雅思阅读UNIT 12 Money

UNIT 12 Money

Warm up-Thinking about the Topic

Look at the images. Talk about them with your partner.

1 What do you know about these items? Think about their value.

2 All these items have been used as money at some time in history. Discuss with a partner each of them was used in the past or is still being used now.

3 Make a list of all the different currencies you know in the world today -yuan, dollar...

Beginning to Read

Predicting Content from the Title of the Passage

Money Through the Ages

From the earliest of times, money has been central to our communities and our organized way of life. Over the centuries, various monetary systems have directed our lives. Today, it has wide social, psychological and political influence. It

A

has developed since the beginnings of our history.

From the beginning of humankind, the system of barter, or exchange, has been used to buy goods. Personal items of value such as crops or animals were exchanged for goods or services wanted. This kind of exchange still exists today.

There is a problem with using perishable commodities such as salt, tea, tobacco, cattle, pigs or seeds as money, because the storage and transportation of these items become a problem. Consequently, over time, the bartering system evolved, so that people could sell their pigs at the best possible time and receive coins which could later be used to buy grain when the eat was harvested world. These original coins were made with holes in the middle so they could be chained together.

Later, around 700 BCE, the Lydians, who lived in the area known as Turkey, were the first people to make silver coins. From around 550 BCE they produced pure silver and gold coins with their gods and emperors imprinted on the surface. From the fourth century BCE the Egyptians used gold bars as a means of exchange. Coins were now in wider use. The Greeks and Romans used the more scarce metals of bronze, gold and silver to make their coins, which meant the coin itself became quite valuable, whereas the earlier Chinese coins had been made of more common base metals.

In China, around 118 BCE, as the metals available for coin making diminished, leather money developed. This early form of paper money was made of white deer-skin edged in bright colours. This was given in exchange for goods. Paper money more resembling that which we use today became commonly issued in China from around 960 CE onwards, but it developed much later in the Western World.

The system of representative money, where a piece of paper was representation of goods or money accumulated, developed from the commodity money system. Banks stored precious goods, which were usually in the form of silver or gold bars, and offered a paper receipt for their value. These paper receipts were soon being traded as a form of money. The expression 'as good as gold' developed from this practice as it was generally accepted that although the receipt itself was of very little value it had a significant value since it was backed by the promise to pay the amount stated on the receipt. As a consequence of this practice, in 1694 the Bank of England issued the first permanently circulating banknotes, but it was not until the eighteenth century that the use of printed notes of a fixed value came into use.

Another system of money which evolved over time was that of fiat money. This is not based on the representation of any commodity or precious metal stored in a bank. Instead, it is money which is given value by a government. Fiat money has become the standard form of national currency in the world today. This trend began in 1971 when the United States declared its dollar would no longer be backed by any commodity. B C E F G H

Throughout history, coins have been by far the most important form of money. In an auction at Sotheby's in London in July 1995, 200 ancient coins sold for over two million pounds. One coin, minted in 460 BCE was sold for one hundred and thirty two thousand pounds. For someone to pay that much for a coin, they must be made of money. Just think, an old coin stashed away in a drawer somewhere or dug up in the garden could make a mint in an auction. If you are hard up, finding an old coin may be just what you need to help make ends meet. In fact, if you were lucky enough to find a very rare coin, you too could end up with money to burn!

4 Look at the title of the reading passage: Money Through the Ages Ask yourself: a. What is the main topic of the passage?

i. History

ii. Money

iii. People

b. What is the main idea (the aspect of the topic) that will be discussed in the passage? i. in ancient times

ii. in modern times

iii. at all times in history

Scanning for Specific Information

5 Scan read the passage quickly to find the following key words.

Which people are mentioned in the passage?

Write the letter of the paragraph(s) beside each one.

a, North American Indians ______________

b. Chinese ______________

c. Lydians ______________

d. Egyptians ______________

e. Greeks ______________

f Romans ______________

6 Which monetary systems are discussed in the passage?

Write the letter of the paragraph(s) beside each one.

a. Commodity ______________

b. Representative ______________

c. Fiat ______________

Skimming to Summarise the Reading Passage

7 Work with a partner to complete a brief summary of this reading text. I

Speak, do not write.

This passage is about ... First, it describes ... Then, it talks about ...

IELTS Type Questions: Reading for Details and for Main Ideas

Table Completion

Complete the table below. Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS, A DATE OR A NUMBER from the reading passage for each answer.

Matching Look at the following list if statements. Match each statement 9) - 15) with the correct people (A - E).

______ used clam shells as money ______ made substitute cowry shells ______made coins out of bronze ______ made the first silver coins ______used gold bars as payment ______made coins from less expensive metals ______made the earliest paper money from animal skins

Classification

According to the information in the reading passage, classify the following statements as being associated with one of the following monetary systems.

A Commodity

B Representation

C Fiat

Write the correct letter, A, B or C in the gaps.

16) ___________is supported by the promise of gold or silver bars as payment. 1 7) ___________is also a system of barter, or exchange.

18) ___________uses items that cannot be easily stored or moved around.

19)____________ is the most common system in modern times.

20)____________provides a receipt as a pledge for an equivalent amount of a commodity or valuable that is being stored.

21) ___________has a monetary worth set by the state.

22) ___________is not supported by a stored product or commodity.

After You Read

Vocabulary - Idiomatic Expressions

8 Match the beginning of an expression (Column A) with an ending (Column B).

Column A Column B

a. a nest ____________ i. a mint

b. to be ____________ ii. to burn

c. to be made of ____________ iii. as gold

d. to make ____________ iv. egg

e. to make ends ____________ v. hard up

f. as good _____________ vi. talks

g. money ____________ vii. money

h. to have money ____________ viii. meet

9 Match a common expression above with a meaning below.

Note: Number vi. has two correct answers.

i. to have enough money to survive ___________________ ii. to have very little money ___________________ iii. to have money put aside for future needs ___________________ iv. people with a lot of money have power and influence ___________________ v. to gain a lot of money ___________________ vi. to be extremely rich ___________________ vii. everything is fine (as promised) ___________________ TIP

Check your answers are grammatically correct

10 Complete the following sentences using one of the common expressions.

a. My friend has just won a million dollars. Now he has _________________.

b. Our neighbours are already struggling to ________________ I really don't think

they can afford to have another child.

c. The oil company paid the farmers money to walk off their lan

d.

_________________, you know.

d. He went to Las Vegas and__________________ in one of the casinos ther

e. He won an incredible amount of money!

e. Can you lend me fifty dollars? I'm a bit ___________________at the moment.

f. Leave your bag behind the desk. It'll be ____________________there.

g. I think he's_______________. Look he's wearing a genuine Rolex watch and Pierre Cardin suit and now he's driving a Ferrari.

h. Well, he must have certainly used money from his ______________to pay for that!

words and phrases in the reading passage.

In IELTS reading tests, there are several ways that words

or phrases in the questions match with information in

the reading passage.

This activity relates back to the IEL TS Matching type questions 9)-15).

Look at these examples.

In Column A is the key word or phrase from the question and in Column B is the

information in the passage which helps you to give the correct answer.

Matching Key Words in the Question to Key Words in the Reading Passage Now, you are going to look again at the IELTS Classification-type question, which is repeated below. This time the key words and phrases in the questions are underlined for you.

11 Find the word or phrase in the reading passage that relates to the question and underline it.

a. _________ is supported by the promise of gold or silver bars as payment.

b. _________ is also a system of barter, or exchange.

c. _________ uses items that cannot be easily stored or moved aroun

d.

d. _________ is the most common system in modern times.

e. _________ provides a receipt as a pledge for an equivalent amount of a commodity.

or valuable that is being stored.

f. _________ has a monetary worth set by the state.

g. _________ is not supported by a stored product or commodity.

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雅思阅读填空题(让考官告诉你)

雅思阅读summary填空题是雅思阅读题中常见题型, 在阅读考试中占较大的比重. 同时也是众多考生头痛的一种题型. 因为此题型不仅考查考生快速准确理解阅读文章的主旨能力, 也考查考生对定位,同义转化以及语义间逻辑关系的灵敏度. 总的来说, 雅思阅读summary填空题主要有两种形式: 一种是单词填空式, 这种形式主要针对文章全文或者部分段落写出的一篇摘要, 空出若干空格, 要求考生从文章中寻找相应的单词进行填空; 另一种是单词选择式, 就是在第一种形式的基础上, 额外提供了一个词库, 要求考生从词库中选词填空. 下面环球雅思的老师将详细讲解如何快速而有效的解答这两种形式的summary填空题. 单词填空式 解题策略 对于单词填空式题, 一般把握三个关键信息: 逻辑关系词, 语法属性, 定位. 首先, 观察空格前后是否有语义间有逻辑关系的连接词, 即逻辑关系词推断. 这类表示空格前后内容逻辑关系的连接词主要包括:

①表示因果关系的词, 如because, as, since, for, due to, thanks to, as a result of等. 在考试中, 在因果关系中除了一些连接词的衔接外, 还有一些表示因果关系的大词, 如trigger, breed, induce, engender, generate, be responsible for, affect, determine等, 这些词在语义中隐含了因果关系. 所以也是考生在解题中值得注意的. ②表示转折关系的词, 如but, however, while, yet, instead, rather, whereas等 ③表示让步关系的词, 如despite, in spite of, although等 ④表示并列关系的词, 如and, both…and…, neither…nor等 ⑤表示举例关系的词, 如such as, for example等 观察有无这类词的目的在于为了回原文定位时, 能缩小寻找范围, 使定位更加准确. 在文章阅读中, 题目中的某些单词会进行同义转换而变得面目全非，但是句意不会变，语义关系不会变，这是最可靠的定位依据。从而逻辑关系词对于考生在解题中把握语义间的内在关系起了关键作用. 如剑桥4 Test 2 Passage 1 Lost for words 一篇中的summary 题中This great variety of languages came about largely as a result of geographical ___Q1______. But in today’s world, factors such as government initiatives and ____Q2_____ are contributing to a huge decrease in the number of languages. One factor which may help to ensure that some endangered languages do not die out completely is people’s increasing appreciation of their ____Q3_____.

雅思阅读教案

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雅思阅读UNIT 1 Food

UNIT 1 Food Warm up-Thinking about the Topic Look at the two pictures below. Talk about them with your partner. 1 What type of environment do these people and these plants live in? 2 Match these descriptions to the right picture: a. . .. look like a cactus, but are not related. b. . .. grow in dry sandy or rocky areas. c. . .. move around the Kalahari desert in search of foo d. d. . .. walk long distances on the hot sand. e. . .. only grow about 400 cm tall. f ... have flowers which are 3 - 4 cm across. g. . .. are traditional hunter-gatherers, who do not grow food. 3 Now , work together with a partner to make some sentences about the San people and the hoodia plant. Speak, do not write. “The san … Hoodia plants … Beginning to read Skimming-Finding the Passage Structure and the Main Idea Complete the activities below to practice how to do this. Keep to the time limit! Hoodia The San live in that part of Africa called the Kalahari Desert. Life there is hard, and nature can be harsh . There are somewhere between 45,000 and 100,000 of them living in countries like Zambia and Zimbabwe. They're not rich and they don't live in expensive houses. There are no roads or schools or hospitals near them. They don't have many material possession s like cars or computers, things that people in the developed world can't do without. In fact, they have many problems such as unemployment and poverty . On top of this, they also suffer from alcoholism , drinking A TIP For IELTS reading, you need to be able to read QUICKLY to find main ideas and the structure, or organisation, of the reading passage.

剑桥雅思Test阅读Passage真题解析

剑桥雅思Test阅读Passage真题解析

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剑桥雅思7 Test4阅读Passage1真题解析 篇章结构 体裁说明文 主题线牵金字塔 结构引言：引出Marcus Chown的新观点。 第一段：介绍Marcus关于金字塔修建的新观点。 第二段：该观点引起另一位科学家Morteza的兴趣。 第三段：为验证该观点提出的实验假设。 第四段：实验获得成功。 第五段：对实验结果的分析。 第六段：对该观点存在不同的声音。 第七段：对于该观点的其他解释及依据。 第八段：该实验在现实中的应用。 必背词汇 引言 pyramid n. 金字塔reckon v. 料想 第一段 conventional adj. 通常的，常规的hieroglyph n. 象形文字，图画文字slave n. 奴隶odd adj. 古怪的 drag vt. 拖，拉posture n. 姿势 sledge n. 雪橇via prep. 经由 back up 支持mechanical adj. 机械的 software n. 软件giant adj. 巨大的 consultant n. 顾问wonder v. 好奇 peruse vt. 翻阅，浏览object n. 物体 monument n. 历史遗迹，遗址 第二段 intrigue v. 激起……的兴趣keen adj. 强烈的，浓厚的 contact v. 联系puzzled adj. 困惑的 aeronautics n. 航空学spark v. 激发 institute n. 学院apparently adv. 显然 fascinate v. 强烈地吸引investigate v. 调查，研究 第三段 column n. 柱，圆柱sustain v. 维持 horizontal adj. 水平的pulley n. 滑车，滑轮 vertical adj. 垂直的magnify v. 放大 source n. 来源rig v. 装配 initial adj. 最初的tent-shaped adj. 帐篷形状的 calculation n. 计算scaffold n. 支架

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