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人教版新目标初中英语语法大全

人教版新目标初中英语语法大全
人教版新目标初中英语语法大全

人教版新目标初中英语语法大全

初中英语语法学习提纲

词类、句子成分和构词法:

一、词类:英语词类分十种:名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.

7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

二、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:

I?m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)

2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:

Jack clean s the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:

My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。

如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。

间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:

He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:

He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如:

Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。

如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。

如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)

The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里?)

三、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2、派生法:

(1)派生名词:①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness

⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness,

carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容词:①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly

⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩

国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting,

follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副词:①形容词+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully,

good→well, possible→possibly等等。

3、转换法:

(1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净

的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

(2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

(4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

(6)介词→副词,如:in(在里面;在家),on(在…上)等等。

名词

一、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称的第一

个字母要大写。Beijing, Tom, the People…s Republic of China(中华人民共和国) 专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城) 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot. 普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如:box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .

英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches. [注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格:1、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加?s。

如:Childern…s Day(儿童节), my sister…s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加?。

如:Teachers… Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加…s. 如:

Today?s newspaper(今天的报纸),

ten minutes… break(十分钟的课间休息),

China?s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。

如:a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

[注解]:

① ?s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt?s(我阿姨家), the doctor…s(诊所)

②两人共有某物时,可以采用A and B?s 的形式,如:

Lucy and Lily…s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:

a friend of my Fat her?s(我父亲的一位朋友),

a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:A谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:

The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)

The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

B集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, ①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:

Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) ②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,

如:Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图)

C Japanese, Chinese,fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:

There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) /

There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

D、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

E、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. :who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如): 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

人教版新目标英语初中全单词

新目标初中英语单词七年级上学期单词表 Unit 1 my pron.我的 name n.名字 is v.是 name's name is 之略 clock n.时钟 I pron.我 am v.是 I'm I am之略 nice adj.好的;令人愉快的 to part.不定式符号 prep.向;朝;至;达meet v.遇见;相逢 you pron.你;你们 what pron. &adj.什么 what's = what is your pron.你的;你们的 hello int.(表示问候)喂 hi int.(表示问候或打招呼)嗨 his pron.他的 and conj.和;又;而且 her pron.她的 question n.问题;难题;询问;疑问answer n.问答;答复;答案 look v.看;望;看起来 n.看;注视 first num.第一 first name 名字 last adj.最后的;上一个的 last name 姓氏 boy n.男孩 girl n.女孩 zero num.&n.零 one num.&pron.一(用来代替单数的人或物)two num.二 three num.三 four num.四 five num.五 six num.六 seven num.七 eight num.八 nine num.九 telephone n.电话number n.数;数字 telephone number 电话号码 phone n.电话;电话机 phone number 电话号码 it pron.它 it's it is 它的 card n.卡;卡片;纸牌 ID card (ID=identification)身份证family n.家;家庭 family name 姓氏 Unit 2 this pron.&adj.这;这个 pencil n.铅笔 pen n.钢笔 book n.书 eraser n.橡皮;铅笔擦;黑板擦 ruler n.尺;直尺 case n.箱;盒;橱 pencil case 铅笔盒;文具盒 backpack n.双肩背包 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀;铅笔刀dictionary n.字典;词典 that pron.&adj.那;那个 yes adv.(表示肯定)是 no adv.(表示否定)不;不是 not adv.(构成否定形式)不是 isn't is not 不是 excuse v.原谅;宽恕 excuse me 请原谅 thank v.感谢 OK adj.好;不错 in prep.用(表示方法,媒介,工具等)English n.英语;英文 a art.一个(只,把,台……) how adv.(指程度)多么;何等;怎样 do v.&aux.(助动词无意义)做;干;行动spell v.拼写 baseball n.棒球 watch n.手表 computer n.电脑;电子计算机

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新版人教版新目标英语八年级上册全册教学设计全册教案

英语教学设计 年级 学科 授课人 学年度第学期 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Period 1 Section A (1a-2d) 一、教学目标: 1. 语言知识和能力目标: 1) 能掌握以下单词:anyone, anywhere, wonderful, quite a few, etc 能掌握以下句型: ①—Where did you go on vacation? —I went to the mountains. ②—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 2) 能了解以下语法: —复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。—yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。 3)一般过去时态的特殊疑问句,一般疑问句及其肯定、否定回答。 2. 情感态度价值观目标: 学会用一般过去时进行信息交流,培养学生的环保意识,热爱大自然。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点: 1) 用所学的功能语言交流假期去了什么旅行。 2) 掌握本课时出现的新词汇。 2. 教学难点: 1) 复合不定代词someone, anyone, something, anything等的用法。 2) yourself, myself等反身代词的用法。

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