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高级英语二复习总结

高级英语二复习总结
高级英语二复习总结

Paraphrase

Lesson1

1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.

?More than any other human activities, conversation helps to promote an agreeable, pleasant and informal relationship among people.

2. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.

?The new ruling class had caused the cultural contradictions between the ruling class and native English by regarding French superior to English.

3.English had come royally into its own.

?English had gained recognition by the King.

Lesson2

1. The burying--ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot.

?The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth, looking like a deserted construction land

2. They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.

They are born. Then they work hard without enough food for a few years. Finally they die and are buried in the hills graves without any mark to identify them. Lesson3

1. We dare not tempt them with weakness

?We dare not be weak because it might tempt the enemy to take rash actions.

2.We p ledge… is right

?We will help them only if they also do their bit. Kennedy wants people to believe that the United States renders unselfish and disinterested aid to countries that need it.

3.This much we pledge--and more.

This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.

Lesson5

1. The slighted mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged...

At the very mention of this postwar period ,middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly.

Lesson6

1.Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste

?Nowadays New York cannot understand nor follow the taste of the American people and is often in disagreement with American politics.

2.No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends

?Since New York is no longer looked up to or copied as the undisputed fashion authority, it now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America, that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and commonness.

3.To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.

?A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety (because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition); a person who loses has to live among the defeated, who are in the majority in New York.

4.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.

?In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable

5.He is hopeless provincial

—He will always be a New Yorker. His attitude towards and his love for New York will never change

New York … is the spoil er of all other American cities

—New York has spoiled all the other American cities for him.

Figures of speech

Lesson1

1.As it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glow

A mixed metaphor

2.the king’s English slip and slide

Metaphor&alliteration

toslide on a slippery surface, to lose footing, hence to make a mistake, fall into error. The English one uses is no longer absolutely correct.

Lesson2

1.I am not... to a fact

Understatement

It is true that Orwell has been pointing out facts. These facts and their

presentation, however, help to denounce the inhuman system of colonialism.

2.as the storks ... or iron wheels

Clumping, clatter: Onomatopoeia.

Describing the sound of boots and iron wheels as they moved over the road Lesson3

1.end as well as beginning…renewal as well as change

Antithesis

end -- the end of Eisenhower's presidential term

beginning -- the beginning of Kennedy’s presidential term

renewal ---- the continuation of presidency and office of president

change -- the change from Eisenhower to Kennedy

2.United…Divided…

Antithesis

“Divided” is balanced against “ United” and “ little we can do” against “ little we cannot do”.

Lesson6

1.New York was never Mecca to me

Metaphor & metonymy

The author compares New York to Mecca; and Mecca is standing for a place of holy pilgrimage, of a place one yearns to go.

2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor… from humanity

T ransferred epithet

not the view but the rich businessmen are “condescending”. These rich businessmen looking down patronizingly from their offices high up on the fiftieth floor of a skyscraper cannot feel they have anything in common with the crowd of ordinary people walking in the streets below

3.So much of well-to-do America…the world.

Synecdoche, “well-to-do” standing for “many rich people in America”Metaphor, comparing the secluded residential area of the rich to an enclave

英译汉

Lesson 1

1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no on

e has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. The enemy o

f good conversation is the person who has “somethin

g to say.” Conversation i s not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the ar gument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conve rsationalists are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdotes, but in a flas

h the conversation has moved on and the opportun ity is lost. They are ready to let it go.

闲谈的引人入胜之处就在于它没有一个事先设定好的主题。它时而迂回前进,时而奔腾起伏,时而火花四射,时而热情洋溢,话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。感觉“有话想说”的人是一个“完美闲谈”的最大敌人。闲谈不是为了争论,尽管争论常常是闲聊的一部分,不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲谈之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上,真正的闲聊高手往往是随时准备让步的。他们也许会偶然间觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲,但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了,插话的机会随之丧失,它们也就听之任之了。

2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversati on has a charm of its own. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other?s lives. They are companions, not intimates. The fact that their marriages may be on the roc k, or that their love affairs have broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other?s lives or the re cesses of their thoughts and feelings.

或许是从小混迹于英国小酒吧的缘故吧,我觉得酒馆里的闲聊是别有韵味的。

酒馆里的朋友们对彼此的生活毫不了解,他们只是临时的伙伴,相互之间并无深交。这些人之中,也许有人的婚姻面临破裂,有人恋爱受挫,有人碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿,但这些都无关紧要。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样,虽然朝夕相处,却从来不过问彼此的私事,也不去打探别人内心的秘密

3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. There were affirmations and pr otests and denials, and of course the promise, made in all such conversation, that we would look it up on the morning. That would settle it; but conversation does not nee d to be settled; it could still go ignorantly on.

此语一出,谈话氛围立即热烈起来。有人表示赞成,也有人怒斥,还有人则不以为然。最后,当然少不了像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样,大家约好次日一早去查证一下。问题就这样解决了。不过,闲聊并不需要解决什么问题,大家仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。

Lesson2

The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.

一支人数不多的送葬队伍——其中老少尽皆男性,没有一个女的——沿着集贸市场,从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行,一边走着一边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。苍蝇之所以群起追逐是因为在这个地方死人的尸首从不装进棺木,只是用一块破布裹着放在一个草草做成的木头架子上,有四个朋友抬着送葬。朋友们到了安葬场后,便在地上挖出一个一二英尺深的长方形坑,将尸首往坑里一倒。再扔一些像碎砖头一样的日、干土块。不立墓碑,不留姓名,什么识别标志都没有。坟场只不过是一片土丘林立的荒野,恰似一片已废弃不用的建筑场地。一两个月过后,就谁也说不准自己的亲人葬于何处了。

Lesson3

1.We dare not forget today that we are the heirs of that first revolution. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.

我们今天仍未敢忘记我们是第一次革命战争的接班人。此时此地我谨向我们的朋友,同时也向我们的敌人宣告:火炬已传到我们新一代美国人手中。这一代人在本世纪成长起来,经受过战火的锻炼,经历过冷峻的和平的考验,以珍视古老的传统而自豪,又决不愿坐视或容许人权逐渐遭到践踏。美国对这些人权一向负有

责任,今天我们也正在本国及全世界范围内为之奋斗。

2. To those peoples in the huts and villages of half the globe struggling to break the bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.

对于那些居住在遍布半个地球的茅舍荒村中,正奋力冲破集体贫困的桎梏的各民族,我们保证将尽最大努力帮助他们脱贫自救,不管这样做需要多长时间。这样做并不是因为怕共产党会抢先这样做,也不是因为我们想获得那些国家的赞成票,而是因为这样做是正确的。一个自由社会如若不能帮助众多的穷人,也就无法保全少数的富人。

3.To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in a new for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or anywhere in the Americas. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.

对于我国边界以南的各姊妹国家,我们要作一项特别的保证:把我们美妙的言辞付诸行动,为谋求进步而进行新的合作。帮助自由的人民和自由的国家政府挣脱贫困的锁链。但我们绝不能让这个充满希望的和平革命成为敌对国家的牺牲品。要让所有的邻邦都知道,我们将和他们一起反对外国在美洲任何地区进行的侵略或颠覆。也要让所有别的国家知道,我们这个半球仍得由自己当家作主。Lesson5

The rejection of Victorian gentility was, in any case, inevitable. The booming of American industry, with its gigantic, roaring factories, its corporate impersonality, and its largescale aggressiveness, no longer left any room for the code of polite behavior and well-bred morality fashioned in a quieter and less competitive age. War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth-century society.

在当时的美国,摒弃维多利亚式的温文尔雅无论如何都已经是无可避免的了。美国工业的飞速发展及其所带来的庞大的、机器轰鸣的工厂的出现,社会化大生产的非人格性,以及争强好胜意识的空前高涨,使得在较为平静而少竞争的年代里所形成的温文尔雅的礼貌行为和谦谦忍让的道德风范完全没有半点栖身之地。不论是否发生战争,随着时代的变化.要我们的年轻一代接受与他们必须在其中拼搏求胜的这个喧嚣的商业化社会格格不入的行为准则已经变得越来越难了。战争只不过起了一种催化剂的作用,加速了维多利亚式社会结构的崩溃。战争把年轻一代一下子推向一种大规模的屠杀战场,从而使他们体内潜藏的压抑已久的狂暴力量得以释放出来,待到战争一结束,这些被释放出来的狂暴力量便在欧洲和美国掉转矛头,去摧毁那日渐衰朽的十九世纪的社会了。

Lesson6

New York is about energy, contention, and striving. And since it contains its share of articulate losers, it is also about mockery, the put-down , the loser’s shrug (―whaddyagonna do?‖). It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or a waiter’s attention, for a fo othold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.

纽约充满着活力、竞争和奋斗。同时,由于存在着一批能说会道的失意者,它也充满着嘲笑、轻侮和失意者的心灰意冷("你说该咋办?")。它充满着无休无止的斗争一一为了地铁上的座位,为了引起一个的士司机、一个办事员或一个侍者的注意,为了有一个立足之地,为了一次成功的机会。为了一个较好的居住地方,为了让自己名字出现在一张大一点的海报上。在纽约,一个人若成功了,他会感到惶惶不安;如果失败了,他就得和那灰心丧气的大多数人一起苦熬岁月

2 纽约太大了,无法为任何一个集团所控制,不论是盎格鲁撤克逊新教的白人还是犹太人、黑人或来源不同的天主教徒--爱尔兰人、意大利人、西班牙血统的人。所有这些集团都有他们小小的天地,人数相当多,不容忽视;在维护他们的要求方面都很坚韧,但没有一个强大到足以制服其他集团。这个城市很典型地把联合国加以吞没,不把它当一回事,把它看作一个空想、不切实际、虚伪、无法运转的混合体。但是纽约人却在训练自己如何在一个多民族的社会里共同生活--这是迈向未来必要的开端。

Lesson3

Lesson5

In the Twenties, the so-called Revolt of the Younger Generation has created a sensation, which causes nostalgic recollections to the mid-aged and curious questions to the young. The younger generation appeared wild, irresponsible and

immoral in social behavior.

As the outcome of the age, the revolt of the young people existed not only in the United States, but also the entire Western world. With the development of the American industry, those young people started to reject Victorian gentility. What is more, the war had accelerated the breakdown of the Victorian social structure. Under such changing conditions in the society, the youth faced with the challenge of leading the mores up to date. But, many escaped from the responsibilities and absorbed themselves in the alcoholic sophistication and the Bohemian immorality. Until the money ran out, the economic structure crashed, the revelers began to regained consciousness and faced the new problems.

Such rebellion started with War World 1. During 1915-1916, the insolence of Germany had caused the anger of the many idealistic citizens. Our young men began to enlist under foreign flags and they regarded service in the conflict as romantic and of great personal value. However, after they had received the taste of the warfare, their spirit of carnival and enthusiasm were dissipated. The war had changed them from a na?ve person to a veteran. It was torturous for them to return home because they could not find jobs; they felt lost; they still had to face the unsatisfactory society. Those angry young men finally broke out, in the form of a complete overthrow of the genteel standards of behavior.

Greenwich Village set the example for them. This village was famous for its Bohemian and eccentricity, which attracted many major writers. It was the intellectual center of the nation. But soon, many non-intellectuals began to imitate those intellectuals. The Bohemian living became so popular in the village that it started to spread out through the whole nation. Meanwhile, the true intellectuals were far from flattered. They wanted an America more sensitive to art and less avid for material, but ignored. They felt lost. And they were so frustrated that they moved to the Europe to release their soul, which helped them achieve great works. Actually the "lost generation" was never lost. The society made them became so bitter that they became critical, rebellious, iconoclastic, antisocial, absurd and wild, but not lost. Contrarily, under such environment, they had created the most stimulating literature works in the word. So the decade was not entire desolate. Lesson6

NY has lost its former status as the top city in America. It is no longer the leader in fashion and its deficiencies as the pacesetter are more and more evident in such fields as architecture, music, sport etc. However, many Europeans call NY their favorite city because they like its cosmopolitan complexities, its charged, nervous atmosphere and its vulgar dynamism.

NY is about energy, contention, and striving. Nature’s pleasure is very limited there. But its opportunities for people to prove themselves still draw many of the young to go there. In NY, there’re rigorous judgments, impersonal commercialism, loneliness as well as freedom, and there are also trash-strewn streets, unruly schools, uneasy feeling or menace, noise, the brusqueness. But in spite of all the faults of its city, a NYer, or rather the writer himself still prefer to live here, because he loves it vitality,

rawness, tension, and loves its wide mixture of different nationalities. In a word, loving and hating NY becomes a matter of alternating moods, often in the same day.

第二课堂活动工作总结报告

第二课堂活动工作总结报告 第二课堂活动工作总结报告1 在“以人为本,重在发展”的教育思想指导下,为了满足不同个性特长和兴趣爱好学生的需要,我班开展了丰富多彩的第二课堂活动,活动课给予了学生充分创造的空间和舞台,是真正属于他们自己的天地。现将本学期的工作总结如下: 一、活动形式与内容: 1、第二课堂活动主要以班级活动为形式,学生根据自己的兴趣和水平自由选择参加。 2、本学期的第二课活动内容主要包括:快乐阅读、书法学习 二、定活动时间与地点: 1、每周二、四下午为第二课堂活动时间。 2、活动地点安排在本班进行。 三、师生明确活动目的与要求: 1、第二课堂活动是学生的兴趣活动。因此,我们以自由参与为首要原则,在不增加学生课业负担的前提下,学生有充分的选择权。 2、第二课活动以培养学生的可持续发展能力为终极目标。内容的选择有利于培养学生的兴趣、动手操作能力、实践能力和合作创新精神,激发和培养学生的创造潜能。 3、辅导的教师能精选活动内容、设计活动形式,以合作、竞争等多种手段来丰富第二课堂,提高效率,让第二课堂真正成为学生培养能力、发展特长的舞台。

4、教师能按时认真组织开展活动,没有出现以种种理由延误活动的现象。 5、学生能积极按时参加活动,努力在活动中丰富自己的见识,增长自己的才干。 四、加强活动监督与总结: 1、各小组都能认真制定活动计划,扎扎实实的抓好落实,上好每一节课,作好活动记录。 2、各活动小组每次活动都能清点人数,确保学生的安全。 五、存在问题及今后努力方向: 1、关注学生需要和发展的工作做得还不够,需要给学生提供更多的有利于他们未来发展和成长的条件和机会。 2、活动课指导教师没有现成的活动指导模式和具体的可操作性强的活动组织理论教材。基本上是无教可依,无法可循。 3、参加活动的学生人数不多,未能全面开花。 总之,为了能使学生开阔视野,丰富知识,增长智慧,激发学习兴趣,把第二课堂活动开展得有声有色。让学生喜而好学,充分发挥学生应有的特长。 第二课堂活动工作总结报告2 数学是神奇的世界,有不少学生产生了浓厚的兴趣。为此,我们学校开展了数学第二课堂活动,促进学生数学思维能力的发展,丰富了学生的课余生活,拓展了学生的知识面,提高了学生的数学技能,数学素养。 一、完成活动目标情况 1、提高了所有学生的口算能力,学生经过笔算,心算,抢答,对口诀等一

全国高等教育自考英语二复习资料全

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短语及句型进行英汉互译练习,答问训练并与连词成句、寻找应答等能力性题型结合练习,以提高学生的实际运用能力。 语音:归纳辅音以及单元音的发音规则,进行辩音练习,听辩结合练习,按语音进行词汇归类等形式的练习。 第三阶段:在学生进行自主归类复习的基础上,设计一些综合练习,集听力、语音、词汇、短语、句型及对话于一体进行由浅入深的测试巩固型训练,发现普遍性问题集体解决,结合个别辅导,力争使每位学生都得到提高。 第四阶段:用试卷进行期末模拟测试,以便查漏补缺,发现问题及时解决。 四.复习的内容与具体安排: 1. 回顾课本知识,专为那些平时课上经常开小差的学生所服务,大约需时两到三课时。其间需要默写课文中的单词和词组,都是常用的熟词和必须要掌握的单词。保底是对于学习能力差的学生的最低要求,无非就是课本上的内容不增加其负担。最基本的单词和句型都要会用。 2. 完成期末单项复习,基本上在家里做完,老师批改后在课 上讲解大多数错误的地方,或是先讲解试卷,再批改学生的订正。做到有错就订正,及时反馈,及时改正。这部分主要是拉中等生,在没有百分百掌握课本内容的情况下,认真完成的态度下,这些孩子是能够掌握课本要求的内容,并有一定的拓展知识。大约需时三到四课时的时间。 3. 单项知识全部完成的基础上,在课堂内完成综合练习,批 改后并给与相应的成绩供学生了解自己的情况,以做进一步的调整与相关薄弱环节的强化,此过程大约需要3课时左右的时间。我将此部分放在单项复习后的目的就是检验学生是否完全掌握了课本的内容和课外的拓展知识,看着差距不差距,是学

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