现代大学英语精读3_unit_11课后答案

Unit 11

More Work on the Text II Vocabulary

1.

1 ) From Chinese into English.

(1) to mold youngster's thinking (11) to work miracles

(2) to restrain one's impulse (12) to acquire power

(3) to spread butter (13) to desert one's friends

(4) to set the stage (14) to desert the city

(5) to contaminate the environment (15) to settle the dispute

(6) to undergo great sufferings (16) to settle the matter

(7) to spray paint (17) to delight the eye

(8) to still the noises (J8) to invade that country

(9) to modify the tone (19) to invade someone's privacy

(10) to work unknown harm (20) to sink a well

2) From English into Chinese.

(1)妖魔所施的魔法或所下的咒语 (8)品牌名

(2)焦黄枯萎的草木 (9)化学战

(3)严峻的现实 (10)事先的调查

(4)空气的污染 (11)生死斗争

(5)致命的武器 (12)外来的物种

(6)人工合成的材料 (13)自然保护区

(7)有创造力的头脑 (14)农业的精耕细作

(1)numerous，innumerable

(2)large amount，great supply，plenty，more than enough

(3)to shake，to shiver，to shudder

(4)big，large，considerable，abundant

(5)cruel，pitiless，ruthless，severe，hard

(6)to shape，to form，to remodel

(7)to change，to transform，to revise，to convert，to modify，to vary

(8)to use

(9)prepared，adjusted，or adapted for a particular purpose

(10)exactly just

(11)to experience，to go through，to endure

(12)useless，vain，unsuccessful

(13) artificial, man-made, unnatural ~

(14) to rise, to appear, to surface, to come up, to come into view

(15) contamination

(16) deadly, fatal

(17) attack

(18) evil, wicked, threatening, frightening

(19) to alter, to change, to adjust, to adapt

3.

1) Building a house is no joking matter. You have to check carefully at

every step.

2) His troops successfully checked the advance of the enemy.

3) I really wanted to refute his arguments, but I checked myself because

I thought it was not the right occasion.

4) Are you sure that we can trust him? I think we ought to check it up

on him.

5) Our original intention was to check into a hotel, but our friend

insisted that we should stay at his p!aee.

6) Rachel Carson devoted all her life to the cause of environmental

protection.

7) They are devoted to each other. Nothing can separate them.

8) He devoted a whole chapter to this subject in his recently published

book'

9) This reservoir can hold two billion cubic meters of water.

10) At that time, we all held our breath. You could hear a needle drop.

11) Diogenes held the view that the property people hold does not really

bi~ing happiness.

12) He did not intend his discovery to be used for war purposes.

13) These colorful clothes are intended for the African market.

14) Today there are so many cars in the streets. I'd rather walk than drive.

It's quicker.

15) He would rather die standing on his feet than live on his knees.

16) You can use my bike , or rather my wife's bike.

17) I hear that the movie is intended to be a hit. But I must confess I

think it is rather silly.

4.

1) A. 4) D. 7) A. 10) D. 13) A.

2) B. 5) C. 8) B. 11) A. 14) D.

3) A. 6) B. 9) A. 12) B. 15)C.

5.

1) a piece of news 2) a piece of information

3) a newspaper/paper 20) a jacket

4) a slip/piece of paper 21) a suit (of clothes)

5) a piece of advice/a proposal (suggestion) 22) a piece of land/a

plot

6) a song 23) a piece/bar of soap

7) a piece of music 24) a piece of furniture

8) a stone/a rock 25) a rope

9) a piece of wood 26) a hair

10) a tree 27) two fish

11) a lump of sugar/a piece of candy 28) three sheep

12) a piece of evidence 29) a lot of (lots of, much,

a great deal of, a

13) a loaf of bread large amount of, a large

quantity of, large

14) a piece/slice of bread quantities of) money

15) a job 30) a lot of (lots of, many, a

greiit number

16) a means of, large numbers of)

problems

17) a fish 31) some (a little, a bit of)

time

18) a piece of cloth 32) some (a few, several)

deer

19) a piece of clothing/a garment (dress, coat)

B

1) a pair of (shoes, glasses, gloves etc) 9) a blade of (grass)

2) a drop of (water, wine' oil etc) 10) a flock of (birds,

sheep)

3) a set of (teacups, books etc) 11) a pile of (books, stones,

melons)

4) a bunch of (keys, bananas, people .etc) 12) a roll of (film, toilet

paper)

5) a glass of (beer, wine, milk etc) 13) a swarm of (bees, flies)

6) a cup of (tea, coffee etc) 14) a heap of (stones,

money)

7) a pack of (cigarettes, wolves etc) 15) a cluster of (flowers,

students)

8) a grain of (rice, salt, sand etc) 16) a herd of (cattle)

6.

1) (1) exchange (2) changed (3) exchanged, changed

(4) an exchange, an exchange

2) (1) except (2) Besides (3) beside (4) except

3) (1) used to, is used to (2) am used to (3) used to

4) (1) shaking (2) shivering (3) trembled/shook (4)

trembled

7.

1)你上月的电话费(bill账单)付了吗?

2)那个法案(bill法案)在国会里被否决了。

3)这是一张十块钱的钞票（bill钞票），你就别找了。

4)人们说这位新教皇心灵是敞开的，但思想很封闭保守。

5)这里空气很不新鲜，你们为什么不开窗?

6)这场比赛旗鼓相当，最后结果是87比86，我们赢。

7)她是我最亲密的朋友，我们感情很深。

8)仔细照看那孩子，别让他掉进火里去。

9)我要问你一个直接了当的问题，我希望你给我一个直接了当的回答。

lO)这部电影是一个才华出众的年轻人导演的。

11)一位年轻教授被委任来主持这个项目。

12)这个批评不是针对你的，你不要这么过敏。

8.

(1) out of (4) would (7) into (10) so that (13) familar

(2) leading (5) much (8) either (11) walking (14) in front of

(3) sight (6) flights (9) lit (12) had (15) heavy

III Grammar

1.

A note on prepositional phrases:

Prepositional phrases function, like adjectives or adverbs, as attributive or adverbial modifiers and object complements.

1) adverbial of place

2) along the roads: as adverbial of direction; through much of the year: adverbial of time

3) as adverbial modifier qualifying the adjective "famous", "for" being required by the adjective

4) attributive modifier qualifying "the feeding station"

5) attributive modifier qualifying "a spring"

6) adverbial of place

7) like snow: adverbial of manner; upon roofs ... : adverbial of direction

8) attributive modifier qualifying "the rebirth"

9) of life on earth: attributive modifier qualifying "history"; between living things and ..... attributive modifier qualifying "interaction"

10) to a large extent: an idiom as adverbial, modifying the whole sentence

11) adverbial of manner, "in" meaning "concerning sth. "

12) upon the environment., attributive modifier qualifying "man's assault", the choice of preposition being determined by the noun "assaults"

13) both as attributive modifier qualifying "time"

14) as adverbial of manner

15)among then：predicative in an inverted sentence；

in man’s war：adverbial of manner

against nature：attributive modifier qualifying：“man’s war"

16)since the mid-1940’S：adverbial of time；

for US：adverbial of purpose；

in killing insects，…：attributive modifier qualifying“use”

under…different names：adverbial of manner

17)along with the insects：adverbial of manner

18)on the amount of suitable habitat：attributive modifier quahfying “a limit”，the choice of

“on”being required by the noun

for each sDecies：attributive modifier qualifying“the amount of suitable habitat’’

19)with the intensification of agriculture：adverbial of manner，“of”denoting a object-action

relationship between the two nouns

of immense acreage：attributive modifier qualifying“the devotion”，“of”denoting a

object-action relationship of the two nouns

to a single crop：attributive modifier qualifying“the devotion"，20)object complement

2.

1)at(referring to all the days off)

2)on(just referring to December 25th)

3)At(used for the time and place when something begins)

4)In(the beginning)=at first；in(the end)=finally

5)by(no later than)

6)at(denoting the exact point in time)

7)For(used in an idiom meaning“for now’’or“for a short time”)

8)at(used to denote the moment of speaking)

9)before(in the presence of sb who is listening，watching，etc．)

in front of(in the position directly before)

10)in front of(ahead of，further forward in space or time than)

i i)before(used to say that sth is facing sb in the future)

in front of US：(of time)still to come

12)in the front of；before／in front of(in a position that is further forward than sb／sth but

not far away)

13)in；off

14)from

15)from

寂静的春天

雷切尔〃卡森1．从前，在美国中部有一座城镇，那里所有的生命都与周围的环境和谐相处。小镇位于肥沃的农田之间。春天，繁花如白云般漂浮在绿色的原野上。秋天，橡树、枫树和白桦树绽放出火焰般的彩色光辉，在一排排松树之间摇曳闪烁。狐狸在山间啼叫，小鹿悄悄地穿过原野。

2．道路两旁，长满了月桂树、巨大的蕨类植物还有野花，在一年中大部分时间

里，这些都使旅行者感到赏心悦I!I。即便是在冬天，路旁也是美丽的地方，无数的乌儿飞来啄食干果和从积雪中冒出的干草的穗头。事实上，这片乡村正是以其鸟类数量大、种类多而闻名。当迁徙的候鸟在春天和秋天蜂拥而至的时候，人们也从遥远的地方来此观赏。还有一些人来到小溪边钓鱼，清凉的小溪从山间流出，汇成绿荫掩映的池塘，池塘里有鳟鱼游来游去。直到多年前的一些日子里，第一批定居者在这儿建房舍、挖水井、筑粮仓。

3．后来，某个邪恶的诅咒降临到这一地区：神秘的疾病掠走了成群的小鸡；牛羊病倒，接着死亡。病人中出现了各种新的疾病，连镇里的医生们对这些疾病都越来越困惑不解。还有几起突发的死亡事'k-，死因不明，死者有大人也有孩子。

4．一片奇怪的寂静。比如说，那些鸟儿，它们去了哪儿呢?后院喂鸟的地方荒废了。仅能看到的几只鸟也颤抖得厉害，飞不起来了。这是一个没有声响的春天。这儿的清晨曾经回荡着数十种鸟的合唱。现在却变得悄无声息；只有寂静笼罩着田野、树林和沼泽地。

5．路两旁，曾经是那么吸引入，现在只是布满了像是被火烧过的焦黄、枯萎的植被。这里，一片寂{ 静，一个被生命抛弃了的地方。就连小溪现在也是毫无生气。所有的鱼都死光了，垂钓者也不再{ 光顾这里。

6．几个星期之前，一些白色粉末雪花般降落到了屋顶、草地、田间和小溪上。7．不是巫术魔法，也不是敌人的行为使这个遭受灾难的世界里的生命无法复生。而是人们自己造成了这一切。

8．实际上这么个小镇并不存在。我知道没有哪个村落经历过我所描述的所有不幸。可是，这些灾难中的每一个都确实在某个地方发生了，而且现实中许多村庄已经遭受了很多的灾难。这个想象中的悲剧可能会很容易地变成一个我们大家都将不得不面对的残酷的现实。

9．是什么使美国无数城镇的春天变得无声无响了呢?这本书试图对此做出解答。lO．地球上生命的历史一直是生物与周围环境相互作用的历史。在很大程度上，地球上植物和动物的自然形态和习性都是由环境塑造成的。相反的一方面，即生命真正地改造周围的环境，就地球生命的整个时间段来言，相对来说一直是微小的。只有在本世纪，一个新的物种——人类——获得了改造自然世界的巨大能力。

11. 在过去的1／4个世纪里，这种能力不仅越来越强，而且发生了性质变化。在人类对环境所有的侵害中，最令人震惊的是连空气、土地、河流以及大海都受到了危险的、甚至致命物质的污染。这种污染在很大程度上是难以恢复的。在如今这种普遍的环境污染中，化学物质成了辐射邪恶的帮凶，它们共同改变着世界的本质——也在改变自然界中生命体的本质。喷洒到农田、森林、花园里的化学药品长期存在于土壤中，同时进入生命有机体，并且在中毒和死亡的连锁反应中从一个有机体转移到另一个有机体。或者通过地下水以人所不能解释的形式传播，直到再次出现并形成新的种类的毒害，它毒死植物，让牲畜生病，给那些饮用曾经是纯净井水的人们不知不觉地带来伤害。正像一位科学家曾经说过的那样：“人类甚至不能够认识他们自己创造出来的魔鬼。”

12．今天，居住在地球上的生命是经过上亿年才形成的。正因为这么长的时间——不是以年来计算而是以千年来计算的时间——生命才能调整适应周围的环境，并且已经形成了一种平衡。但在现代社会里，我们没有足够的时间来调整。13．这种快速的变化是由人们轻率鲁莽的发展步伐所造成的，而不是自然界从容

发展的结果。放射性是人们干预原子的非自然产物。化学物质是人们善于发明的头脑创造的合成物，在自然界中并不存在它的对应物质。

14．适应这些化学物质不仅需要一个人一生的时间，还需要几代人付出努力。即便是由于某些奇迹，这种适应成为可能，那也是无济于事的，因为新的化学物质从我们的实验室里源源不断地涌出；仅在美国一年就有将近500种化学合成物质被应用到现实生活中。

15．这些化学物质中，有很多是人类用来对付大自然的。自从20世纪40年代中期以来，人类制造了200多种基本化学物质用于杀死昆虫、除掉杂草以及其他被称之为“害虫”的生物；这种物质有几千种不同的品牌名称。

16．这些化学物质现在普遍应用于农田、花园、森林和家庭之中，杀死了每一种昆虫，不管是“益虫”还是“害虫”，结果鸟儿不再歌唱，鱼儿不再跳跃，树叶蒙上了一层致命的毒素，毒性长期残留在土壤当中——这些都会发生，尽管人类的初衷可能只是除掉少量的野草和昆虫。有谁能相信，在地球表面投放这么多的毒药而不会影响人类的生存呢?这些东西不应叫做“杀虫荆”，而应当叫做“杀生剂”。

17．喷洒化学药品的过程陷入了一种无休止的恶性循环之中。这是因为，根据达尔文的适者生存原则，昆虫已经进化到能够对所使用的特定杀虫剂具有免疫力的程度，因此，需要发明更加致命的杀虫剂，然后是比这个更致命的。之所以这样也是因为喷洒药物后这些破坏性的昆虫经常进行“反击”或复活，而且数目较原先更多。因此，化学战争从未有谁取胜，所有的生命都会陷入激烈的冲突中。18．聪明的人类怎么能仅仅为了控制一些有害的物种，就去污染整个环境，甚至给自己的同类带来疾病和死亡威胁呢?然而，我们确确实实已经做了这些事情。19．这并不是说不存在昆虫问题，不需要控制它们。相反地，我要说的是，对害虫的控制一定要符合现实。采用的方法一定要保证我们不至于和害虫一起被毁灭掉。

20．在原始的农业条件下，农民几乎没有遇到过害虫问题。大自然赋予了地球表面许多物种，并且通过内在的控制和平衡保持各物种在一定限度之内。其中一个重要的大控制就是保持每个物种合适的栖息地是有限的。伴随着农业生产高度集中，大面积的土地用于种植一种庄稼，昆虫问题也就接踵而至。那么，很显然，依靠小麦生存的昆虫，如果是在仅种植小麦的土地里，它的数量会很多，而如果在那些小麦和其他农作物混合种植的土地里，而且该种农作物不适合此种昆虫生长，它的数量就会减少很多。

21．现代昆虫问题的另一个因素是数千种不同种类的生物从它们原有的家园四处散播。大约几亿年以前，洪水切断了各大洲之间的大陆桥．生物体发现自己被局限在一位生态学家称之为“巨大而独立的自然保护地”中。它们与同类的其他成员隔绝，从而进化出了许多新的物种。大约l，500万年前，当一些陆地板块重新结合在一起时，这些物种开始迁移并进入新的领域——这一迁移运动不仅仍在继续，而且目前正得到人类巨大的帮助。22．植物的进口是现代物种传播的重要途径，因为动物几乎总是一成不变地和植物联系在一起。在美国，大约180种主要害虫中，几乎一半是偶然从国外带进来的，它们中的大部分都是跟随着植物而来。

23．在新的领地上，由于摆脱了故乡天敌对其数量的抑制，入侵的植物和动物的数量可以变得非常多。因此，最难对付的昆虫是那些外来物种，这绝非偶然。24．艾尔顿博士认为我们正面临“一种生死攸关的需要，这不仅是指要找到抑制

这些植物和动物的新的技术手段”；相反，我们要具备动物群体以及动物与它们周围环境关系的基本知识，这些知识能够“促进稳定的平衡，控制虫灾爆炸性的发作和新物种的入侵。”

25．我的观点并不是说一定不能使用化学杀虫剂。我只是强调：我们已经不加区剐地把有毒的和有生化杀伤力的化学物质交到一些人手中，而那些人大部分或者完全不知道这些化学物质的潜在危害。我们已经使很多人接触到了这些毒药，但我们却没有征得他们的同意，甚至他们都毫不知情。而且，我认为我们允许使用这些化学物质之前，很少甚至没有预先调查这些化学药品对土壤、水、野生动物和人类自身的影响。自然界支撑所有的生命，我们却对它的和谐统一漠不关心，我们的后代是不会原谅我们的。

现代大学英语精读1课本内容及翻译

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11) Nevertheless 12) rely on 13) Apart from 14) command 1) over and over again 2) ata time 3) put it into practice 4) watching out for

5) by no means 6) concentrate on 7) In addition t 8) in detail 1) action 2) employ 3) announce 4) examination 5) communication 6) express 7) compose 8) improvement 9) concentration 10) management 11) consider 12) motivate 13) development 14) movement 15) discuss 16) operate 17) division 18) production 19) educate 20) repeat 1) additional 2) add

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U n i t 1 Baptist counsel encyclopedia agenda attitudinal contribute crisis endeavor ethical ethnic masculine resentment evaluate feminine adulthood option perceive project excessive functional genetic inherit interaction peer process stressful endowment ethnic adolescence affirm approval unquestionably heighten inhibition internalize newscast

rebel seminary theological wardrobe unit4 bearded Cynicism elegant guffaw lunatic monarch page pebble scant scratch block elaborately fountain half-naked nudge olive paradox privacy scoop squatter stroll titter sweat unit5 abundance adapt angler biocide birch bound built-in

chorus colossal confined considerable throb trout vegetation migrant suppress synthetic contamination counterpart deliberate ecologist evolve fern flame flicker gear harmony immune reserve score sicken span spiral subject mold outbreak potent primitive puzzle rapidity resurgence midst modify organism

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