高考英语阅读理解专项练习

高考英语阅读理解专项练习

（1）

Men of Honor

A knight was a mounted warrior of medieval Europe who served a king or other feudal

superior, usually in return for land. Knighthood was taken quite seriously and had to be earned.

At about the age of eight, a boy would begin training in preparation for knighthood. This

young trainee, known as a page(男侍者), would train with mentors to learn about horses, armor,

and weapons. Pages practiced fighting with a sword against a wooden stake and learned to

skillfully use a bow and arrow. The lady of the castle taught a young page about manners and

social graces, as well as how to sing, play instruments, and dance. A priest might give a page

religious training and teach him to read and write.

By the age of fourteen, the page would become a squire（护卫）. A squire was responsible

for dressing a knight for battles and tournaments and taking care of the knight's armor and

weapons. He would even follow his master on the battlefield to protect him if the knight fell.

A squire had to gain skill in using a lance, spear, or sword, so he would practice against a

wooden dummy called a quintain（枪靶）. The quintain and a shield were hung on a wooden

pole, and when hit, the whole structure would spin. The squire would learn to ride up and hit the

shield's center, but then quickly move out of the way without getting hit and knocked off his

horse by the quintain.

At about age twenty, a squire was finally prepared to be called a knight, which involved an

extended ceremony. On the evening before becoming a knight, the squire confessed his sins to a

priest, was given a symbolic bath, and then fasted in order to cleanse his soul. The squire would

dress all in white and stay in a chapel all night praying and watching over his weapons and armor.

In the morning, the squire would dress in symbolically-colored clothing: red for his blood,

white for purity, and brown for his return to the earth after death. At his induction ([in'd?k??n] 入

会仪式), the knight swore a code of chivalry, which required him always to be brave, loyal, courteous, and to protect the defenseless. Knighthood was granted by the overlord with an accolade, during which the new knight was tapped on the shoulders or neck with the flat side of the sword.

If this new knight ever broke his vows or acted dishonorably, he would be stripped of his knighthood in another ceremony, in which he was "buried." In the Middle Ages, a knight without honor was considered as good as dead.

1. What were the responsibilities of a squire?

A.Practicing fighting with a sword and using a bow and arrow skillfully.

B.Looking after his own weapons and learning manners from the Lady of the castle.

C.Confessing his sin and praying for his mentors.

D.Dressing a knight for battles or competitions and protecting him.

2.What does the underlined word “ chivalry” mean ?

A.the noble spirits a knight possesses

B.the tough task a knight has to finish

C.the high goal a knight must achieve

D.the military discipline a knight should obey

3.If a knight were to betray the king, what do you think might happen?

A. He would be sentenced to death.

B. He would be robbed of his title.

C. He would be forced to leave Court.

D. His land would be returned to the King.

4.Which of the following statements is right according to the passage?

A. A knight had to be highly born.

B. A knight had gone through different stages of training to become a KNIGHT.

C. A knight was militarily skillful but not necessarily literate.

D. Knighthood started in the Medieval Ages and existed only in England.

（2）

The psychology of innovation

Why are so few companies truly innovative?

Innovation is key to business survival, and companies put substantial resources into inspiring employees to develop new ideas. There are, nevertheless, people working in luxurious, state-of-the-art centers designed to stimulate innovation who find that their environment doesn’t make them feel at all creative. And there are those who don’t have a budget, or much space, but who innovate successfully.

For Robert B. Cialdini, Professor of Psychology at Arizona State University, one reason that companies don’t succeed as often as they should is that innovation starts with recruitment. Research shows that the fit between an employee’s values and a company’s values makes a difference to what contribution they make and whether, two years after they join, they’re still at the company.

One of the most famous photographs in the story of rock’n’roll emphasizes Cialdini’s views. The 1956 picture of singers Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins, Johnny Cash and Jerry Lee Lewis jamming at a piano in Sun Studios in Memphis tells a hidden story. Sun’s ‘million-dollar quartet’could have been a quintet. Missing from the picture is Roy Orbison, a greater natural singer than Lewis, Perkins or Cash. Sam Phillips, who owned Sun, wanted to revolutionize popular music with songs that fused black and white music, and country and blues. Presley, Cash, Perkins and Lewis instinctively understood Phillips’s ambition and believed in it. Orbison wasn’t inspired by the goal, and only ever achieved one hit with the Sun label.

Managing innovation is a delicate art. It’s easy for a company to be pulled in conflicting directions as the marketing, product development, and finance departments each get different feedback from different sets of people. And without a system which ensures collaborative

exchanges within the company, it’s also easy for small ‘pockets of innovation’to disappear. Innovation is a contact sport. You can’t brief people just by saying, ‘We’re going in this direction and I’m going to take you with me.’

Cialdini believes that this ‘follow-the-leader syndrome’is dangerous, not least because it encourages bosses to go it alone. ‘It’s been scientifically proven that three people will be better than one at solving problems, even if that one person is the smartest person in the field.’ To prove his point, Cialdini cites an interview with molecular biologist James Watson. Watson, together with Francis Crick, discovered the structure of DNA, the genetic information carrier of all living organisms. ‘When asked how they had cracked the code ahead of an array of highly accomplished rival investigators, he said something that stunned me. He said he and Crick had succeeded because they were aware that they weren’t the most intelligent of the scientists pursuing the answer. The smartest scientist was called Rosalind Franklin who, Watson said, “was so intelligent she rarely sought advice”.’

Writing, visualizing and prototyping can stimulate the flow of new ideas. Cialdini cites scores of research papers and historical events that prove that even something as simple as writing deepens every individual’s engagement in the project. It is, he says, the reason why all those competitions on breakfast cereal packets encouraged us to write in saying, in no more than 10 words: ‘I like Kellogg’s Corn Flakes because… .’ The very act of writing makes us more likely to believe it.

Authority doesn’t have to inhibit innovation but it often does. Many theorist believe the ideal boss should lead from behind, taking pride in collective accomplishment and giving credit where it is due. Cialdini says: ‘Leaders should encourage everyone to contribute and simultaneously assure all concerned that every recommendation is important to making the right decision and will be given full attention.’ The frustrating thing about innovation is that there are many approaches, but no magic formula. However, a manager who wants to create a truly innovative culture can make their job a lot easier by recognizing these psychological realities.

1. The example of the ‘million-dollar quartet’ underlines the writer’s point about

A. recognizing talent.

B. working as a team.

C. having a shared objective.

D. being an effective leader.

2. James Watson suggests that he and Francis Crick won the race to discover the DNA code because they

A. were conscious of their own limitations.

B. brought complementary skills to their partnership.

C. were determined to outperform their brighter rivals.

D. encouraged each other to realize their joint ambition.

3. The writer mentions competitions on breakfast cereal packets as an example of how

to_______________.

A. inspire creative thinking.

B. generate concise writing.

C. promote loyalty to a group.

D. strengthen commitment to an idea.

4. In the last paragraph, the writer suggests that it is important for employees to_______________.

A. be aware of their company’s goals.

B. feel that their contributions are valued.

C. have respect for their co-workers’ achievements.

D. understand why certain management decisions are made.

(3)

Like many other small boys, I was fascinated by cars, especially because my oldest brother was a bit of a car guy and subscribed to cool magazines like Car and Driver and Motor Trend. Every so often, one of those magazines would run an article on the “Car of the Future”. They

featured unconventional things like small nuclear reactors as power sources. Yet, frankly, my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do. It goes, it stops, it burns gasoline.

I still have to steer it, and it still runs into things if I don’t steer it carefully.

But guess what? All of these things are likely to change in the not-so-distant future. It may not burn gasoline, I may not have to steer it, and it may be a lot better at not running into things.

Airbags aren’t the be-all and end-all in safety. In fact, considering the recent news about people occasionally being killed by their airbags in low-speed crashes, they obviously still need some development. But they aren’t going away, and in fact, you can expect to s ee cars appearing with additional, side-impact airbags, something some European car manufacturers already offer.

Better than systems to minimize injury in the event of an accident, however, are systems that minimize the likelihood of an accident happening in the first place? Future cars may be able to remove many of the major causes of accidents, including drunk-driving, and tailgating (与前车距离过近). Cars could be equipped with sensors that can detect alcohol in a driver’s system and prevent the car from being started, for example. As early as next year, you’ll be able to buy cars with radar-equipped control systems. If the radar determines you’re closing too quickly with the car in front, it will ease up on the throttle（油门）.

Scientists are now working on a system that can brake, accelerate and steer a vehicle down a highway on its own. Will cars eventually be able to drive themselves?

1. The author was fascinated by cars because ________.

A. other small boys liked to own a car of their own, too

B. he read untr aditional things about cars in his brother’s magazines

C. his oldest brother loved to take him to places in his car

D. he often booked cool car magazines himself

2. By saying “my car doesn’t do anything that my brother’s Studebaker didn’t do”, the author

means that ________.

A. my car is far better than my brother’s

B. my car is not as good as my brother’s

C. much improvement has been made in the design of cars recently

D. not much has changed in the performance of cars so far

3. Which of the following statements is true of airbags?

A. They are going to disappear gradually.

B. They are in need of further improvement.

C. They are a standard feature of European cars.

D. They kill people instead of protecting them in low-speed crashes.

4. According to the author, what will future cars do if the sensors detect alcohol in the driver’s

system?

A. They will not start.

B. They will ease up on the throttle.

C. They will brake automatically.

D. They will give a warning in advance.

(4)

Western airliner manufacturers seem to be tripping over (绊倒) themselves in their eagerness to sign cooperative agreements with Asian partners as a low-cost route to developing new airliners. Their potential Asian partners seem to be tripping over themselves to sign such agreements, as a low-cost route to acquiring new airliner technology. If they are not careful the two sides will end up tripping over each other: the one by selling its birth-right for short-term gain, the other by trying to break into a market which isn’t big enough to sustain (忍受) it.

Technology transfer works in a growing market, where the aspirations of the new entrant receiving that technology can be met through expansion. The airliner market is not such a device.

Even the most optimistic projections of airliner sales for the next 20 years show that airliner manufacture can only be profitable if a small number of aircraft builders share the available sales. It follows that if new manufacturers come into the market and take sales, their sales must come from substitution, not expansion.

Given the complexity o f today’s airliners, it is unlikely that any new entrant will have both the financial and technical resources to come into the market without the involvement of an established manufacturer. In the short term, such involvement may not be to the exclusive benefit of the new entrant: most of the established manufacturers are searching for ways to reduce costs of manufacture.

In the short term, it can be of benefit to an established Western manufacturer to have either components of complete air–frames made or assembled in lower-wage economics such as China, Taiwan or Korea, while retaining the design, development and marketing of aircraft for itself. It would be a very unwise Western manufacturer which did not notice the fact that these developing economies are acquiring skills (like computing) at least as quickly as they are acquiring skills in metal bashing (猛击).

The danger comes when the new entrant no longer needs the established Western partner because it has acquired the technical and intellectual ability to design and build its own aircraft. An Asian partner may well find itself in the happy position of having the low-cost labour base, the

high-cost technology base and the vital financial base to build a new airliner.

1. The author’s attitude towards Western/Eastern cooperation can be described as ________.

A. positive

B. progressive

C. conservative

D. negative

2. “The airliner market is not such a device” means that the airliner market ________.

A. does not encourage technology transfer

B. is too limited to offer chances of success

C. requires hi-tech rather than unaccepted devices

D. is full of competitions for new entrants

3. According to the author, a wise established manufacturer should ________.

A. try to benefit from both financial and technical resources

B. break up his partnership with the East once profits are made

C. keep a tight told over hi-tech development and marketing of airliners

D. cooperate with Asian partners for a short time

4. The word “base” in the last paragraph represents ________.

A. a place for aircraft production

B. the operation of aircraft

C. a research institute

D. a position where to build office

(5)

1. How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage?

A. Four

B. Five

C. Six

D. Seven

2. Now Mr Smith is in the zoo with his two sons, one aged 14 and the other 10, how much are the

tickets together?

A. $4.00

B. $2.00

C. $3.00

D. $1.00

3. Which of the following is the visiting time?

A. 8:30 a.m. Monday

B. 9:30 a.m. Friday

C. 3:00 p.m. Sunday

D. 5:00 p.m. Tuesday

4. From the passage we ca n guess the animal”gifaffe” must be very _________.

A. fat

B. long

C. strong

D. tall

5. Which of the following can we do in the zoo?

A. To give some food to the dogs.

B. To touch the monkey on the head

C. To throw things everywhere

D. To take a few nice photos.

(6)

One day I was lying on the bed, reading, when my mother came into the room. She held out a vase-a rather ugly vase. She asked, “Would you like to have this vase?” I replied quickly, “No, I don’t want it.”

As she turned to walk away, I picked up somet hing that said to me, “Wait a minute, don’t shut this off yet.” So I asked, “Where did you get it?”

She said, “Oh, I got it when I filled an order.” Filled an order? I thought--- no communication here. So I asked, “What do you mean, filled an order?”

“Well,” she said, “When I was a little girl, the Smith Company mailed catalogs to people. I would take the catalog around the neighborhood, and I’d get people to order from it. When I filled an order and sent it in, they gave me a prize. One time, I got a porch swing for my family.”“Now you have to understand,” said my mother, “that my mother is 81 years old. She is one of six children in a family that her father deserted when she was quite young. Money was real hard to come by. My grandmother managed to keep the family together through the years, although I don’t know how. For my mother to win a luxury(奢侈品)like a porch swing was an important success. Although she no longer had the swing, she had the vase---a vase full of meaning---which she offered to me.”

Instantly I said, “Mom, I want the vase.” Now it sits in my living room. It gives a precious meaning which my mother and I share: Unless you and I are sensitive to the other person and hear meaning, we may well have a communication problem.

1. The author didn’t the vase because __________.

A. it was very cheap

B. it wasn’t beautiful

C. it was very expensive

D. it was too old

2. The au thor’s mother walked around the neighborhood in order to_______.

A.send the catalogs to the people there.

B.bring the letters and gifts to the people.

C.help those people who are in trouble.

D.ask people to place an order for something.

3. The underlined word “deserted” (in Paragraph 5) probably means________.

A. threw away

B. looked for

C. turned to

D. took care of

4. We can know from the fifth paragraph that _________.

A.the author’s mother had to feed the family by herself.

B.the author’s grand mother was worried about the whole family.

C.the author’s mother was very happy when she was young.

D.the author’s mother thought the vase very important to her.

5. According to the author________.

A.the vase should be placed in the living room.

B.he should make an apology to his mother.

C.it is important to learn the truth of something.

D.the vase makes his living-room more beautiful.

(7)

Someone can be overweight, underweight or at an ideal weight. There is no one perfect weight for a kid to be, but there are ideal weight ranges for kids based on height and whether the person is a girl or a boy. Though healthy kids can weigh more or less, a good weight range is about 15 to 70 pounds (about 23 to 32 kilograms) for a kid who’s 8 years old.

But being overweight is more than a number on the scale. A doctor is a good person to make a judgment about a kid’s weight. The doctor can look at a kid’s ideal weight range while also taking the kid’s height into account. A talker kid naturally could weigh more than a shorter kid and not be overweight. Perhaps the best way to determine if a kid is overweight is to use something called body mass index or BMI.

BMI uses a kid’s height and weight in a calculation that results in a number. That number can be marked on a chart(图表) tha t also considers the kid’s age and if the kid is a girl or a boy. BMI can show how much body fat the person has, but it’s only an estimate(估计), because muscle weighs more than fat, it’s possible for a muscular person to have a high BMI, but that doesn’t me an he or she is overweight. Likewise, it’s possible for someone to have a low or ideal BMI but still have too much body fat.

1. The ideal weight of an eight-year-old girl may be________.

A. 13 kilograms

B. 25 kilograms

C. 20 kilograms

D. 15 kilograms

2. BMI perhaps is something to be used to decide_______.

A. if a kid is too fat

B. if a kid is short

C. if a kid is tall

D. if a kid is too young

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A.Only a few kids have perfect weight.

B. A kid who has low BMI must be overweight.

C. A taller kid is most likely to be overweight.

D. A kid who has a high BMI may not be overweight.

4. The underlined word “Likewise” in the last paragraph means_______.

A. To one’s surprise

B. In the same way

C. What is more

D. Sooner or later

5. The main idea of this passage is __________.

A.The weight of a boy is different from the weight of a girl.

B.The doctor can tell whether a kid is fat or thin.

C.The ways to decide a kid’s weight.

D.BMI is very important to kids who are overweight.

(8)

In England during the 1830s, nursing wasn’t a career for respectable women. So when Florence Nightingale told her wealthy parents that she planned to become a nurse, they were very upset. What they want her to do was to learn to host big parties, serve tea, and later got married. Florence, however, had her own plans.

In 1846, a friend sent Florence a book about a German school, which trained girls to care for the sick. Several years later, against her parents’wishes, Florence entered the school and completed nursing course. In 1853, she was offered a position in London, in charge of an institution that cared for the sick. There, she made many changed in improving the care of the sick.

The Crimean War broke out in 1854. Conditions in the military hospitals were terrible, so the British Secretary of War assigned Florence to introduce female nurses into the military hospitals in Turkey. She took 38 nurses and they saved thousands of lives. She returned to England a heroine and she went on to establish the Nightingale Training School for nurses.

To show respect to Florence’s efforts, Queen Victoria awarded Nightingale the Royal Red Cross in 1883. In spite of others’ objections, Florence followed her heart. As a result, she founded modern nursing and worked tirelessly for sanitary reforms in hospitals.

1. What did Florence’s parents most probably want her to become in the future?

A. A doctor.

B. A housewife.

C. A secretary.

D. A heroine.

2. When did Florence’s career probably begin?

A. In 1846.

B. In 1883.

C. In 1854.

D. In 1853.

3. What is true about Florence?

A. A book given by her friend encouraged her to take up nursing as her career.

B. She went to the Crimean War to become a heroine in spite of others’ objections.

C. She changed her parents’ minds and entered a German nursing school.

D. She was unfortunately infected with an illness herself during the war.

(9)

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy

situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.

The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits if this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.

A. It makes the world warmer

B. it consumes natural resources

C. it brings severe damage to forests

D. it makes growth hard to continue

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A. China lacks wind and solar energy.

B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

3. To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ______.

A. cut public expenses

B. forbid carbon emission

C. develop public resources

D. encourage energy conservation

62. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new business model.

B. To compare two business models.

C. To predict a change of the global market.

D. To advocate sustainable development.

II..Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(10)

This Thursday, Irena Sendler will be honored for her work as a smuggler (偷运者). During World War II, the Polish social worker smuggled nearly 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto (聚居区). She gave them new identities, found them safe places with good-hearted Christians, and kept the children's real names buried in jars in her neighbours' gardens. (The play, Life in a Jar, based on her story, is being performed.) At 93, Sendler lives in a Warsaw nursing home and is too weak to travel to Washington D.C., to receive the 2003 Jan Karski Award for Valor and Compassion from the American Center of Polish Culture. One of the children she saved will accept the award for her.

You risked your life to save the children.

I was taught by my father that when someone is drowning, you don't ask if they can swim, you just jump in and help. During the war, everyone was drowning, but mostly the Jewish children. How did you persuade parents to give up their children?

I had to answer honestly that I didn't even know if we would get past the guards.

What was the most frightening moment?

When I saw a priest (牧师)in charge of an orphanage for Jewish children in the ghetto walk with them out to be killed. The children were in their best Sunday suits. The priest was killed with them.

How did you get the children to behave as you smuggled them out?

I told the older children to act as if they were sick and sometimes gave the younger ones a sleeping pill. They were told to remember their new names. I also told the children to tell guards they had only been visiting a servant in the ghetto and were going back to their real homes outside. Did you tell your own two children what you did?

I never told them. Only when my daughter went to Israel did she learn all about me. I thought it was only normal to do so. And it was a very painful subject. It was always on my mind that I couldn't do more.

66. We can learn from the passage that Irena Sendler________.

A. will go to Washington to accept the award with her daughter

B. was caught a few times while she was rescuing the Jewish children

C. told those parents that their children's lives would be guaranteed

D. saved thousands of Jewish children at the risk of her own life

67. The expression "everyone was drowning" can best be replaced by "________".

A. everyone was involved in the war

B. all the people were drowned

C. all the people were facing danger and death

D. Jewish children were being killed

68. Which one could NOT be expected when Sendler was smuggling the Jewish children?

A. The children pretended to be brothers and sisters from one big family.

B. Some children pretended to be returning home after visiting servants in the ghetto.

C. The children were asked to remember and use new names instead of real ones.

D. Some children were told to pretend to be sick in front of the guards.

69.Which of the following is best for the blank in the title?

A. DISASTER SURVIVOR

B. NOBLE SMUGGLER

C. AWARD RECEIVER

D. SECRET DEFENDER

70. LIPITOR is a medicine____________________.

A. specially designed for young kids

B. to cure serious liver problems

C. that can lower the risk for heart attack

D. for mothers-to-be to lower cholesterol

71. Which of the following is most likely to be a bad sing for LIPITOR takers?

A. Drinking alcohol twice a day.

B. Changes in medical tests.

C. Discomfort and ache in muscles.

D. Feeling tired after a day's work.

72. If it has been over 12 hours since you missed a dose, you should __________.

A. change the amount of your next dose

B. take the next dose at your regular time

C. have a dose as soon as you remember

D. eat more when taking your next dose

73. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A. LIPITOR should never be taken with other food at the same time.

B. Skipping is the best choice for those who have missed one dose.

C. Recommendation is encouraged if one feels LIPITOR to be good.

D. People can consult the professionals for details of the medicine.

参考答案

（1）DABB （2）CADB （3）BDBA （4）CDDA （5）CCCDD （6）BDADC （7）BADBC （8）BDA （9）BCDD （10）DCAB （11）CCBD

2020-2021高考英语阅读理解综合题汇编及答案解析

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