英语试卷

Part I. Writing (30 minutes) （请将此题答在答题纸一上）
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title Public Transportation. Your composition should be at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. Remember to write your composition neatly.
1. 当前城市交通存在的问题；
2. 提倡公交出行的好处及可能产生的问题；
3. 我的看法和建议。

Part II. Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (20 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 20 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. Mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT Given) if the information is not given in the passage.
（请将此题答在答题纸一上）

New Rules for Landing a Job—
Interview Skills That Give You the Edge

When Nick A. Corcodilos started out in the headhunting business 20 years ago, he had a keen eye for tracking talent. From his base in Silicon Valley he would send all-star performers to blue-chip companies like Xerox, IBM and General Electronic. But while he would succeed in his part of the hunt, the job-seekers he located would often fail in theirs. They were striking out before, during or after the interview.
So instead of simple scouting for talent, Corcodilos began advertising job candidates as well. He helped improve their success ratio by teaching them to pursue fewer companies, make the right contacts and deliver what companies are looking for in an interview. In his myth-busting book, Ask the Headhunter (Plume, 1997), Corcodilos has reinvented the rules of the job search, from preparation to interview techniques. Here are his six new principles for successful job hunting.

Your resume is meaningless.
Headhunters know a resume rarely gets you inside a company. All it does is outline your past—largely irrelevant since it doesn’t demonstrate that you can do the work the hiring manager needs done. “A resume leaves it up to the employers to figure out how you can help their organization,” Corcodilos says. “That’s no way to sell yourself.” Recalling the marketing adage (古训) that a free product sample gives customers a reason to want more, he suggests you do the same: give employers an example of what you can do for them. “Create a new area in your resume. Call it ‘value offered’. In two sentences, state the value you would bring to that particular employer.” For example, “I will reduce your operation costs by streaming your shipping department.” Be specific, creating a separate resume for each company you approach.

Don’t get lost in HR
Headhunters try to get around the human-resources department whenever possible. “Most HR departments create an infrastructure that primarily involves processing paper,” Corcodilos sa

ys. “They package, organize, file and sort you. Then, if you haven’t gotten lost in the shuffle, they might pass you on to a manager who actually knows what the work is all about. While the typical candidate is waiting to be interviewed by HR, the headhunter is on the phone, using a back channel to get to the hiring manager.”
Do the same in your job search: apply directly to the person who will ultimately make the hire.

The real matching takes place before the interview.
A headhunter sends a candidate into an interview only if he or she is clearly qualified for the position. In your own job hunting, make the same effort to ensure a good fit. Know the parameters (范围) of the job when you walk into the interview. Research the company, finding out about its cultures, goals, and competitors.
One of the best ways to learn about a company is to talk to people who work there. Kenton Green of Ann Arbor, Mich., used this technique while completing a doctoral program in electrical engineering and optics in the University of Rochester: “I would find an article published by someone in my field who worked at a company I was interested in. Then I’d call that person and ask to talk, mention my employability and discuss the company’s needs. One of the two things happened: I’d either get an interview or learn we weren’t a good match after all.” As you investigate a prospective employer, you will often find you and the company are not made for each other. “And that’s good,” Corcodilos says, “because when you do find the right fit, you will walk into an interview with confidence, having decided this is where you want to work.”

Remember, the employer wants to hire you.
“A company holds interviews so it can find the best person for the job,” Corcodilos says. “The manager will be extremely happy if that person turns out to be you—because then he or she can stop interviewing and get back to work.”
So give yourself an attitude adjustment. “If you convince yourself the manager wants to hire you, you’ll have a positive attitude towards the interview, and your attitude might influence the manager to feel good about you.”

Pretend the interview is your first day at work.
Most people treat an interview as if it were an interrogation (审问). The employer asks questions, and the candidate gives answers.
Headhunters go out of their way to avoid that outline. “Your attitude should be that of an employee who’s there to talk about a new project, rather than the more obsequious attitude of a candidate who’s hoping to get an offer,” Corcodilos says.
Consider how Corcodilos coached Gerry Zagorski of Edison, N.J., who was pursuing an opening at AT&T. The vice-president handling the interview told Zagorski the meeting could last no more than 20 minutes. Zagorski walked over the VP’s marker board and outlined the company’s challenges and the steps he would take to increase its profits. Fifteen minutes later

, as Zagorski wrote down his estimate of what he would add to the bottom line, he looked up at his interviewer.
“The guy’s jaw was on the floor,” Corcodilos says. “He told Zagorski that finishing the interview wouldn’t be necessary. Instead, the VP brought in the rest of his team, and the meeting lasted for two hours.”
Not only did Zagorski demonstrate that he understood and could do the job, but also he showed how the company would profit from hiring him when he turned the interview into a working meeting.

Got an offer? Interview the company.
When an employer makes an offer, he does more than deliver a title and a compensation package—he also cedes (放弃) part of his control over the hiring process. “At the outset of the interview, the employer controls the offer and the power that comes with it,” Corcodilos says. “But upon making an offer, he transfers that power to the candidate. This is a power few people in that situation realize they have. It’s the time for you to explore changing the offer to suit your goals and fully interview the company.”
Ask to meet the members of the team you’ve been invited to join and to see the resources that would be at your disposal. Ask for more money—but only if you think you truly deserve it. And don’t worry about how the employer might react. “As long as you present your requests professionally and not as demands,” Corcodilos says, “a good company will consider the things that are important to you.”
Once you get that offer, “You have the power,” says Corcodilos, “to decide whether, and on what terms, you want to hire that company.”

1. Job-seekers are advised to give detailed information of their past in the resume.
2. A headhunter never arranges a person for an interview unless he or she is clearly qualified for a position.
3. The best way to learn about the company one is going to work in is to phone the human resources department.
4. The meeting of Zagorski lasted much longer than they had expected because the interviewers were interested in his talk and wanted to hear more.
5. The manager will feel good about you if you have a positive attitude towards the interview.
6. During the interview it is not proper for the job-seeker to present any requests about money.
7. Following the principles reinvented by Corcodilos, one is sure to succeed in finding a job.
8. When searching a job, one should apply directly to the person who will finally make the hire.
9. The interview of Zagorski was not supposed to last more than 20 minutes, actually lasted for two and a half hours.
10. By making an offer, an employer actually gives up part of his control over the hiring process.

Part IV. Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) (请将此题答在答题卡上)
Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decid

e on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.

To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.
Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is the easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.
This concept does not imply that business is benevolent (慈善的) or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transaction—the firm and the customer—and each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new King Customer!
47. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, ____________.
A) the practice of turning goods into money
B) making goods available for purchase
C) the customer-centred approach
D) a form of persuasive salesmanship
48. What was the main concern of industrialists before the marketing concept was widely accepted?
A) The needs of the market.
B) The efficiency of production.
C) The satisfaction of the user.
D) The preferences of the dealer.
49. According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1) means “_______________”.
A) to sell the largest possible amount of goods
B) to transport goods as efficiently as possible
C) to dispose of these goods in large quantities
D) to redesign these goods for large-scale production
50. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?
A) Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.
B) It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.
C) Consumers with conservative tastes are often difficult to please.
D) Products must be designed to suit the taste

of the consumer.
51. In discussing the marketing concept, the author focuses on ___________.
A) its main characteristic
B) its social impact
C) its possible consequence
D) its theoretical basis

Passage Two
Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasn’t any crime to worry about.
Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the world’s biggest community. A new study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors.
SATAN can try out a variety of well-known hacking (黑客的) tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made the program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle (闯入…行窃).
But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.
So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Web site your browser simply looked at the content. Now the Web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.
At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage.
But let’s turn to the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the world’s biggest (almost) crime-free society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isn’t much to steal. Or because vandalism (恶意破坏) isn’t much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone.
Whatever the reason, let’s enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.
52. By saying “…owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors” (Line 3-4, Para.2), the author means that ______.
A) those happy times appear still to be with us
B) there simply wasn’t any crime to worry about
C) many sites are not well-protected
D) hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in
53. SATAN, a program designed by Dan Farmer, can be used ______.
A) to investigate the security o

f Internet sites
B) to improve the security of the Internet system
C) to prevent hackers from breaking into websites
D) to download useful programs and information
54. Farmer’s program has been criticized by the public because ______.
A) it causes damage to Net browsers B) it can break into Internet sites
C) it can be used to cause disorder on all sites D) it can be used by people with evil intent
55. The author’s attitude towards SATAN is ______.
A) enthusiastic B) critical C) positive D) indifferent
56. The author suggests in the last paragraph that ______.
A) we should make full use of the Internet before security measures are strengthened
B) we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of security
C) influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net security
D) Net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the Internet

Passage Three
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?
Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of the uniform?
Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
57. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.
A) still judge a man by his clothes
B) hold the uniform in such high regard
C) enjoy having a professional identity
D) will respect an elevator operator

as much as a general in uniform
58. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform _______.
A) suggests quality work
B) discards his social identity
C) appears to be more practical
D) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
59. The chief function of a uniform is to _______.
A) provide practical benefits to the wearer
B) make the wearer catch the pubic eye
C) inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself
D) provide the wearer with a professional identity
60. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.
A) are usually helpful
B) have little or no individual freedom
C) tend to lose their individuality
D) enjoy greater popularity
61. The best title for this passage would be _______.
A) Uniforms and Society
B) The Importance of Wearing a Uniform
C) Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform
D) Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms

Passage Four
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will soil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively, fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience-train it. Obedience-training doesn’t solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training pens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog obeys a simple request of “Come here, sit!”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the pack (群) by using extreme measure. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的) role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
62. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______.
A) be just part of their nature
B) worsen in modern society
C) occur when they go wild
D) present a threat to the community
63. The primary purpose of obedience-training is to _______.
A) teach the dog to perform clever tricks
B) make the dog aware of its owner’s authority
C) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior
D) enable the dog to regain its

normal behavior
64. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.
A) essential to solving the dog’s behavior problems
B) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
C) a good way to teach the dog new tricks
D) an extreme measure in obedience-training
65. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
A) To avoid being punished.
B) To show their affection for their masters.
C) To win leadership of the dog pack.
D) To show their willingness to obey.
66. When a dog has received effective obedience-training, its owner _______.
A) can give the dog more rewards
B) will enjoy a better family life
C) can give the dog more freedom
D) will have more confidence in himself

Part V. Cloze (10 minutes) (请将此题答在答题卡上)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.

For the past two years, I have been working on students’ evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations 67 some 300 students from at 68 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally 69 and direct in their comments 70 how course work could be better 71 . Most of their remarks were kindly 72 —with tolerance rather than bitterness—and frequently were softened by the 73 that the students were speaking 74 some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 75 the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel 76 with things-as-they-are in the classroom.
Professors should be 77 from reading lecture notes. “It makes their 78 monotonous (单调的).”
If they are going to read, why not 79 out copies of the lecture? Then we 80 need to go to class. Professors should 81 repeating in lectures material that is in the text-book. “ 82 we’ve read the material, we want to 83 it or hear it elaborated on, 84 repeated.” “A lot of students hate to buy a 85 text that the professor has written 86 to have his lectures repeat it.”

67. A) involving B) counting C) covering D) figuring
68. A) best B) least C) length D) large
69. A) reserved B) hard-working C) polite D) frank
70. A) over B) at C) on D) of
71. A) presented B) submitted C) described D) written
72. A) received B) addressed C) made D) taken
73. A) occasion B) truth C) case D) fact
74. A) on B) about C) at D) with
75. A) though B) whether C) as D) if
76. A) dissatisfied B) unsatisfactory C) satisfied D) satisfactory
77. A) interfered B) interrupted C) discouraged D) disturbed
78. A) voices B) sounds C) pronunciation D) gestures
79. A) hold B) leave C) drop D) give
80. A) couldn’t B) wouldn’t C) mustn’t D) shouldn’t
81. A) refuse B) prohibit C) prevent D) avoid
82. A) Once B) Until C) However D) Unless
83. A) remember B) argue

C) discuss D) keep
84. A) yet B) not C) and D) or
85. A) desired B) revised C) required D) deserved
86. A) about B) how C) but D) only
Part VI. Translation (10 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. _______________________________________________ (铃声刚一响) the students quieted down.
88. I’m sending him a present ______________________________________________________________
_________________ (以答谢他为我们所做的一切).
89. The secretary informed me that _________________________________________ (会议将如期召开).
90. My sister and I are hosting a family party _________________________________________________
__________________________________________ (为了庆祝父母的结婚周年纪念日).
91. I was going to suggest a trip to Beijing, but she _____________________________________________
__________________________ (她先我而说出).
92. Creativity is not something one is just born with, nor ________________________________________
_______________________________________ (也未必就是高智慧的特征).
93. ___________________________________________________________________ (迅速现代化的信息技术) will attract multi-national investors and immigrants with skills.
94. If a country is split and nationalities are not united, it is ______________________________________
______________________________________________________ (就无法维持社会的稳定).
95. The Chinese doctor enjoys _____________________________ (享有很好的声誉) curing many difficult and complicated illnesses.
96. The world’s greatest sporting event, the Olympic Games, upholds the amateur ideal that ____________
__________________________________________ (重要的不是输赢，而是参与).









Part VII. Error Correction (5 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.
Part VII. Error Correction (5 minutes)
Any situation that offers the opportunity to learn
new skills carries the potential for enhancing one’s
self-worth and personal efficacy. Few of us,
however your age, possess the special talents to 97. ____________
become recognized artists, actors, or writers, but
regardless to the extent of one’s talent, creative activity 98. ____________
entails (需要) autonomy effort. Learning to paint, 99. ____________
write or perform, even at an elementary level, can 100. ___________

help but enhance one’s feelings of competency. While
participants in the classes attaining various levels of skill, 101. ___________
each of student had the tangible satisfaction of seeing his 102. ___________
or her own progress as it were reflected in successive 103. ___________
class exercises and assignments. As students mastered more
difficult painting techniques, felt more ease in performing, 104. ___________
or attempted more complex compositions, their
willingness of experiment with their 105. ___________
work increases along with their self-confidence. 106. _________