _____________ __________________a bike.

B: 你买了多长时间了?How long ________________ you ___________ it?

A: 我上个月买的。I ______________________ it last month.

2. I ______________________ this pair of skates for two years.

A. have bought

B. have had

C. bought

D. had

The movie _____________ (start) half an hour ago. It ______________________ for thirty minutes.

A: When did the factory _______________

B: It _______________ ten years ago.

A: How long has it _____________________

B: It has ______________________ for ten years.

A: When did the shop_______________

B: It ______________ a month ago.

A: How long has it ___________________.

B: It has _____________________ for a month.

arrive in/at... 到达,抵达 come to... 来到......

1) A: When did you ______________ in Shanghai

B: I __________________ here last week.

A: How long have you ____________ ______________ Shanghai

B: I have _______________ here for a week.

2) I___________ to this school last year. I have____________ __________ this school

for a year.

(用get catch have 适当形式填空)

1. I _______________/_______________ a cold last week. And I’m not feeling well now.

So I _______________________ a cold for a week.

2. I __________________________ a cold since last week.

A. have got

B. have caught

C. have had

D. got

练习:

1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he

A. already B.never C.ever D. still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______

A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .

—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good

C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .A. was ; studying B. will ; stu

dy

C. has ; studied D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it tw

ice .

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really When _____ there

A. will they go B. did they go

C. do they go D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet

—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here

—About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. began

15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is B. has C. will D. was

16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom,

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

五、补充

1)由since引导的从句中的时态:

由since引导的从句一般用过去时(主句谓语动词用现在完成时)

We’ve been friends ever since we met at school.

Much has changed since I was there last time.

2)当表示有多少时间时,主句谓语可用一般现在时: It’s two years since I left home. How long is it since you came here last time?

3)在下面句型中也可用现在完成时:出现最高级

This is the best tea I have ever drunk.

This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

This is the easiest job I have ever had.

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。

故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等

连用。故2应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续

到现在的。故4应选D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从

句,从句过去时)。故6应选C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times(三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选

B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。故9的正确答案为B。

10、B

11、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为:D。

12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。

16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。”故16的正确答案为A。

17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C

1、belongs

2、spoke, have forgotten

3、wasn’t

4、am just helping out

5、broke, was playing

6、arrives

7、was reading, fell

8、feels

9、never thought, were going

10、didn’t realize, wanted

11、haven’t cleaned

12、I’ve been told

13、have been

14、have met

15、had gone up

16、had gathered ; was already ringing

17、would gather ; would already have rung

18、had been planning

19、to take

20、there are going

21、didn't

22、As soon as I finished writing

23、Makes

24、am thinking of

25、will have been studying

26、will have graduated

27、Hardly had I reached

28、would be; hasn't arrived

29、is

30、they would be friends

31、have been discussing ,haven't reached

32、went

33、have you put

34、before Tom comes back

35、is shown

36、are you getting

37、were you doing , had just finished

38、have never read

39、It was once believed

40、got hurt

41、have been risen

42、have added up to

43、proved

44、will last

45、took place

46、don't sell

47、had left

48、have made

49、has been married to

50、was sent

现在完成时趣味讲解

现在完成时趣味讲解 现在完成时的含义 可与现在完成时态相连用的常见时间状语 瞬间动词在现在完成时态中的用法 现在完成时的含义 在当今常见的语法书中对现在完成时的定义大多是:现在完成时是指过去发生的至今已经完成或还在继续的动作。在笔者2011年于《海外英语》中发表的《have + -en的构式研究》中曾指出这一说法的稍欠妥之处。因为过去发生的“已经完成”或“未完成”容易让学生产生疑惑:究竟是不是完成时? 笔者认为易仲良教授提出的“式态”的说法以及马承老师提出的“现在完成时表示过去已经发生而与现在情况有关系的动作”这一说法更能让学生理解。事实上,我在初中的教学过程当中也是这样跟学生讲解的,学生们能够较好的理解这一说法,并能自然地将现在完成时与一般过去时区分开来。 常与现在完成时相连的时间状语 在初中阶段,多数考查现在完成时的句子当中都有较为明显的时间状语标志词, 比如以下的这些句子(均摘录自人教版教材):

Have you read Treasure Island yet? I’ve already read it. Have you ever been to a museum? I’ve never been to a science museum. I’ve had this bike for three years. 如果在实际的教学过程当中孤立地让学生记忆这些时间状语标志,无疑会给学生增大学习难度。为了能够提高学生的学习兴趣,我认为可以通过口诀韵律的方式让学生较快地掌握:以前(before)从来不(never)出现,最近(recently)曾经(ever)一两遍(once/twice/many times…), 自从(since+时间点)刚刚(just)for一段(for+一段),至今(so far/up to now)已经(already/yet)很明显。 在实际的教学过程当中,教师可有意识地讲述两个“已经”(already/yet)及(since/for)的区别着重分章节讲解,让学生在有了整体概念的基础上对各个考点进行突破。 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的用法 在人教版的课本附录的语法讲解中,我们可以看到:“某些动词的现在完成时可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括”现在“在内)的动作或状态,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词”。如:

现在完成时的用法讲解#精选.

现在完成时的讲解 对所学时态的回顾,引入现在完成时 通过数轴来概括讲解所学的四个时态:一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时。(导入)有时候,这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。同样也用数轴来表示一下。 一现在完成时的构成:主语+ have/has + 过去分词 (过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。 eg .I have taught English in this school since 1999. 二、否定式:主语+ haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语+ 过去分词? 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.(否定) —Have you finished your work? —Yes,I have. 三现在完成时的含义之一表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果, 常与already/yet,just,never/ever,before, so far等连用。这些标志词可以表达这种含义. 1.already意为“已经”,通常用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之后,过去分词之前,也可以放在句末。实例: 1)I've already read this book. 我已经读过这本书了。 (“读”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的影响是“知道书中的内容”。) 2)I've washed my clothes already.我已经洗了衣服。 (洗衣服的动作已完成,其结果是“衣服冼干净了”。) 注意:在表示吃惊或明知故问等感情色彩时,already也可用于(口语)疑问句中。实例:3)Have you met him already ?你(真的)已经见过他了?

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时讲解 第一部分: 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,也可表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。学习现在完成时,先从结构和句式开始: 构成:主语 + have / has + 过去分词 + 其他 (当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。) 否定式:主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +过去分词 + 其他 疑问式:Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他? 简略答语:Yes, 主语 + have / has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven’t / hasn’t.(否定) 第二部分: 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义: 1.以already, just和yet为标志 already, just和yet表示到现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。 He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。 2.以ever和never为标志 ever和never表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。 This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。 3.以动作发生的次数为标志 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 4.以so far为标志 so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。 第三部分: 过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去,我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手,进一步学习现在完成时。 “终止”、“延续”要转换 英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“Cats” has been on for half an hour.《猫》已经开演半个小时了。 How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了? 初中阶段常见的有:come—be, go out—be out, leave—be away (from), begin—be on, buy—have, borrow—keep, join—be a member / 介词短语, die—be dead, become—be, open (v.)—be open (adj.) 等。

英语现在完成时态讲解

现在完成时 一、定义:表示一个动作在过去发生并对现在产生影响 表示一个动作由过去发生持续到现在有可能停下,也有可能延续下去 表示一个动作从过去开始发生到目前为止已经发生多次。 二、构成:现在完成时是由“助动词have / has + 动词的过去分词”构成的, 其规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同,不规则动词的过去分词则需加强记忆。 如:I have just cleaned my clothes.我刚洗过衣服。 My brother has done his homework already. 我的弟弟已经做完他的作业了。 友情提示:在现在完成时的各种结构中,have, has均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态的作用,不可省略。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。 过去分词 1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。 四点变化规则: (1)、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词: AAA型

现在完成时讲解

如何使用现在完成时 同学们我们已经学习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时、 一般将来时这4种时态的用法,但这4种时态还不能满足我们表达的需要。比如:表示“某人过去曾经做过某事”或者“某人做某事多久”,以上五种时态就派不上用场了。这时,我们可以用一种新的时态——现在完成时表示。 一、现在完成时的构成 (一)肯定式 主语+助动词have /has +过去分词+其它 说明:这里的have /has是助动词,没有什么具体意义。当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has,其余人称一律用have。has,have 的缩略式分别为's或've。规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成 方式一样,不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。实例: 1)I've just copied all the new words .我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了) 2)She has lost her books .她丢失了她的书。(表示到目前为止还没有找到)

(如果用过去时:She lost her books . 则强调书是过去丢的这一动作,而不知现在有没有找到) 3)We've just cleaned the classroom .我们刚好打扫了教室。(表 明现在教室是干净的) (二)否定式 主语+助动词have /has+not+过去分词+其它 说明:现在完成时构成否定句时,只需在助动词have /has后面加not就行。have not,has not的缩略式分别为haven't ,hasn't。另外,肯定句中有some,already时,改为否定时要分别改成any,yet。实例: 1)I haven't finished my homework yet.我还没有完成我的作业。 2)She hasn't travelled on a train .她没有坐火车旅行过。 3)We have never spoken to a foreigner.我们从来没有和外国人说 过话。 注:有时not可以用never代替,表示“从来没有”的意思。又如: 4)I have never seen him before.以前我从来没有见过他。 (三)一般疑问式 助动词Have /Has +主语+过去分词+其它?

(完整版)现在完成时讲解及练习

Unit 9:现在完成时讲解 一.基本结构:助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二.句型: 否定句:主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三.用法 (1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含义:郭子君现在在这儿) My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示)常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句(过去时) ●⑤It is+时段+since+从句(过去时) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四.has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过(已不在去过的地方) My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in:呆了多久(还在所呆的地方) My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /sin ce two months ago.

现在完成时讲解

现在完成时间和现在完成进行时 一、现在完成时 1. 通常使用现在完成时的几种情况 (1)表示过去发生的事对现在的影响 Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad. (Justin 失踪在过去,但是Kelly 至今仍旧为他的失踪感到难过) (2)表示过去的动作一直延续到现在 I haven’t seen Justin since last Friday night. (从上周五晚上到现在一直没有见到过Justin) (3)表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要 The boy has already come home. (男孩已经回家,但没有指出何时回家) (4)表示刚结束的动作 The police have just finished searching the area. (警方刚结束对该地区的搜查) (5)表示反复发生的动作 Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. (村民曾多次看到UFO) 2. 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。 3. 常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 (1)表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响,动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束,一般可用already (用于肯定句)、yet (用于否定和疑问句)、ever、just、recently、lately 和never Tom has already come home. He hasn’t finished his homework yet. I’ve met the old man somewhere before. (2)表示从过去开始,并一直持续到现在,一般用for/since短语或由since 引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语,在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语,或表示过去时间的状语从句。 We have n’t seen him for two days/since last Monday. We haven’t seen him since he left Nanjing. 4. 现在完成时的应用 (1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连 用,若要接用时间段状语,则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如: He has left. 他走了。 He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。 Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗? How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久? 注意:非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如: He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后,他再也没有借这本书了。 (2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地,但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去 某地,现在不在这儿。如: He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大,现在在我们公司工作。

英语语法现在完成时讲解

第六讲现在完成时 1.概念: 1)、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去,常和for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词. eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了. --- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? --- Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) 2. 结构: 主语+ hav e / has + done + … 3. 句型: ⑴肯定句: ①主语+ have / has + done + … eg:She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海. I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了. ⑵否定句: ①主语+ have / has + not +done + … eg:I haven’t seen this film.我没有看过这部电影. eg:She hasn’t finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业. ⑶一般疑问句:① Have / Has + 主语+ done + … eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有. eg:Has she finished doing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasn’t. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. ⑷特殊疑问句:①特殊疑问词+ have / has + 主语+ done + … eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 4. 时间状语:典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用,这些词有:

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