外研版必修五module2重点知识与练习

Ⅰ.单词荟萃

1. ___________________ adj.令人满意的→ _______ adj.感到满意的→ satisfy v．使人满意→ __________ n. 满意

2._______ adj. 充满压力的，紧的→ ________ adj.感到压力的→ stress n. 压力v．强调

3. volunteer n．志愿者v. 志愿，自愿→ _________ adj. 志愿的，义务的

4. direct v. 指挥，指导，指路adj.直接的，坦率的adv.直接地→ _______ adv.直接地；立即，马上→ ________ n. 指导，指挥，方向→ ________ n．指导者，主管；董事；导演→directory n. ()簿

5.________ adj. 合格的，称职的→ _______ v．使具有资格，使合格→qualification n．资格，限制条件

6. ______ v. 冻僵，冻住；使呆住n.(物价或工资的)冻结→ _______ adj. 极冷的→ ______ adj.被冻住的，冷冻的→freezer n. 冰箱

7. _____ vt.签字；做手势示意n. 迹象，征兆；标牌；手势→ signature n．签名

8. apply v. 申请，应用→ _________n. 申请，申请书

9. require v. 需要，要求→ ___________ n. 要求，必要条件

10. ____ v. 遭受(痛苦)，经历→suffering n．痛苦，苦难

11.__________ n．个性，性格→ _________ adj.私人的，亲自的→ __________ adv.就个人而言；亲自→ person n．人

Ⅱ.短语检测

1．尤其；特别

2．平均

3. 脱离；坠落；分开4．理论上；从理论上来说5．实际上；实践中

6．遵守规则

7．靠……生活

8．以为……理所当然9．经过

10．对……产生影响11．志愿/主动做某事12．要求某人来，召唤出动13．一周又一周

14．占据

15．适合/有资格做某事16. (未)注意到

17．申请

18．作为……的回应19．休假一天20．与……有关in particular

on average

come off

in theory

in practice

respect/obey the rules

live on

take…for granted

pass by

have an effect on…

volunteer to do sth.

call out

week in, week out

take up

be qualified for sth./to do sth. take (no) notice of

apply for

in response to…

have a day off

be related to…

Ⅲ.佳句再现

1．Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle

__________ the road ____________ .

尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周会有一辆车掉下公路。

2．But often they just _______,___________________________ __________ . 但他们经常只是从他身边驶过，把人体交通标志看作理所当然的事情。

3. _______________________________ send me more information about the

post(s) available. 如果你们能把更多的有关这些工作的信息寄给我的话，本人将非常感激。

4．I ______________________ your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter. 我现在写信应征你的广告，求一份当服务员的临时工作。

Ⅳ.词汇学习

1 offer vi. & vt. 主动提出，提议；出价n. 建议；提供；出价

(1) offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事

offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb向某人提供某物

(2) offer money for sth. 出钱买某物

offer sth. for money 要价……卖某物

【活学活用】

1．根据汉语意思完成句子

He _____________ me. 他主动提出帮助我。

2．单项填空

They’ve _____ us $150,000 for the house. Shall we take it?

A．provided B．supplied C．shown D．offered

【解析】 D 本题考查offer表示“出价”的意思。offer sb. some money for sth. 意为“向某人出价买某物”，又由“Shall we take it? ”可知offer最符合句意。

2 apply vi. (to make a formal request)申请，请求；(to have an effect on or to concern a particular person, group, or situation)适用

(1)application n. 申请；申请书；应用，运用 applicant n. 申请人

(2)apply (to sb./sth.) for sth.(向某人/某组织)申请某物

apply to do sth. 申请做某事 apply sth. to sth. 将某物应用于某物

apply to…适用于……

apply oneself to sth./doing sth.专心致力于(做)某事

【活学活用】

(1)I’m going to _____________________ . 我打算申请那个职位。

(2)Do the same rules _______________________ ?同样的规则是否适用于兼职工人？

(3)The new technology _________________ farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。

3 require vt. 需要，要求

(1)requirement n.所需要的东西；必要的条件，必备的条件

meet/satisfy requirements 满足需要/必备的条件

(2)require that sb.(should) do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事

require sb. to do sth. 要求/需要某人做某事

require sth. of sb.向某人要求某物 require doing需要被做

(3)as required按照要求 required reading指定读物

【易混辨析】

require, request和demand

不同点：

(1) require意为“要求”，表示“要求所必需的东西；法律、协议、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。如：

If you are required to do or have something, a law or rule says you must do it or have it.

(2)request(to ask for sth. officially)意为“请求”，表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。

(3)demand(to ask for something very firmly，especially because you think you have a right to do this)意为“要求”，表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。

(4) require 和demand 都可以表示“需要”的意思，而request 无此用法。如：

This sport demands patience and strength. 这项运动需要耐力和体力。

The matter requires careful handling. 这件事情需要谨慎处理。

(5) require/request sb. to do→be required/requested to do；

demand to do；

demand sb. to do(×)

(6) “require＋动名词”时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。如：

My car requires (＝ wants/needs) repairing. 我的汽车需要修理。

相同点：

demand，require和request都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且从句中的谓语动词要用“should ＋动词原形”形式，其中should可以省略。

【活学活用】

(1)His health requires that ________________________ .

照他的健康状况而论，他需要早睡。

(2)I requested them ______________ such a noise. 我请求他们别这样喧闹。

(3)The house _______________ .这房子需要刷油漆。

(4)I _______________ the truth. 我要求知道真相。

4.demand n. & v. 要求；需要；查问

(1)demanding adj. 要求高的，需要高技能(耐心等)的，费力的；苛求的

(2)demand that sb. (should)do sth.要求某人做某事

demand to do sth. 要求做某事

demand sth. from/of… 向……要求，向……索取

(3) in demand非常需要的；受欢迎的

meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的需要

(the/a great)demand for…对……的需求

【活学活用】

(1) He demands that _________________ everything.

＝ He demands _________ everything.他要求将一切都告诉他。

(2)“Where are you going？”she ________________ .

“你要去哪里？”她气势汹汹地问。

(3)Good secretaries are always _________ . 好的秘书总是非常需要的。

(4)This is a __________ job. So there is ________________ skilled workers.

这是一份要求很高的工作。因此很需要技术熟练的工人。

5 suffer vi.&vt. (to experience physical or mental pain or sth. unpleasant )遭受/经历(痛苦等)；吃苦头，受损害

(1)suffering n. 疼痛，苦难，痛苦

(2)suffer from… 受……之苦，患……之病

suffer pain/damage/loss/a defeat遭受痛苦/损害/损失/失败

【活学活用】

(1) Your studies will suffer if you play too much football. (英译汉)

你要是总踢足球， __________________。

(2)Do you __________ headaches?你受头痛的困扰吗？

6 available adj. [(of things) that can be used or obtained] (指物)可用的或可得到的；[(of people) free to be seen, talked to, etc.](指人)可会见的，有空的

【活学活用】

(1) __________________ from the box office. 在售票处可以买到票。

(2) ____________ in the afternoon. 我下午有空。

【活学活用】

(1)We like to read Lu Xun’s essays ___________ . 我们特别喜欢读鲁迅的文章。

(2)He is very ___________________ food. 他吃东西特别挑剔。

Ⅴ.短语学习

1 in particular (＝especially)尤其，特别

be particular about/over sth. 对某事挑剔；对某物讲究

2 pass by [(sb./sth.)to go past a person, place, vehicle, etc.]经过(1)passerby n. 过路者(复数passersby) (2)pass away 去世(委婉的说法)

pass sth. down (from sb. to sb.)把……往下传,传给后人

pass sth. on (to sb.) 把某物传给(某人)

【活学活用】

(1) Somebody __________ asked me the way to the square. 一个过路人向我打听去广场的路。

(2) Please _____________________ the other students.

请把口信传给其他的同学。

3 take sb./sth. for granted 视某人/某事为当然

take it for granted that… (to believe that sth. is true without making sure)理所当然地认为……

【活学活用】

(1)Do n’t _____________________ . 不要把他的帮助视为理所当然。

(2)I _________________ that you’d want to come with us, so I bought you a ticket. 我理所当然地认为你想和我们一起去，所以给你买了一票。

4 take up 占据(时间/空间)；开始从事(爱好或工作)；接受(挑战等)；继续讲/做；站好位置以备

take back 承认说了错话；收回某言语；退回 take down记下

take in欺骗/蒙骗；吸入；收留；领会，理解

take on呈现(某种性质、样子等)；雇用；接受(工作)；承担(责任等)

【活学活用】

1．根据语境选择take up合适的意义

a．fill or occupy (the specified space or time)

b．to become interested in a new activity and to spend time doing it

c.to start a new job or have a new responsibility

d. to accept an offer, or a challenge

e. to move to the exact place where you should be, so that you are ready to do sth.

f. to continue a story or activity that you or somebody else has begun,

after a short break

(1) When did you take up gardening? __

(2) The little time I had outside of school was taken up with work. __

(3) Rick took up the challenge and cycled the 250mile route alone. __

(4) I’ll take up the story where you left off. __

(5) Peter will take up the management of the finance department.

__

(6)The runners are taking up their positions on the starting line.

__

2．根据语境用take短语的适当形式填空

(1) Her face _______ a fierce expression.

(2) Don’t _______too much work—the extra cash isn’t worth it.

(3) You’d better _________ that remark!

(4) He _______ his first teaching post in 1990.

3．单项填空

The crazy fans of Jay Chou arrived at his concert hall two hours earlier to ________ the front row seats.

A．take out B．take off C．take on D．take up

【解析】 D 本题考查动词短语辨析。take up意为“占据(位置)，占用(时间)”；take out意为“带……出去，领取”；take on意为“呈现，承担，聘用，接纳”；take off意为“起飞，脱下，休假”。句意为：周杰伦的歌迷提前两个小时到

达演唱会现场，是为了占前排的座位。

5 live on 以某物为食；靠……生活；继续生活或存在

live up to符合(标准)；不负(盛名)；履行(诺言)

live by doing sth. 靠做某事为生

【活学活用】

(1) Mozart is dead but his music _______ .

莫扎特人已作古，但他的音乐作品却万世流传。

(2)My salary isn’t enough for us _________ . 我的薪水不够我们生活。

(3)He failed to ________ his parents’ expectations/his principles.

他辜负了父母的期望/没有遵守自己的原则。

6 call out 要求某人来，召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况)；大声说出

(1)call by/round 顺路拜访，短暂地访问

call at a place 访问某地 call on sb. 拜访

某人

(2)call for sb./sth. 去接某人；需要，要求

call on/upon sb. to do sth.邀请某人讲话等；号召或促使某人做某事

call in 召来，叫来；请……来帮忙

call sb./sth. up给某人打/使回忆起、使想起某物

【注意事项】

call的短语较多，也很容易混淆，请根据下面的例句及其短语

的英语解释体会其含义，并掌握用法。

(1) The army has been called out to help fight fires.

军队已经被派出协助灭火。(to ask sb. to come, especially to an emergency)

(2) The situation calls for prompt action. 形势所迫，必须立即采取行动。(require, demand or need sth.)

(3) I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting. 我现在邀请主席向大会致辞。(to formally invite or ask sb. to speak, etc.)

(4) So I call on all to help those who are suffering. 所以我号召所有的人来帮助那些正在受苦的人。(to appeal to or urge sb. to do sth.)

(5) We must call in a doctor. 我们必须请位医生。(to ask for the services of sb.)

【活学活用】

1．根据汉语意思完成句子

(1)She __________ to her father for help. 她大声向她爸爸喊救命。

(2)I’ll _______ you at 7 o’clock.我7点钟到你家接你。

(3)—I’ve been promoted.

—This _______ a celebration!“我升职了。”“那得庆祝一下！”

(4)The sound of happy laughter ________ memories of his childhood. 这欢笑声使他回忆起了童年时代的情景。

2．单项填空

I’ll ________ and see my mother on my way home.

A. call on

B. call out

C. call at

D. call by

【解析】 D 句意为：我要在回家的路上顺便看看我的妈妈。A、C、D三项都可以表示“拜访”，call on和call at分别要加人和地点名词作宾语，call by则不能加宾语，因此D正确。

Ⅵ.句型学习

Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. 有时候司机们给他一点小费，使他能够维持生活。

句型公式

“名词＋to do”，不定式作后置定语修饰名词

【注意事项】

(1)不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的词之间在逻辑上有动宾关系、主谓关系等。

试比较：

①He needs a room to live in. (动宾关系)他需要有一间房子住。

②He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (主谓关系) 他总是第一个来，最后一个走。

③The meeting to be held tomorrow is about quality education. (不定式的被动语态表示将来的被动动作)明天要开的会是关于素质教育的。

(2)当不定式和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，不及物动词后面的介词不能遗漏。

I need a room to put all my things in. 我需要一个房间把我所有的东西都放进去。

【活学活用】

1．根据汉语意思完成句子

John is a pleasant fellow __________________ .约翰是一个容易相处的好伙伴。

2．单项填空

—I would like to buy an expensive camera.

—Well，we have several models________.

A．to choose from B．to choose C．to be chosen D．for choice

【解析】 A B、C两项有较大干扰性。根据上文buy an expensive camera可

以得知导购在此让“我”从several models中选一款。to choose from 在此意为

to choose one from several models。本句中to choose from似乎没有逻辑主语，

然而本句相当于We have several models for you to choose from。

Ⅱ.选词填空

live on，apply for，pass by，in particular，in response to

1. I like many science subjects and ___________ physics is my favorite.

2. You can’t _______ your parents since you are grown up.

3. The man hid behind a tree, ready to attack whoever might________.

4. I am writing _____________ your letter of June 1st.

5. Many college graduates would like to _________ a job as a teacher. Ⅲ.单项填空

1．[2010·卷] Had she ________ her promise，she would have made it to Yale University.

A．looked up to B．lived up to C．kept up with D．come up with

【解析】 B 本题考查动词短语辨析。这里是虚拟语气，句意为：如果她履行她的诺

言的话，她就在耶鲁大学读书了。look up to表示“尊敬”；live up to实践，遵

守，不辜负；keep up with跟上；come up with提出(办法)。

2．When getting around in a new city alone, you should take particular

______ of the road signs so as not to get lost.

A．pride B．care C．notice D．charge

【解析】 C take notice of留意，注意到。

3．Old memories are often ________ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music.

A. called in

B. called on

C. called for

D. called up

【解析】 D 本题考查动词短语辨析。call up使回想起，符合语境。call in召来，

请来；call on拜访，号召； call for需要，要求。

4．The air is deadly polluted because some factories don't ________ the

rules to protect the environment.

A．appreciate B．regard C．honor D．respect

【解析】 D 本题考查动词辨析。respect 除表示“对某人的意见、行为、品德及才

华等的尊重”外，还表示“遵守某事物”。appreciate 强调“理解并欣赏其价值”；regard指“十分尊重”，并含有“爱戴”之意；honor指“公开表示尊重”。由题意

可知，“空气被严重污染是由于一些工厂没有遵守保护环境的制度”，故选D。

5．I am sick and tired of my husband ________ me for granted!

A．keeping B．making C．taking D．playing

【解析】 C 本题考查动词固定搭配。take…for granted想当然地认为……6．[2011·卷] Some insects________the colour of their surroundings to

protect themselves.

A. take in

B. take off

C. take on

D. take out

【解析】 C 本题考查动词短语辨析。take in吸收，欺骗；take off脱掉，起飞，

成名；take on呈现，显现，雇用；take out拿出，取出。题干意思是：一些昆虫可

以呈现它周围环境的颜色来保护自己。选C。其余选项与题意不符。

7．________in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account.

A．What is required B．What requires C．It is required

D．It requires

【解析】 C 本题考查require 的用法。It is required that…意思是“规章制度要求……”。it作形式主语。

8．—If you like, I can do some shopping for you.

—That's a very kind________.

A．service B．remark C．suggestion D．offer

【解析】 D 本题考查名词辨析。offer表示“提议”，而且建议是对方主动提出来的。

9．That old man was so ________ about everything that nobody could please him.

A．unique B．special C．specific D．particular

【解析】 D 本题考查形容词辨析。句意为：那位老人对一切都非常挑剔，没有人能

让他高兴。此处particular表示“挑剔的”。前三项分别表示“独一无二的，独特的”，“具体的，专门的”，“具体的，明确的”。

10. I know what we're doing is legal, but ________ it doesn't feel right.

A．somehow B．anyhow C．somewhat D．however

【解析】 A 本题考查副词辨析。句意为：我知道我们所做的是合法的，但是不知为

什么，总觉得不对劲儿。somehow 意为“由于某种未知的原因；不知怎么地；不知为

什么”，符合题意。anyhow无论如何，不管怎样；somewhat 有点，稍微；however然而，可是。

高二英语外研版必修五module2语法

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外研必修五module2复习

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