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Catalyst Switching Solutions

for Campus Networks

Product Positioning

Overview

Cisco provides the most comprehensive set of campus switching solutions in the industry,meeting the requirements of the smallest wiring closet to the most routing-intensive network cores. The purpose of this document is to highlight the evolving requirements of campus networks and the Cisco solutions designed to meet those needs. Network design examples are provided at the end of the document.

Campus Evolution

Campus networks continue to evolve to meet the demands of new networked applications, the bandwidth they consume, and the policies to enforce fairness and security throughout the network. Network managers are faced with the task to ef?ciently manage traf?c loads, contain equipment and management costs, and plan for future growth.

To manage costs yet maintain—or increase—productivity,corporations are increasingly leveraging their intranets to run business-critical applications. For example, enabling technologies such as multicast are being employed to increase the sharing of information without compromising productivity. Manufacturing facilities now share resource-planning databases directly with suppliers to better plan for future capacity and decrease product lead times.IP-based telephony continues to gain acceptance as corporations realize the huge?nancial savings of converged voice and data networks. Corporate intranets can also be used by employees for non-business-critical applications, such as networked games and web sur?ng,which may consume precious network resources to the point of having harmful effects on business-critical applications.

Traffic must be segmented based upon policy—security, QoS, and traffic management; Resource contention at multigigabit rates is an expensive problem to solve with raw bandwidth.As corporations continue to leverage their intranets with an increased set of network applications (such as, multicast and ERP applications), traffic must be classified and policies enforced to maximize resource utilization, for ultimately, business goals. Multilayer services are being driven into all tiers of the network—even the wiring closet.

Desktop connectivity has migrated from 10 Mbps to 10/100 Mbps, putting more stress on the backbone to accommodate increased densities at much higher uplink rates. Backbones must also be capable of managing traf?c in a way that does not require continuous capital outlay associated with meeting bandwidth needs bit for bit,driving the need for intelligent networking—the ability to grant network resources based on application, user, time and day, or predetermined policy.

Increased corporate leverage of networked applications also demands that availability is maintained end to end. This not only requires hardware redundancy options, but the software architecture to manage traffic and recognize and overcome failure conditions.

From access layer to network core,different design parameters must be used to select the most appropriate solution.For example,where low price/port and high port density may rule in wiring-closet environments, wire-rate multilayer-switching performance and

policy-enforcement(such as QoS and security)features may drive the design for the network core.There is not a single equation that addresses the requirements for all tiers of the network. For this reason, the campus switching market has begun fragment into market segments which include wiring-closet switches, multilayer switches, and switching routers.

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Wiring-Closet Switches

Wiring-closet switches are devices that provide client connectivity at the edge of the network. For small closets, the Catalyst ? 2900 and Catalyst 3500 Series provide a number of cost-effective solutions for small to medium wiring closets. For midrange and large closets, the Catalyst 4000and 5000Families provide excellent modularity,scaling 10/100densities up to 240ports for the Catalyst 4000Family and more than 500 ports for the Catalyst 5000 Family.

Wiring-closet switches have traditionally been Layer 2-only devices, but as networks evolve traf?c pro?les, these switches are increasingly employing multilayer (2,3,and 4)services such as protocol ?ltering,traf?c classi?cation,and multicast.For example,both the Catalyst 4000 Family and 5000 Family provide the capabilities to set traf?c priority using the class-of-service (CoS) bits in the 802.1p/Q headers; Catalyst 5000 Family switches can also classify packets via Cisco ISL header or the type-of-service (ToS) bits in the IP frame headers.Catalyst 6000Family switches provide additional protocol support for admission control,access lists and ?ltering.Cisco offers the Catalyst 2900 Series, 4000 Family, and 5000 Family to address a broad set of wiring-closet requirements, highlighted in Table 1.

Figure 1Wiring Closet Density versus Price/Port for 10/100 Ethernet Density

Table 1Wiring-Closet Solutions

Architecture

Catalyst 2900/2900XL Series

Catalyst 3500XL Series

Catalyst 4000Family

Catalyst 5000Family

Catalyst 6000Family

Number of 10/100 Ports Up to 48

(Various models)Up to 48

(Various models)Scalable to 240Scalable to 500+Scalable to 384Number of Gigabit Ethernet Ports

2 (Uplinks) 2 (Uplinks)9238

Scalable to 130Non-Ethernet Backbone Interface Options None None None Token Ring, FDDI,ATM, PoS

ATM

Backplane Bandwidth 3.2–24 Gbps N/A 24 Gbps Scalable to 13.6+ Gbps Scalable to 256 Gbps Design

Fixed Con?guration None

Modular

Intelligent Services

None

ToS Bits in IP Header;CoS Bits in 802.1p/Q header

CoS Bits in 802.1p/Q Header

ToS Bits in IP Header;CoS Bits in 802.1p/Q header

Via ToS Bits in IP

Header; CoS in 802.1p/Q or ISL Header;admission control;protocol Filtering;ACLs

Traf?c Metering None None None NetFlow Accounting NetFlow Accounting Layer 2/3/4 Switching

None

6 Mpps

1-2 Mpps

15 Mpps

Catalyst 5000 and 6000 Family

Catalyst 4000Family

Catalyst 3500 Series

Catalyst 2900Series

Cost Per Port

Low

High

96 Ethernet Ports 500+ Ethernet Ports

250 Ethernet Ports Wiring Closet Density

Cisco IOS ? Services

Catalyst 2900 Series:Small Wiring Closet

Catalyst 4000 Family:Mid-range Wiring Closet

Catalyst 3500 Family:Small/Medium Wiring Closet

Catalyst 5000 and 6000 Family:High-Density Intelligent Wiring Closet

Scalability

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Multilayer Switches

Multilayer switches are Layer 2,3,and 4switches that provide diverse interfaces,high port densities and extensible functionality suitable for high-function network access or backbone applications. Depending on the network design, multilayer switches can ful?ll very high-end wiring closet, distribution, server aggregation, and backbone environments (where distribution and core are collapsed) providing multiprotocol routing, policy networking, and value-added services such as multicast, security, and mobility.

High-availability options are also key due to the number of clients supported per platform. Backbone switches must have redundancy options and also support value-added network resiliency features such as Layer 2and 3load-balancing and traf?c-management techniques to guarantee mission-critical traf?c.

Cisco delivers multilayer switching on the Catalyst 5000 and 6000 Family for low- and high-density performance environments. Both are highlighted in Table 2.

The Catalyst 6000Family provides excellent price/performance and superior Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet densities,scaling up to 384Fast Ethernet and 130Gigabit Ethernet ports—the highest in the industry.Customers can also aggregate up to eight physical Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet links using either Fast EtherChannel ? or Gigabit EtherChannel, for logical connections up to 16 Gbps. Used in this con?guration,the Catalyst 6000Family creates an industry-leading Gigabit Ethernet backbone solution to meet the requirements of today’s demanding and fast-growing backbones.The Catalyst 6000Family also supports high-performance ATM connectivity via a single-port (dual priority) OC-12 module, scaling Catalyst 6000 Family densities up to eight-ports per chassis.

The architecture of the Catalyst 6500Series supports scalable switching bandwidth up to 256Gbps and scalable multilayer switching up to 150Mpps.For customers not requiring the performance of the Catalyst 6500Series,the Catalyst 6000Series provides a more cost-effective solution,delivering 32Gbps of backplane bandwidth and multilayer switching up to 15Mpps.Figure 2highlights the relative positioning per gigabit port densities for 6000 Families and 8500 Series platforms.

Table 2Multilayer Switch Solutions for Campus Distribution/Server Aggregation

Architecture

Catalyst 4000 Family

Catalyst 5000 Family

Catalyst 6000 Series

Catalyst 6500 Series

Backplane Bandwidth 60 Bps Scalable to 13.6+ Gbps 32 Gbps 32 to 256 Gbps Number of Gigabit Ethernet ports

9238130130Number of 100FX Ethernet ports

120134

192192Number of 10/100 Ethernet ports

Up to 240Scalable to 396+384

384

Support for FEC, GEC Yes, up to 8 ports Yes, up to 4 ports

Yes, up to 8 ports Yes, up to 8 ports Non-Ethernet Interface Options None Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, PoS ATM OC-12ATM OC-12Design

Modular Modular

Modular

Layer 3 Protocol Support

IP, IPX, PIM

IP, IPX, Appletalk, DECnet,Vines, PIM (Sparse and Dense)

IP, IPX, PIM (Sparse and Dense), Appletalk, DECnet,Vines

IP, IPX, PIM (Sparse and Dense),Appletalk, DECnet,Vines

Routing Protocol Support OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP,RIP-2OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP,RIP-2OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP,RIP-2, BGP, BGP4, EGP, ISIS OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP,RIP-2BGP, BGP4, EGP, ISIS Layer 3 Forwarding Performance

6 Mpps 1-2 Mpps Scalable to 15 Mpps Scalable to 150+ Mpps Intelligent Server Switching Future

WCCP

WCCP, Accelerated Server Load Balancing (15Mpps)WCCP, Accelerated Server Load Balancing (15 Mpps)Redundancy Options

Power Supplies;

Hot Swappable Layer 2 and Layer 3, Fast Switchover,HSRP

Redundancy, Supervisors,Power Supplies, Fans; Hot Swappable Modules, Layer 2and 3 Load Balancing, Fast Switchover, HSRP

Redundancy. Supervisors,Power Supplies, Fans; Hot Swappable Modules, Layer 2and 3 Load Balancing, Fast Switchover, HSRP

Redundancy. Supervisors,Switch Fabrics, Power

Supplies,Fans;Hot Swappable Modules, Layer 2 and 3Load Balancing, Fast Switchover,HSRP

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Figure 2Catalyst Solutions for Gigabit Ethernet Campus Networks

The Catalyst 5000 Family can also be positioned in small Fast Ethernet backbones, providing excellent value and functionality, and multiprotocol support for mixed IP, IPX ?, AppleTalk, DECnet, and Vines environments.

Both Catalyst 5000and 6000Families provide high-availability options,both from a device level and network level through Cisco IOS ?.

Switching Routers

Switching routers are Layer 2,3,and 4switches focused primarily at the core of the network,providing multiservice wire-speed routing and services on all interfaces.Positioned in the core of the network,switching routers are not differentiated by extremely high densities,but rather the level of performance achieved per port. Like high-end/backbone routers such as the Cisco 7500 Series, switching routers have a broad suite of interfaces—to include both campus backbone and MAN/WAN interfaces—and support multiprotocol environments. However,switching routers scale switching bandwidths and multilayer performance to Gigabit speeds necessary for today’s highest performance network backbones.

The Catalyst 8500Series supports wire-rate multilayer switching across flexible densities of Fast Ethernet,Gigabit Ethernet,A TM,SONET,and Frame Relay. With support for A TM circuit emulation service (CES), the Catalyst 8500 Series can also provide PBX and video CODEC termination for a converged data,voice,and video network.The Cisco 7500Series offers superior dedicated access densities of channelized T1,E1, and T3 for large enterprise or service-provider environments, and also provides value-added features such as encryption and compression,integrated CSUs/DSUs, and IBM channel connectivity. The Cisco 7500Series is best positioned at the W AN edge or within the campus for mainframe connectivity. Table 3 highlights the Cisco 7500 and Catalyst 8500 Series.

Network Core

Distribution/Backbone Server Aggregation High-End Wiring Closet

Wiring Closet

Catalyst 2900/3500Families

Catalyst 4000

Family

Catalyst 5000

Family

Catalyst 6000

Series

Cisco IOS Services

Layer-2Layer-2/3/4MultiService

? Superior GE Densities and Switching Capacity ? Best GE price/port ? High-Performance Intelligent Switching ? Voice/Video/Data Integration

? Web Caching Support ? Intelligent Server Switching with Accelerated Load Balancing

? Full Internet Routing Support

? High 10/100 Densities

? Multilayer Services ? Flexible connectivity options

? Medium high 10/100 Densities

? Multilayer Services ? Convergence/Services delivery in Wiring Closet

? Most cost-effective Ethernet Densities for Small to Midrange Applications ? Layer-2 Services

Scalable Catalyst Family of Switches

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Table 3 Switch-Router Solutions for Backbone and Core Environments

Architecture

Cisco 7500 Series

Catalyst 8500 Series

Backplane Bandwidth 2 Gbps 10 to 40 Gbps Layer 3 Performance 1 Mpps

6-24 Mpps

Layer 3 Protocol Support IP, IPX, Appletalk, DECnet, Vines

IP, IPX, PIM (Sparse and Dense), AppleTalk, future support for DECnet, Vines

Routing Protocol Support BGP4, OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP, RIP-2, ISIS BGP4, OSPF, IGRP, EIGRP, RIP, RIP-2ATM Switching Not Applicable

H-PNNI

Design

Modular, Distributed Switching and Services

Maximum Port Densities

Gigabit Ethernet 2-364Fast Ethernet

128

Support for FEC, GEC FEC up to 2 ports; GEC not supported Yes, up to 4 ports FDDI 22None 100VG Anylan 22None ATM CES None 64T3 ATM 2264OC-3 ATM 22128OC-12 ATM None 32OC-48 ATM None 4–8T1/E1 ATM Future 64Packet over T344None Packet over E3

44None OC-3 Packet over SONET 11Future OC-12 Packet over SONET 2Future Channelized DS1176None Channelized E117664

Channelized DS32216 (Frame Relay)Channelized E322None Compression Yes None Encryption

Yes None IBM Channel Connection 22

None

Redundancy Options

Redundancy.RSPs,Power Supplies,Fans;Hot Swappable Modules,Layer 2 and 3 Load Balancing, HSRP; distributed Layer 3 switching

Redundancy. Switch Fabrics, Route Processors, Power Supplies,Fans; Hot Swappable Modules, Layer 2 and 3 Load Balancing,HSRP; distributed Layer 3 switching

Key Platform Positioning Points

Catalyst 2900 XL Series

?Pure Ethernet environment

?Cost-effective wiring closet densities of less than 50 ports (10/100)

?Layer 2 switching only

?Primary drivers are low price per port, low densities, and easy management

Catalyst 3500 XL Series

?Pure Ethernet environment

?GB downlinks

?Cost effective in small/medium wiring closet densities up to 100 ports

?Scales up to 384 ports

Catalyst 2900 (2948G)

?Pure Ethernet environment

?Cost-effective 48 port

?Common command line/UI with Catalyst 4000

Catalyst 2948G-L3/4908G-L3

?Cost-effective Layer 2 and 3 switching for small backbones

?IOS routing support

Catalyst 4840G

?Cost-effective medium density Layer 2, 3, and 4 switching

?IOS server load balancing

?Wirespeed Network Address Translation (NAT)

?Firewall load balancing

Catalyst 4000 Family

?Pure Ethernet environment (choices are either 10/100 or Gigabit Ethernet)

?Cost-effective wiring closet densities of 100 to 240 10/100 ports

?Small server switch for densities of less than 20 servers (reserving two ports for uplinks)

?Layer 2/3 switching

?Layer 2/3 packet classi?cation

?Primary drivers are low price per port, medium/high Ethernet densities, gigabit scalability, easy management, multicast support, traf?c classi?cation, and Layer 3/QoS

?Convergence ready with integrated voice capabilities (future)

Catalyst 5000 Family

?Cost-effective densities for large wiring closets from 300-500+ ports

?Interface ?exibility of access media supporting 10BaseFL, 10/100TX, 100FX, and 10BaseTX

?Interface?exibility of backbone connectivity supporting Token Ring,ATM,Packet over Sonet(PoS),Fast Ethernet,Gigabit Ethernet,FEC, GEC, and even FDDI

?Layer 2, 3, and 4-based packet classi?cation

?Extensive Layer 3 services such as security, QoS, and traf?c management

?Multiprotocol environments

?High-availability environments

?Primary drivers are high wiring-closet densities,support for broad connectivity options,uplink scalability,multiprotocol support,Layer2, 3, and 4 traf?c classi?cation, and redundancy applications

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Catalyst 6000 Family

?Ethernet backbones and intelligent server switching environments requiring high-performance, cost-effective Web scaling technologies and very high densities of Fast or Gigabit Ethernet—up to 384 10/100, 192 100FX, and 130 Gigabit Ethernet ports

?High-performance ATM OC-12 connectivity

?High-performance switching and services for large wiring closets

?High-performance, scalable switching from 32 Gbps to 256 Gbps

?High-performance, multilayer switching from 6 Mpps to 150 Mpps for Layer 2, 3, and 4 switching and policy enforcement ?Extensive Layer 3 services such as security, QoS, and traf?c management

?Multiprotocol environments

?Large network support via BGP4 (supporting full Internet routes) and IS-IS

?Multicast support

?High-availability environments

?Primary drivers are very high 100/1000 Mbps Ethernet densities, scalable multilayer switching and services (security, routing, policy enforcement, and more), extensive QoS support, multiprotocol support, and high availability

?WAN integrated delivery extended connectivity to the large enterprise

?Convergence ready with integrated voice capabilities (future)

Catalyst 8500 Series

?Multiservice core backbones requiring a mix of high capacity routed interface types,especially for Gigabit Ethernet,ATM,and SONET ?High-density ATM and SONET support, scaling densities up to 64 T1/E1, 128 OC3, and 32 OC12

?Scalable wire-rate switching from 10 Gbps to 40 Gbps

?High-performance ATM switching up to OC-48

?Wire-rate, Layer 2, 3, and 4 switching from 6 Mpps to 24 Mpps

?Extensive Layer 3 services such as security, QoS, and traf?c management

?Multiprotocol environments

?Multicast support

?V oice and video support via ATM CES (direct PBX or CODEC connectivity)

?High-availability environments

?Primary drivers are wire-speed switching in multiservice network cores, extensive multilayer services (such as security, routing, and policy enforcement), a broad range of LAN/WAN connectivity options, extensive QoS and multiprotocol support, and high availability ?W AN interfaces including ATM, SONET, and Frame Relay

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Campus Design Examples

Figure 3

Large Campus Design

Medium-sized Campus Design

The midsize design is a scaled down model of the large design.In this case,three network tiers are collapsed into one,where the distribution and core layers are combined.The most appropriate choices for the access layer are the Catalyst 4000Family and 5000Family.The backbone platform can be either the Catalyst 6000 Family or 8500 Series, for a frame or ATM design.

Figure 4

Medium-Sized Campus Design

Access Layer

Distribution Layer Catalyst 4003/4006Catalyst 5000/5500/6000High densities of 10/100Low price/port

Intelligent Layer 2/3/4 services Packet classification, Admission Control, Access Control

Network Core

Server Aggregation Complex

Catalyst 6000/6500

Catalyst 6500Catalyst 8500

Catalyst 8500

Catalyst 4840G Catalyst 6000/6500

High densities of 100/GE Multilayer performance Policy enforcement Multicast support

Nonblocking multilayer switching Broad Layer 3/4 feature set Broad WAN interface support Support for Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, PoS, and Frame Relay

High densities of 100/GE Multilayer performace

Policy enforcement (security)QoS for multicast traffic High-Performance Server Load Balancing Web Caching

Traffic Accounting

Network Tier

Platform Key Attributes

Access Layer

Distribution/Network Core

Catalyst 2900/3500Catalyst 4003/4006Catalyst 5000/5500Catalyst 6000/6500

High densities of 10/100Low price/port

Intelligent Layer 2/3/4 services

Packet Classification, Admission Control,Access Control

Uplink flexibility with GE or ATM

Server Aggregation

Catalyst 6000/6500Catalyst 8500

Choice of Frame, SONET, or ATM Backbone

Frame: Catalyst 6000/6500SONET/ATM: Catalyst 8500

Scalability multilayer performance Policy enforcement (QoS, Security)Multicast support

Scales easily to larger campus designs

WAN connectivity handled by separate router (not shown)High densities of FE/GE Multilayer performace

Policy enforcement (security)QoS for multicast traffic

High-Performance Server Load Balancing Web Caching Traffic Accounting

Key Attributes

Platform

Network Tier

Catalyst 4840G Catalyst 6000/6500

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Small Campus

For small campus networks, only two switch tiers may be present. In this case, client densities may warrant a design that collapses the distribution,core,and server switching functions into a single-tier backbone.Depending on density and multilayer requirements in the wiring closet, either the Catalyst 2900 Series, Catalyst 3500 Family, 4000 Family, or 5000 Family can be deployed for low-end, midrange, and high-density wiring-closet switching solutions, respectively. All provide excellent 10/100 price/port. The Catalyst 4000 and 5000 Families support Gigabit Ethernet and Gigabit EtherChannel for uplinks to the backbone. The Catalyst 4000 and 5000 Families also support packet classi?cation based on Layer 2 and Layer 2, 3, and 4, respectively.

Both the Catalyst 6000Family and 8500Series switches deliver scalable multilayer switching for the small-campus backbone,but each addresses different connectivity options.The Catalyst 6000Family delivers exceptional Gigabit Ethernet densities and supports FEC,GEC,and multi-module channeling for even higher bandwidth links.The Catalyst 8500Series is targeted at environments requiring a broad range of connectivity options, especially ATM, SONET, and W AN interfaces.

Figure 5

Small Campus Design

Summary

Campus solutions are now available that address a broad set of design criteria including density, availability, breadth of interfaces, and multilayer performance. The Cisco Catalyst Family, which includes the 2900 XL Series, 2900 Series, 3500 XL Series, 4000 Family, 5000Family, 6000 Family, and 8500 Series, offers network managers and information technology professionals the tools they need to cost-effectively deploy and manage scalable, high-performance campus networks.

Figure 6

Catalyst Solutions for Campus Networks

Access Layer

Combined Distribution/Core/Server Aggregation

Catalyst 2900/3500Catalyst 4003/4006Catalyst 5000/5500Usually Layer 2

Low price/port is a key driver

Catalyst 4840G Catalyst 4908G-L3Catalyst 6000/6500Catalyst 6500 only

Layer 3 support for broadbcast suppression, security, and more WAN connectivity handled by separate router (not shown)High-Performance Server Load Balancing Web Caching

Traffic Accounting

Network Tier

Platform

Key Attributes

Wiring Closet

Catalyst 29xx < 48 ports Catalyst 4xxx < 100 ports Catalyst 5xxx > 240 ports

C5xxx

C29xx C4xxx

C4xxx

10/100 Mbps 10/100 Mbps 10/100 Mbps Main Frame

Catalyst 6xxx - Backbone (100/1000)

Catalyst 8500 - Multiservice Core (100/1000, ATM, PoS, and WAN)

ATM

C7xxx

Cisco 7500

LS1010/IGX 8400

C7xxx

C6500

Campus Backbone

Data Center

WAN

C6500

C8500

Core

Distribution

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