2016年中考英语试题专题练习：名词的词义辨析

2016年全国中考英语试题专题练习：名词的词义辨析

1、（2016?黑龙江）The Belt and Road Initiative （一带一路倡议）will help China improve with those related countries，especially Pakistan．（ ）

A．relationship B．agreement

C．environment

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】一带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些（沿线）相关国家的关系，尤其是巴基斯坦．

【解答】答案：A；relationship关系；联系；agreement协定，协议；environment环境，外界；根据常识，一带一路倡议将会加强与沿线国家的关系；故根据句中信息The Belt and Road Initiative （一带一路倡议）will help China improve…with those related countries，especially Pakistan，推测该句句意：带一路倡议将帮助中国改善与那些（沿线）相关的国家的关系，尤其是巴基斯坦．故选A．

2、（2016?齐齐哈尔）-Can you tell me the of the novel？

-Yes，of course， is Mo Yan．（ ）

A．name，He B．writer，It C．name，It

【考点】名词的词义辨析；人称代词．

【分析】-你能告诉我这部小说的作者吗？

-是的，当然可以，它是莫言．

【解答】答案：B；根据答语Yes，of course，…is Mo Yan；推测上句句意：你能告诉我这部小说的作者吗？答语中的it指代小说的作者"writer of the novel"故选B．

3、（2016?连云港）-It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language．-Yes，it's a major way of _____ for them．（ ）

A．suggestion B．vacation

C．production D．communication

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-聋人学习手语是很有用的．

-是的，这是他们交流的一种主要方式．

【解答】答案：D；suggestion建议；vacation假期；production产品；communication交流；根据上句It's useful for the deaf people to learn sign language．推测下句句意：这是他们交流的一种主要方式；故选D．

4、（2016?宜昌）---The Chinese scientist Tu Youyou won the 2015Nobel Prize．

---Her has saved millions of lives across the world．（ ）A．victory B．story C．discovery D．industry

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】--中国科学家屠呦呦获得了2015年诺贝尔奖．

--她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命．

【解答】答案：C．

首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：胜利；B：故事；C：发现；D：工业；联系她发现了青蒿素，根据语境和设空处后面的saved推测后面一句话的句意是"她的发现挽救了世界上数以百万人的生命．"，由此判断句子中缺少"发现"一词，故答案为C．

5、（2016?咸宁）--Tu Youyou recerved the Nobel Prize for her________of anemisinin（青蒿素）．

--And she was the first Chinese who won the prize in science．（ ）A．design B．thought C．invention D．discovery

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】--屠呦呦因为青蒿素的发现而获得了诺贝尔奖．

--她是在科学方面获奖的第一位中国人．

【解答】答案：D．

首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：设计；B：思想；C：发明；D：发现；注意invention与discovry的区别，前者指创造的前所未有的东西，后者强调发现已经存在的事物；根据语境推测句意是"屠呦呦因为青蒿素的发现而获得了诺贝尔奖．"，由此判断句子中缺少"发现"一词，故答案为D．

6、（2016?咸宁）--Michael，how much do you know about_________？--people usually eat rice dumplings to remember Qu Yuan．（ ）A．the Mid-Autumn Festival

B．the Spring Festival

C．the Dragon Boat Festival

D．the Lantern Festival

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】--Michael，关于端午节你了解多少？

--人们通常吃粽子来纪念屈原．

【解答】答案：C

首先明确选项中个节日的意思，A：中秋节；B：春节；C：端午节；D：元宵节；根据答语的句意"人们通常吃粽子来纪念屈原．"，判断问句中提到的节日是端午节，故答案为C．

7、（2016?盐城）Life is like riding a bicycle．To keep your ，you must keep moving．（ ）

A．promise B．position C．balance D．ability

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】人生就像骑自行车，为了保持平衡，你必须不断前进．

【解答】答案：C；promise许诺；position位置；balance平衡；ability能力；根据上句Life is like riding a bicycle．推测下句句意：为了保持平衡，你必须不断前进．故选C．

8、（2016?永州）I think eating ____is good for health （ ）A．tomatoes B．bananaes C．egges

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】我认为吃西红柿对健康有益．

【解答】答案：A

题干是"我认为吃______对健康有益"，设空处单词如果是可数名词，应使用复数形式，选项B和C中的名词变复数应该在词尾直接加"-s"，tomato的复数形式是加"-es"，故选A．

9、（2016?西宁）A smart phone makes a big _______ to our life．（ ）

A．difference B．decision C．progress D．prediction

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】一部智能手机给我们的生活带来很大的影响．

【解答】答案：A；difference不同；decision决定；progress进步；prediction预言；根据句中的A smart phone makes a big _______ to our life 推测该句句意：一个智能手机给我们的生活带来很大的影响．make a big difference=make much difference 造成很大差别；故选A．

10、（2016?泰州）-What____will you get after winning the competition in the programme Stay to the end（一站到底）？

-A free trip to Bali Island．（ ）

A．award B．attention C．advice D．ability

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-在《一站到底》这个节目中赢了比赛你会得到什么奖品？

-去巴厘岛的免费旅行．

【解答】答案：A

award奖品；attention注意；advice建议；ability能力；根据after winning the competition及A free trip to Bali Island．可知此处应为奖品，故选A．11、（2016?济南）-Mike，what club do you want to join？

-Well，I want to join the club．I love painting．（ ）

A．chess B．sports C．art D．English

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】Mike，你想参加什么俱乐部？--我想参加美术俱乐部．我喜欢绘画．

【解答】答案：C 根据其后的"I love painting．"（我喜欢绘画），可知我是对美术方面感兴趣的．故我想参加的是美术俱乐部．chess棋；sports运动；art美术；English英语．故选C．

12、（2016?云南）If you don't know the to the science museum，here is

a map of the city．（ ）

A．date B．way C．price D．time

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】如果你不知道去科学博物馆的路，这儿有一张城市地图．

【解答】答案：B；date日期；way道路；price价格；time时间；根据后面句意here is a map of the city推测上句句意：如果你不知道去科学博物馆的路；故选B．

13、（2016?荆州）-Can you tell me some about the Brazil Olympic Games？

-OK．Let me help you search the Internet．（ ）

A．service B．information

C．discussion D．success

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗？

-好的，让我帮你上网搜索一下．

【解答】答案：B；service服务；information信息；discussion讨论；success成功；根据答语Let me help you search the Internet；推测上述问句：你能告诉我一些关于巴西奥运会的信息吗？故选B

14、（2016?齐齐哈尔）The mobile phone sells for￥5，000，it is much more than its real ．（ ）

A．cost B．value C．price

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】手机的售价为5000元，它比它的实际价值多的多．

【解答】答案：B；cost花费；value价值；price价格；根据上句The mobile phone sells for￥5，000手机的售价为5000元；推测下句句意：它比它的实际价值多的多；故选B．

15、（2016?东营）Great ______ for football lovers-more than 50，

000soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025．（ ）A．news B．message

C．situation D．information

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】足球爱好者的好消息：2025年前我国将会建立5万多所足球学校．

【解答】答案：A；A．news新闻，消息；B．message消息，信息；C．situation情境，形式；D．information消息，信息．Message，information是有关某事物的信息；news则指大的消息，新闻．根据句中的"2025年前我国将会建立50，000多所足球学校"可知是重大的新闻消息，用news．故选A

16、（2016?厦门）---The milk shake tastes good．How do you make it？---It's easy，just follow the______．（ ）

A．discussions B．instructions

C．resolutions

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-奶昔的味道很好，你是怎么做的？

-这很容易，只要按照操作指南（去做）．

【解答】答案：B；discussions商讨；instructions指示；操作指南；用法说明；resolutions解决；根据上句How do you make it？可知是询问制作奶昔的方法，推测答语应是按照操作指南（去做）．故选B

17、（2016?阜康市）He has much ____as an engineer．So he can build the bridge successfully．（ ）

A．balance B．experience C．surface D．service

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】他有做工程师的很多经验，所以他能成功地建这座桥．

【解答】答案：B；balance平衡；experience经验；surface表面；service 服务；根据下句句意So he can build the bridge successfully推测上句句意：他有做工程师的很多经验；故选B．

18、（2016?黄冈）-Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony？

-Sure，Mom will be mad if she sees this _________，I think．（ ）A．matter B．mess C．trouble D．difficulty

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-Tony，你可以把垃圾带出去并且洗洗碗吗？

-当然，如果妈妈看到这么混乱的话，我认为她会生气的．

【解答】答案：B；matter事件；mess混乱；trouble麻烦；difficulty困难；根据上句Could you take out the rubbish and do the dishes，Tony，结合答语中的Sure，Mom will be mad 推测后面的句意：如果妈妈看到这么混乱的话；故选B．

19、（2016?鄂州）--Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies？

--Please follow the ______ on the cookbook．（ ）

A．direction B．attention

C．introduction D．instruction

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你能给我出示一种做美味饼干的方法吗？

-请按照食谱的指示（做）．

【解答】答案：D；direction方向；attention注意；introduction介绍；instruction说明；根据上句Could you show me the method of cooking the tasty cookies？推测下句句意：请按照食谱的指示（做）．故选D

20、（2016?济南）-Excuse me．Is there a near here？I want to buy some drinks．

-Yes．Go along the street，and it's on your left．（ ）

A．zoo B．school

C．supermarket D．museum

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-劳驾，这附近有超市吗？我想买些饮料？

-有的，沿着这条街走，它就在你的左边．

【解答】答案：C；zoo动物园；school学校；supermarket超市；museum 博物馆；根据句中信息I want to buy some drinks．推测上句句意：这附近有超市吗？故选C

21、（2016?东营）-Why do people never cut up the _______________ on their birthdays？

-Because they are a symbol of long life．（ ）

A．eggs B．cakes C．noodles D．dumplings

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-生日时为什么人们从来不切断面条？

-因为他们是长寿的象征．

【解答】答案：C

egg鸡蛋；cake蛋糕；noodle面条；dumpling饺子；长寿面是长寿的象征，所以此处指的是面条，故选C．

22、（2016?漳州）-What's your favorite ，Julia？

-I like spring best．（ ）

A．movie B．season C．weather

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你最喜欢哪个季节，Julia？

-我最喜欢春季．

【解答】答案：B；movie电影；season季节；weather天气；根据答语I like spring best；可知上句是询问"喜欢什么季节"的；故选B．

23、（2016?十堰）As we all know，Wudang Mountain is the ____of Shiyan．（ ）

A．proud B．pride C．progress D．purpose

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】大家都知道，武当山是十堰的骄傲．

【解答】答案：B；proud自豪的，形容词；pride骄傲，名词；progress 进步，名词；purpose目的，名词；根据常识，武当山被称为"亘古无双胜境，天下第一仙山"．它是十堰的骄傲；根据句中信息is the ____of Shiyan可知，该词用名词形式；故选B．

24、（2016?德州）Bill will be a/an ___________ to interview the football players in the coming Rio 2016 Olympics．（ ）

A．guest B．reporter C．tourist D．engineer

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】在即将到来的2016年里约奥运会上Bill将成为一名记者去采访足球运动员．

【解答】答案：B

guest客人；reporter记者；tourist游客；engineer工程师；根据to interview the football players可知此处应填记者，故选B

25、（2016?随州）Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home because he wanted to give them a_______．（ ）

A．note B．surprise C．call D．gift

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】Peter没有告诉父母他要回家，因为他想给他们一个惊喜．

【解答】答案：B

note便条；surprise惊讶；call电话；gift礼物；根据Peter did't tell his parents that he was going home可知他想给父母一个惊喜，故选B

26、（2016?齐齐哈尔）-What do you like？

-I like playing tennis and running．（ ）

A．subjects B．music C．sports

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你喜欢什么运动？

-我喜欢打网球和跑步．

【解答】答案：C

subject科目；music音乐；sport运动；根据 tennis and running可知问的是运动类的喜好，故选C．

27、（2016?丹东）-What kind of noodles would you like？

-I'd like some ______ noodles．（ ）

A．carrots B．beef C．potatoes D．vegetables

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你想要什么样的面条？

-我想要一些牛肉面．

【解答】答案：B

carrot胡萝卜，potato土豆，vegetable蔬菜，三者皆为可数名词；beef牛肉，不可数名词；此处作noodles的定语，要用可数名词单数或不可数名词，故选B．

28、（2016?淮安）Lily often helps her mother do some cooking in the ______．（ ）

A．kitchen B．garden C．bathroom D．bedroom

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】Lily经常在厨房里帮妈妈做饭．

【解答】答案：A

kitchen厨房；garden花园；bathroom浴室；bedroom卧室；根据helps her mother do some cooking 可知做饭是在厨房，故选A．

29、（2016?包头）一The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive．

一Don't worry．You can enjoy yourself．It's my ．（ ）A．time B．task C．treat D．taste

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-这家餐馆的菜一定很贵．

-别担心，你可以尽情享用，我请客．

【解答】答案：C

time时间；task任务；treat款待；taste味道；根据The dishes in this restaurant must be very expensive．可知对方对菜的价格很担忧，所以此处要消除其顾虑，主动请客，It's my treat．我请客．故选C

30、（2016?安徽）Cathy has such a good_____that she won many prizes in singing competitions last year．（ ）

A．sleep B．idea C．voice D．time

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】Cathy有这么好的声音，她在去年的歌唱比赛中赢得了许多奖项．

【解答】答案：C；sleep睡觉，动词；睡眠，名词；idea主意，名词；voice声音，名词；time时间；名词；根据句中后面信息she won many prizes in singing competitions last year推测句中指的是Cathy有这么好的声音；故选C．

31、（2016?重庆）---It's hot today．Have some ________，please．

---No，thanks．I'm not thirsty at all．（ ）

A．water B．potatoes C．bread D．cakes

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】---今天天气很热．请喝些水吧．

---不，谢谢．我一点也不渴．

【解答】答案：A

根据选项的意思water"水"；potato"土豆"；bread"面包"；cake"蛋糕"，结合答语No，thanks．I'm not thirsty at all"不，谢谢．我一点也不渴．"可推知在上文中对方让他喝点东西，故选A

32、（2016?青岛）Nancy took her temperature and found she had a ______．（ ）

A．cough B．toothache C．cold D．fever

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-南希量了体温并且发现她发烧了．

【解答】答案：D

解析：由题目中看出南希量了体温，很容易知道她是发烧了，以下四个选项中只有D是发烧的意思A．cough咳嗽B．toothache牙疼C．cold感冒 D．fever发烧，故选D．

33、（2016?苏州）Steve Jobs was full of -always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society．（ ）

A．instruction B．invitation

C．introduction D．invention

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】史蒂夫?乔布斯富有发明创造力，总是产生一些导致社会发生巨大变化的新想法．

【解答】答案：D；instruction教诲；invitation邀请；introduction介绍；invention发明；根据句中信息always coming up with new ideas which led to great changes in society推知上句句意：史蒂夫?乔布斯富有发明创造力；故选D．

34、（2016?滨州）-Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou？

-Yes，she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great ．（ ）

A．surprise B．achievement

C．education D．satisfaction

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你知道科学家屠呦呦吗？

-是的，由于她的伟大成就她嬴得了2015年的诺贝尔医学奖．

【解答】答案：B

surprise惊讶；achievement成就；education教育；satisfaction满意；赢得诺贝尔奖的人一定是有巨大成就的，故选B．

35、（2016?重庆）It's cold today．Take your______ with you when you go out．（ ）

A．knife B．coat C．brush D．key

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】今天天气很冷．当你外出时带上你的外套．

【解答】答案：B 根据It's cold today可知，今天很冷，出门要带上外套；又知knife意为"小刀"；coat意为"外套，上衣"；brush意为"刷子"；key意为"钥匙"．所以此处应用coat．故选B．

36、（2016?福州）-Who is the person you admire the most？

-Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles．He is the ______ of China．（ ）

A．leader B．pride C．voice

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-你最崇拜的人是谁？

-中国导弹之父钱学森，他是中国的骄傲．

【解答】答案：B；leader领导者；pride骄傲；voice嗓音；根据句中信息-Qian Xuesen，the Father of China's Missiles推知后面额句意：他是中国的骄傲；故选B

37、（2016?达州）---Why did Lucy look unhappy？

---Because she was so careless that she made many spelling____in her homework．（ ）

A．friends B．plans C．decisions D．mistakes

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】-为什么Lucy看起来不高兴？

-应为她是如此粗心以至于她的作业犯了很多拼写错误．

【解答】答案：D；friend朋友；plan计划；decision决定；mistake错误；根据句中信息she was so careless推测后面的句意：她的作业犯了很多拼写错误；故选D．

38、（2016?江西）Some old people need a _______ because they feel lonely．（ ）

A．gift B．stick C．pet D．watch

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】一些老人需要一个宠物因为他们感到孤独．

【解答】答案：C

根据选项的意思A、礼物；B、拐杖；C、宠物；D、手表，结合句子的意思是由于老人感觉孤单，因此推知需要有宠物陪伴．故选C

39、（2016?山西）During the next few days，I decide to have a good _______ by taking a walk or seeing a movie．I really need to relax．（ ）

A．meal B．sleep C．rest

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】在接下来的几天里，我决定好好休息一下，散散步或看看电影．我真的需要放松．

【解答】答案：C．

首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：一餐；B：睡眠；C：休息；根据语境推测句意是"在接下来的几天里，我决定好好休息一下，散散步，看看电影．我真的需要放松．"，由此判断句子中缺少"休息"一词，have a good rest为固定短语，好好休息．故答案为C．

40、（2016?河南）--Are you going out with Jade tonight？

--That's my ．Mind your own!（ ）

A．offer B．business C．question D．chance

【考点】名词的词义辨析．

【分析】--今天晚上你要和Jade出去吗？

--这是我的事情，管好你自己的事吧！

【解答】答案：B．

首先明确选项中名词的意思，A：提议；B：事情；C：问题；D：机会；根据语境推测答语句意是"这是我的事情，管好你自己的事吧！"，

由此判断句子中缺少"事情"一词，故答案为B．

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