新编英语教程5 练习册答案

Answer the following questions from the texts:

Unit 1:

1．Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?

So with language firmly and exactly.

2. what does the word “this” in sentence 1,para 2, refer to?

Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.

3．Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?”

The question sounds irrational, but is true. Unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts, we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are. Without words, our thoughts can not be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.

4. expain why the w ord “imprison” in the example given in para.9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose?“malapropism”means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as “human” for “humane”, “singularity” for “singleness”. But the misuse of imprison is different case, it is wrongly chosen because the user has failed to recognise its associations.

5.Please make comments on the three pairs of examples given in this section.

Compare and contrast their differences in meaning.

human: of, or relating to man. (human being;

human nature; human rights)

humane: characterized by kindness, mercy,

or compassion. (humane judge,

humane officer)

Human action = action taken by human;

Humane action = merciful action;

Human killer = person that kills human;

Humane killer = instruments which kill but cause little pain, esp. those for the painless killing of animals.

6. what does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para.9)mean?

Sensitive, alert.

7. the writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. indentify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.

“we don’t have to look far afield to find the evidence of carpentry”(para.5)

“it is perhaps easier to be a good craftman with wood and nail than a good craftsman with words.”(para.9)

“a good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the “mot juste”, the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.”(para.11)

Unit 3:

1. In the Hoffmann’s opinion “simplicity”is the best word to describe the essense of Einstein’s character. The abstract notion of simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it?

“going instinctively to the heart of a matter”

2. from the two anecdotes related in paras.2-4, what impression of Einstein have you got?

Einstein was a very modest, never thinking himself any superior to or more authoritative than others because of his fame and achievements as a great scientist of the time.

3. what, according to the author, is Einstein’s most outstanding trait as a scientist?

Concentration. Refer to the first sentence of Paragraph 9.

4. why did Einstein insist on working hard when he was so badly shaken by his wife’s death?

Working hard requires concentration, which would help him to dispel the feeling of sorrow.

5. how do you interpret the sentence in para.11 “to help him, I steeered the discussion away from routine matters into more difficult theoretical problems”? Tackling more difficult theoretical problems requires greater concentration and absorption. This would help him temporarily forget the sadness caused by his wife’s death..

6. what revelation is made through Einstein’s comment on Beethoven and Mozart’s works?

As a simple man, Einstein takes it that beauty exists in the Universe. Such beauty is natural, pure, and simple. Beauty found is even greater and more admirable than beauty created.

7. how did Einstein feel about the destructive effect produced as a result of the application of his E=mc2 formula?

This is something he had not expected. He was greatly dismayed by the devastating effect his formula produced once it was put into application.

8.with his favorite anecdote related in para.19, Hoffmann aims to illustrate Einstein’s whimsically. Do you think he is really a whimsical man? What personality trait other than being whimsical is revealed here?

He was not really a whimsical man. If he could be called a whimsical man, then his whimsicality came from the young heart and childlike innocence which he had managed to retain.

Unit 4

1.how do you account for Harrington’s use n para.2 of the first person singular,

which is not found anywhere else in the passage?

To enforce his assertion that the other America did exist though most Americans might not believe it just because they had never been there personally. What Harrington is trying to say is “I myself was once ignorant of its existence, but now

I can prove to you that it does exist.”

2.what, according to Harrington, has rendered poverty less visible in rural

America?

Refer to paras.4-5

Rural poverty is hidden away from tourists who normally travel on highways without penetrating into the country, and sometimes is masked by its natural beauty.

3.how has urban development contributed to the reduced awareness of the

existence of the poor?

Refer to paras.8-10

Urban transformation leads to the distributional segregation of poverty, and urban renewal creates the false impression about the existence of the poor.

4.what have mass-production and age to do with the invisiblity of poverty?

Refer to paras.11-14

Mass production of garments enables even the poor to be decently dressed. Most poor people are aged; they are less mobile and thus less visible.

5.how do you understand the statement “the poor are politically invisble”?

politically, the poor are not adequately represented; and their voice is not heard an attended to in the political life of the nation.

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新编英语教程第五册课后练习题答案 Answers to the exercises in Unit 1 II. Paraphrase 1.A writer who is particular about the exactness of an expression in English will never feel happy with a word which fails to express an idea accurately. 2. To a certain extent, the process of finding the right words to use is a process of perfection where you try to search for words that may most accurately express your thoughts and feelings, and words that may most effectively make your listeners and readers understand your thoughts and feelings. 3. Finding the most suitable word to use is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight we shall experience when such a word is located. 4. Once we are able to use language accurately, we are in a position to fully understand our subject matter. III. Translate 1.After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point. 2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project. 3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention. 4. His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems. 5. The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet. 6. It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise. 7. Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely. 8. Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet. Language Work III. 1. clumsy-unskillful 2. deft-skilful 3. loose-vague 4. subtle-tricky 5. precise-accurate 6. shift-alteration 7. vague-ambiguous 8. scrupulous-conscientious 9. ignorance-want of knowledge 10. disadvantages-drawbacks 11. cultivating-developing 12. mistaken-erroneous 13.unimportant-trivial 14. dark-dim 15. flexible-adaptable 16. fine-subtle 17. sentimental-emotional 18. essence-quintessence 19. coercion-compulsion 20. fascinating-absorbing

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Unit One 1.在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。(drive sth. home) After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point. 2. 差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。(more or less) It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project. 3.他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。(subtle) What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention. 4.他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。(squarely) His new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems. 5.今日的年轻一代对互联网上的最新信息很关注。(be alive to) The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet. 6.外语是不是在童年更容易学好？这是一个观点问题。(a matter of) It is a matter of opinion whether a fo reign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise. 7. 在挫折面前千万不要丧失信心；鼓起勇气坚定不移地去克服它。(take courage) Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely. 8. 适量的米饭、肉类、蔬菜、水果构成均衡的饮食。(constitute) Adequate amounts of rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet. Unit Two

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Comprehension I. Judge which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the article. A. To be able to use the right word is an important component of one’s mastery of the English language. B. To facilitate one’s own process of cognition and one’s communication with others, one must be able to choose the right word from the extensive vocabulary of the English language. C. It is more important to know exactly the meaning and use of a relatively small number of words than to know vaguely a larger number. II. Determine which is the best choice for each of the following questions. 1. “Clean English” in the first paragraph mea ns . A. English of a dignified style B. English free from swear words C. English which is precise and clear 2.The word “realization” in the sentence “Choosing words is part of the process of realization…” means . A. articulating sounds B. fulfilling one’s goals C. becoming aware of what one thinks and feels

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1. After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point. 在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。 2. It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project. 差不多花了半年功夫，我们才完成了那个研究项目。 3. What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention. 他说的话如此微妙，我们很难理解他的真实意图。 4. his new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems. 他的新书一针见血地审视了当代的社会问题。 prostitution. 吸毒几乎毫无例外地和盗窃，卖淫联系在一起。 6. This golf club is not open to the public; it serves exclusively VIP club members. 这个高尔夫俱乐部不对外开放，只为VIP会员服务。 7.In vying for the king's affection and favour, the imperial concubines resorted to every means possible. 为讨得皇帝的欢心，这几个皇妃无所不为。 8. He was bitten by a dog when a child, so he has been wary of dogs ever since. 他小时候被狗咬过，所以对狗一直有点戒心。

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Unit 1 III. 1.After citing many facts and giving a number of statistical figures, he finally drove home his point. 2.It took us half a year more or less to carry through the research project. 3.What he said was so subtle that we could hardly make out his true intention. 4.his new book looks squarely at the contemporary social problems. 5.The younger generation today are very much alive to the latest information found on the Internet. 6.It is a matter of opinion whether a foreign language is more easily learned in one’s childhood or otherwise. 7.Never lose heart in the face of a setback; take courage and deal with it squarely. 8.Rice, meat, vegetables, and fruit constitute a balanced diet. Unit 2 III. 1.One man’s effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situation. 2.When do you think the new IT(information technology) regulations will take effect? 3.The chances of winning a prize in a lottery are slim; perhaps only a one-in-a-hundred chance. 4.It is deplorable that many a youngster has fallen victim to the use of drugs. 5.There is virtually no one who is in favour of his proposal. 6.Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face. 7.Don’t touch the bag! The explosive in it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk. 8.He looked quite confident about the job, though some doubts lurked in the depth of his mind. Unit 3 III. 1.He honked his car horn to alert the pedestrians. 2.The fast development of Information Technology is an outstanding example of human endeavour. 3.Mary groped for the appropriate words to express her indebtedness to her teacher. 4.The school principal’s plain words conveyed a message of challenge to the young people. 5.Don’t tamper with the wires, or you may cause a short circuit. 6.He thought he could beat everyone at the competition, but his excessive

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新编英语教程4课后练习答案【完整版】

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