文档库 最新最全的文档下载
当前位置:文档库 › 外文翻译--管理信息系统的研究和应用

外文翻译--管理信息系统的研究和应用

本科毕业设计(翻译)

题 目

作者姓名 XXX 专业名称 计算机科学与技术 学科门类 理科 指导老师 xxx 提交翻译日期 二○一四年六月

Research and Application Of Management Information Systems

管理信息系统的研究和应用

Research and Application of Management Information Systems

管理信息系统的研究和应用

Abstract: Management Information System provides an effective way for enterprises to improve their competitive abilities. It presents a framework for improving the management models through the design and implementation of effective and

high-quality MIS. So it is very important to the modern management of corporations. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system is one of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. The thesis cites SAP R/3 to introduce the general structure and function of ERP. Global Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation is increasingly becoming the successful choice of MIS.

Key words: Management Information System (MIS);Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP);information technology system development;system structure;

1. Introduction

The information age is coming, which gives the manufacturers more new opportunities and more new challenges. They must adjust their management models and their operation systems to meet the changes of their customers’ demands and the more and more fierce competition. MIS deals with the planning, development, management and use of information technology tools, to help people perform all tasks related to information processing and management. The MIS has become an essential part of 摘要:管理信息系统为企业提高竞争能力提供了一个有效途径。它提出了一个通过制定和实施有效的、高质量的MIS系统改善管理模式框架,所以这是非常重要的现代企业管理方法。企业资源规划(ERP)系统的核心部分的管理信息系统,主要解决问题的管理模式。全球化竞争需要业务流程的进行,ERP系统是一个受欢迎的方法。论文引用SAP R/3系统推出的总体结构和功能的ERP 。全球企业资源规划实施正日益成为成功的选择,管理信息系统。

关键词:管理信息系统(MIS);企业资源规划(ERP);信息技术系统的发展;体系结构

1.引言

信息时代的到来,制造商面临更多新机会和更多新挑战。他们必须调整自己的管理模式和运作系统,以满足他们的变化,客户的需求和越来越激烈的竞争。管理信息系统涉及规划,开发,管理和使用信息技术工具,以帮助人们完成所有任务有关的信息处理和管理。管理信息系统已成为一个企业和政府组织不可或缺的组成部分。技术和组织工作是设计,开发和管理这些系统必要的的专门知识。作为学术领域,管理信息系统包括两个广泛的领域:

business and government organizations. Both technical and organizational expertise is necessary for designing, developing and managing these systems. As an academic field, MIS encompasses two broad areas:

(1) Acquisition, deployment, and management of information technology resources and services;

(2) Development of infrastructure, systems and processes (systems development).

These key business areas today are integral to enterprise strategy and vital to maintain competitive advantages. But lack of training in existing hardware/software and related technologies and inadequate education regarding new development in MIS are critical barriers to success. So the demand for management information system research and education is rising now.

2. MIS Development Life Cycle

The MIS development life cycle refers to analyze user needs and the selection, design, development, implementation and maintenance of application systems.

(1) Needs analysis: conduct preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe costs and benefits ofeach solution, and submit a preliminary plan with

(1)购买,部署和管理的信息技术资源和服务。

(2)发展基础设施,制度和程序(系统开发)。

今天,这些关键的业务领域都是企业战略和保持竞争的重要优势。但由于缺乏培训,现有的硬件/软件和相关技术和教育不足成为MIS系统中的障碍,有关新的发展是至关重要的,也取得了一定成功。所以,需求管理信息系统的研究和教育是上升了。

2.MIS系统开发生命周期

管理信息系统开发生命周期是指用户的需求分析和选择,设计,开发,实施和维护应用系统。

(1)需求分析:进行初步分析,提出解决方案,描述的成本和效益ofeach 解决方案,并提交一份初步计划与建议。

(2)系统的分析:收集数据,分析

recommendations.

(2) System analysis: gather data, analyze the data, and make a written report.

(3) System design: make a preliminary design and a detailed design, and write a report.

(4) System development: acquire the hardware and software and test the system.

(5) System implementation: convert the hardware, software, and files to the new system and train the users.

(6) System maintenance: audit the system, and evaluate it periodically.

3. Function of MIS

3.1 Using MIS to Reduce Cost

Early users of computer systems achieved cost reduction primarily by automating highly labor-intensive processes. Today, automation is the only one of a large number of ways MIS to help managers reduce cost and implement a low-cost leadership strategy. The MIS can decrease cost by reducing the amount of labor, the time required for some processes, the rework and waste.

3.2 Business Process Redesign

Companies that blindly automate existing systems rarely eliminate their inefficiencies. Manual processes in most companies are evolved to accommodate

数据,并提出一份书面报告。

(3)系统设计:进行初步设计和详细设计,并写了一份报告。

(4)系统的发展:收购的硬件和软件和测试系统。

(5)系统实施:转换的硬件,软件和文件,以新的制度和培训用户。

(6)系统维护:审计制度,并定期对其进行评估。

3.管理信息系统的功能

3.1使用管理信息系统来降低成本

早期的计算机系统用户实现降低成本,主要通过高度自动劳力密集的过程。今天,自动化是唯一一个大量的方式管理信息系统,以帮助管理人员降低成本和实施低成本领先战略。管理信息系统可以降低成本,减少劳动力数量的,所需的时间,一些进程,返工和浪费。

3.2再造业务流程

公司现有自动化系统很少且盲目消除,使其效率低下。手工操作的流程,在大多数公司正在逐渐适应人类的局限。而

自动化的进程往往限制,可能设计截然不human limitations. Automated processes that accomplish the same work without such constraints may often be designed quite differently. Business process redesign, also known as Business Process Reengineering (BPR), takes maximum advantage of information technology to break traditional notions of how an organization accomplishes its work.

3.3 Quality Purchasing and Manufacturing

Poor quality not only affects customers’ perceptions of a company’s products and services, but it also increases a company’s costs. Quality-oriented organizations first diagnose their information needs and then design the strategic information systems to meet these needs. The expert system coordinates the flow of information from the customer, to the sales agent, and to the factory floor; it ensures that the products and manufacturing steps meet the customer’s specification.

3.4 Just-in-time Inventory

JIT reduces cost by obtaining inventory precisely as need—neither too early nor too late. JIT requires computers and information systems to monitor complex and interrelated inventory, and to plan and monitor the Needs analysis

同,完成的工作相同。这种业务流程的重新设计,也被称为业务流程再造( BPR 的),需要最大限度地利用信息技术,打破传统观念如何组织完成其工作。

3.3采购和制造质量

一个公司的产品和服务,质量差,不仅影响到客户的看法,而且还增加公司的成本。组织第一次诊断以质量为导向的信息需求,然后再设计的战略信息系统,以满足这些需求。专家坐标信息系统的流动从客户,到销售代理,并到工厂车间,它保证了产品和生产步骤满足客户的规格。

3.4准时库存

降低生产成本,需要准确地获取库存,既不太早,也不太晚。准时化要求计算机和信息系统,以监测复杂和相互关联的清单,并计划和监测需求分析,维护系统的分析,执行系统的设计。开发企业外部环境的企业内部环境的物流需要,以补充库存。

Maintenance Systems analysis Implementation Systems design Development Enterprise external environment Enterprise internal environment logistics required to replenish inventory.

3.5 Flattening

Advances in telecommunications and improvements in networking hardware and software spurred companies to use MIS to reorganize. Technology allows the flattening of organizational hierarchies and reduction in the number of managers motivated by the movement to team-based management. Improvements in communication technology have also supported the management of geographically separate business units from

a central corporate headquarters.

4. The Development Trend of MIS

4.1 Using Computer-aided System Engineering (CASE)

CASE is a method that defines business relationships, activities, processes, entities, and attributes (known as data definitions). CASE reduces duplicate information and quickly reconciles data among subsystem models. The software 3.5压缩

电信公司方面改善网络硬件和推动软件的进展,使用MIS系统重组。技术可以平坦的组织层次和数量的减少管理者动机是运动队的管理。改善通信技术也支持在地理上分开管理的业务部门从中央企业总部。

4.该管理信息系统的发展趋势4.1利用计算机辅助工程系统(案件)

案件的方法,业务关系,活动,程序,实体和属性(也称为数据定义)。案例减少重复的信息,并迅速协调各子系统的数据模型。该软件保持所有文件。作为系统工程师确定业务需求的应用,系统会自动保持实际文件。一旦分析和设计已经完成,数据库的结构和程序的源代码自动生

maintains all documentation. As system engineers identify application business requirements, the system automatically maintains actual documentation. Once analysis and design are complete, database structures and program source code are automatically generated.

4.2 Creating Inter-organizational System with the Internet

A growing number of companies are using the Internet to create

inter-organizational systems and check out the competition. For creating

inter-organizational systems, most organizations are simply using the Internet to create customer integrated systems and perform electronic data interchange with suppliers and customers. Others have begun to take advantage of the Internet to form electronic information partnerships for sharing information.

5. Application Example of MIS

ERP system is one of the core parts of MIS, which solves the matter of management model mainly. ERP is a popular method for enabling the business processes required to compete with the globalization. ERP cleanly integrates the different functions of an organization in 成。

4.2建立组织间系统与互联网

越来越多的公司正在利用因特网来创造组织间系统和签出的竞争。建立组织间的系统,大多数组织仅仅是利用互联网来创造客户集成系统和执行电子数据交换与供应商和客户。其他已开始利用互联网,形成电子信息的伙伴关系,共享信息。

5.MIS系统应用实例

ERP系统是一个管理信息系统的核心部分,解决问题的主要管理模式。 ERP 系统是一个受欢迎的方法,使业务流程的需要进行竞争的全球化。 ERP系统集成了干净的不同职能的组织,以便更好地提供重要信息的用户和提高数据的一致性。这有助于制造商迅速响应客户的需求。此

order to improve delivery of critical information to users and improve data consistency. This helps manufacturers to respond quickly to customer demands. In addition, the information is accurate and updated in real time by the users. It is readily accessible when critical decisions need to be made .The thesis cites an example of the successful implementing ERP system—SAP R/3 to introduce the general structure and function of ERP. ERP Function System of SAP R/3

(1) Production planning

Production logistics is the SAP solution for a modern production plan and control system. It provides quick deliverability by shortening planning cycles, providing up-to-date information, and increasing the productivity of work processes. It is flexible, since it can be used in any sector of industry. The integration of production logistics with other value chain areas of the business within the overall R/3 system ensures optimally adjusted processing of all transactions associated with logistics, from procurement and warehousing to sales and distribution. Thus, production logistics offers a high level of performance for the plan and control of the total material flow. 外,信息的准确性和实时更新的用户。这是容易获得重要决定时,需要作出的。论文举例成功实施ERP系统的SAP R/3系统推出的总体结构和功能的ERP 。

ERP系统SAP R/3系统的功能

(1)生产计划

生产物流的SAP解决方案是一个现代化的生产计划和控制系统。它提供了快速产能,缩短规划周期,提供最新的信息,及提高生产力的工作流程。它是灵活的,因为它可用于任何工业部门。一体化的生产物流与其他领域的价值链的企业的总体R/3系统,确保最佳的调整处理的所有交易相关的物流,采购和仓储,以销售和分销。因此,生产物流提供了一个高水平的绩效的计划和控制的总物质流。

(2) Sales and distribution

The sales logistics business process scenario in R/3 allows users to manage sales and distribution activities in an effective manner. The business processes include scenarios for sales, shipping, billing, sales support, and sales information. With real time, online access to sales information, such tasks as order entry, delivery, and billing are all streamlined. In addition, sales and distribution can be integrated with procurement and production planning, improving turnaround time up and down the value chain.

(3) Organization and human resource management

In many industries, the human resource typically exist in the company every field. Having modern and flexiblehuman resource processes makes better use of these assets and can make the difference in whether a company thrives over time. The R/3 has following functions in human resource management: personnel management, business event processing, time management processing, payroll processing, and salary administration.

(4) Business planning and controlling

The functionality of R/3 in the business planning and controlling area can (2)销售与分销

销售物流业务流程的情况在R / 3系统允许用户管理销售和分销活动的一个有效方式。业务流程包括情景销售,运输,结算,销售支持和销售信息。实时,在线获取销售信息,例如任务,订单输入,供货和结算都精简。此外,销售和分销可与采购和生产计划,提高周转时间向上和向下的价值链。

(3)组织和人力资源管理

在很多行业,人力资源通常存在于公司的各个领域。在现代和flexiblehuman 资源进程使更好地利用这些资产,可以使不同的公司是否蓬勃发展随着时间的推移。在R / 3系统具有以下功能的人力资源管理:人事管理,业务事件处理,时间管理处理,工资单处理,和薪金管理。

(4)业务规划和控制

R/3系统中的业务规划和控制区的功能可分为以下内容:目标成本控制,盈利能力分析,利润中心会计,和间接成本管

be divided into the following: cost object controlling, profitability analysis, profit center accounting, and overhead cost management. This information is designed to improve cost accounting in the area of sales, marketing, business planning, and product management. It is especially applicable for companies involved in manufacturing, trade, or service industries.

6. Conclusion

The process of continuously improving MIS programs is challenged by the rapid evolution of technology and the new visibility that information technology has within organizations. Of paramount importance is the infrastructure required to implement an MIS program; it must be available or achievable. MIS programs need to be frequently revised to ensure that this infrastructure is feasible and supported. 理。此信息的目的是改善成本会计领域的销售,营销,业务规划,以及产品管理。它特别适用于企业从事制造业,贸易,或服务行业。

6.结论

组织管理信息系统项目的过程中不断提高挑战技术的,信息技术迅速发展和有了新的知名度。最为重要的是所需要的基础设施实施管理信息系统的计划,它必须提供或实现的。管理信息系统的程序需要经常修订,以确保基础设施,这是可行的和支持。

References:

[1] R. Harrison, M. Wells.A Meta-analysis

of Multidisciplinary Research[J].

Conference on Empirical Assessment in Software Engineering, 2000,(2): 1-15. [2]C. Potts. Software Engineering Research

Revisited[J]. IEEE Software May,1993: 234-250.

[3]A.F. Farhoomand, D.H. Drury.A

Historiographical Examination of Information Systems [J]. Communication of the AIS, 2000, (1) :19.

[4] M. Alavi, P. Carlson. A Review of MIS

Research and Disciplinary Development: Implications for Deans/Administrators[J].

Management Information Systems, 1992,(8): 45-62. 参考文献:

[1] R. Harrison, M. Wells.A Meta-analysis

of Multidisciplinary Research[J].

Conference on Empirical Assessment in

Software Engineering, 2000,(2): 1-15. [2] C. Potts. Software Engineering

Research Revisited[J]. IEEE Software

May,1993: 234-250.

[3] A.F. Farhoomand, D.H. Drury.A

Historiographical Examination of

Information Systems [J].

Communication of the AIS, 2000,

(1) :19.

[4] M. Alavi, P. Carlson. A Review of MIS

Research and Disciplinary Development: Implications for Deans/Administrators[J].

Management Information Systems, 1992,(8): 45-62.

相关文档
相关文档 最新文档