2010~2018上海英语真题专题汇编含详细解析词形变换

词形变换

一．填空题（共41小题）

1．（2018?上海）My cousin likes to collect stamps in his spare time．（stamp）【解答】根据My cousin likes to collect﹣﹣in his spare time．（stamp）可知这里收集的邮票不止一枚，所以应该用复数形式．

故填stamps．

2．（2018?上海）Look! The sixth lady from the left in the photo is my favourite teacher．（six）【解答】根据Look! The﹣﹣lady from the left in the photo is my favourite teacher．（six）可知这里表示事物的顺序，用序数词表示．

故填sixth．

3．（2018?上海）Jessie cooked a meal for her big family by herself on New Years Eve．（she）【解答】根据句中含有固定短语by oneself意为"独自的、单独"根据所给词she 故填入对应的反身代词herself"她自己"．

故答案为：herself．

4．（2018?上海）Shirley is an early bird．It was unusual for her to be late for school today．（usual）

【解答】根据该空处在句中作表语故填入形容词，所给词usual为形容词意为"寻常的"，根据上文意思"Shirley是个早起的人，"可推知今天上学迟到对她来说是不寻常的．故填入usual的反义词unusual"不同寻常的"．

故答案为：unusual．

5．（2018?上海）Fortunately，no one was seriously hurt in the earthquake several weeks ago．（serious）

【解答】根据该空处在句中作状语修饰动词hurt，故填入副词，所给词serious为形容词意为"严重的"，其对应的副词为seriously"严重地"．

故答案为：seriously．

6．（2018?上海）The development of AI（人工智能）will enable us to learn more about our brains．（develop）

【解答】根据该空处前为定冠词the后跟名词，所给词develop为动词意为"发展"其对应的名词为development"发展"表示抽象意思为不可数名词，只有单数形式．

故答案为：development．

7．（2018?上海）I will never forget the days I spent with my host family in Britain．（forgetful）【解答】根据该空处在句中作谓语故填入动词，所给词forgetful为形容词意为"健忘的"；

其对应的动词为forget"忘记"根据空格前will后跟动词原形．

故答案为：forget．

8．（2018?上海）As we all know，a careless driver is always a danger to the public．（care）【解答】根据As we all know，a﹣﹣driver is always a danger to the public．（care）从a danger to the public判断应该是一个粗心大意的司机，这里用形容词形式修饰名词．

故填careless．

9．（2016?上海）Tony's father and uncle are both policemen．They help keep the city safe．（policeman）

【解答】答案为policemen．

此处根据括号的提示，policeman可知需要填写的是"警察"，policeman为可数名词，这里是两个人﹣﹣Tony's father and uncle，因此为复数形式policemen．

10．（2016?上海）Could you pass me the seventh dictionary from the right on the shelf？

（seven）

【解答】答案：seventh

通过观察句子结构可知该空处前为定冠词the，后接名词dictionary的单数形式．结合所给词seven为基数词用来表达数量，可知应用其序数词seventh在句中作定语修饰dictionary，表达顺序，故填seventh

11．（2016?上海）Everyone believes that our team will win the match this weekend．（we）【解答】答案：our

通过观察句子结构可知该空处后为名词team，结合所给词为人称代词we，故用其相应的形容词性物主代词形式our在句中作定语，修饰名词team，故填our

12．（2016?上海）"Be careful not to touch the paintings in the museum，"Mum said．（care）【解答】答案：careful

结合所给词为care意为"小心、注意"为名词，以及该空处前为系动词be，后为not to do sth，可知填入其形容词形式careful，即固定短语be careful not to do sth 意为"小心别…、避免去干…"，故填careful

13．（2016?上海）The artist's wisdom helps him go further on the road to his dream．（wise）

【解答】答案：wisdom

通过观察句子结构可知该空处在句中作主语，再根据句子的谓语动词helps 为第三人称单数形式，故用名词的单数形式在句中作主语．结合所给词wise意为"明智的；聪明的"

是形容词其名词形式为wisdom意为"智慧，才智"为不可数名词只有单数形式，符合句子意思，语法正确，故填wisdom

14．（2016?上海）The children enjoy the life in the country and live happily with their families．（happy）

【解答】答案：happily

通过观察句子结构可知该空处在句中作状语修饰动词live，根据副词修饰动词，结合所给词为happy意为"幸福的"为形容词，其副词形式为happily，故填happily 15．（2016?上海）I have something important to discuss with you through video talk．（discussion）

【解答】答案：discuss

本题考查了固定短语，have sth to do 有…要（做），to do 为不定式作定语，动词使用为原形，结合括号内的提示discussion为名词讨论，此处应使用动词原形discuss．可知答案为discuss．

16．（2016?上海）Some wild animals may disappear forever if we don't stop hunting them．（appear）

【解答】答案：disappear

由if引导的条件状语从句的内容以及括号内的词语提示，可知会导致的结果是"消失"，因此加上前缀﹣dis，变成动词disappear，表示消失．

17．（2014?上海）Don't be afraid of making mistakes．They help you learn．（mistake）【解答】根据语境They help you learn．可知they指的是错误，所以要用mistake的复数形式．故答案为：mistakes

18．（2014?上海）The medicine should be taken twice a day after meals，George．（two）【解答】本题考查副词形式．two的副词形式为两次twice，根据语境"The medicine should be taken"药应该是一天吃两次．故答案为：twice．

19．（2014?上海）I plan to enter for a summer camp with a friend of mine．（me）【解答】本句中of是介词，后面接名词作宾语，根据所给单词，可知填名词性物主代词mine，我的．故填mine．

20．（2014?上海）I am not satisfied with the service here．I want to speak to the manager．（manage）

【解答】根据语境I am not satisfied with the service here．可知我想和经理谈谈．定冠词the 后跟manage的名词manager形式．故答案为：manager

21．（2014?上海）The boy moved quietly into the hall as the concert had already begun．（quiet）

【解答】根据the concert had already begun可知，音乐会开始男孩要悄悄地走进大厅．又因所填词修饰动词moved，所以要用quiet的副词quietly形式．故答案为：quietly 22．（2014?上海）Shops are not allowed to sell cigarettes to anyone under the age of 18．（sale）【解答】根据语境be allowed to表示"被禁止"后跟动词原形，要用sale的动词sell形式．故答案为：sell

23．（2014?上海）The soldier saved the boy from the flood with a piece of wood．（wooden）【解答】根据语境和句意用一块木头，要用wooden的名词wood表示木头形式．故答案为：wood

24．（2014?上海）Many people enjoy reading e﹣books，but I dislike it as it's bad for the eyes．（like）

【解答】根据语境可知本句描述的是客观事实，故用一般现在时．主语I是第一人称，故谓语动词用原形，根据句意Many people enjoy e﹣book，后用but表示转折，故用dislike 表示不喜欢．故答案为：dislike

25．（2013?上海）The prices of many flowers usually go up during festivals．（flower）【解答】答案：flowers．

根据空格前面的many，可知many要修饰可数名词复数，又根据后面的英语提示（flower），可知要用flower的复数形式，故填flowers．

26．（2013?上海）This is the sixth time for our school to hold the robot﹣making contest．（six）【解答】答案：sixth．根据空格前面有the，后面有time，以及后面的英语提示six，可知要用six的序数词形式sixth，表示第六次．故填sixth．

27．（2013?上海）I could hardly believe she had made a video about water pollution by herself．（her）

【解答】答案：herself．

根据空格前面的"by"，可知此处要用her的反身代词形式，构成短语by oneself意思是"

单独，独自，某人自己"，故填herself．

28．（2013?上海）The company hopes its new product will be successful on the European market．（success）

【解答】答案：successful．

success是一个名词，要用形容词来作表语，所以要用success的形容词形式，故填successful．29．（2013?上海）Larry has put on too much weight because of his unhealthy diet．（healthy）【解答】答案：unhealthy．

根据英语提示以及句子的意思，可知他吃了太多的不健康的食品才导致了体重加大，所以要用healthy的反义词，故填unhealthy．

30．（2013?上海）Jack finds it difficult to pronounce some English words correctly．（correct）【解答】答案：correctly．

副词常常用来修饰动词，根据"to pronounce some English words"可知要用correct的副词形式来修饰动词pronounce，故填correctly．

31．（2013?上海）Don't use the lift when you escape from a high building during a fire．（build）【解答】答案：building．

根据后面的英语（build）提示以及"Don't use the lift"，可知在高层建筑物发生火灾的时候，不要乘坐电梯逃生．建筑物要使用building，故填building．

32．（2013?上海）It is not wise of young people to change their jobs from time to time．（changeable）

【解答】答案：change．

根据英语提示changeable，可知要用其动词形式change，故填change．33．（2012?上海）Board games are more and more popular among teenagers．（teenager）【解答】答案：teenagers 考查单词填空．根据句意在青少年中要用名词的复数形式，故答案是teenagers．

34．（2010?上海）Joanna received many gifts when graduating from middle school．（gift）【解答】答案：gifts

依照题干，从中学毕业时通常会收到许多礼物，且括号提示为"gift"（礼物的名词），故可以确定空格是礼物gift的复数形式，而gift因字尾非y，故不是特殊形变化，只要在字尾加s即可，故答案为gifts．

35．（2010?上海）Alex is four years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten．（fourth）

【解答】答案：four

首先括号提示"forth"（第四的序数词），可以确定和"第四"有关系，再者从题干中的be动词"is"可以确定空格不是动词，再依照题意进一步推断空格为"第四"的基数词，表示四岁．故答案为four．

36．（2010?上海）Whose school uniform is that on the chair，yours or mine？（my）【解答】答案：mine．

题干后半句的"yours"为名词性的物主代词，由"your"转换而来，在本句表示为"your shcool uniform"（你的制服），根据连词or可知前后是并列的关系，故形式应该一致，据此以及括号提示的"my"（I的物主代词）推断空格也应为"我的"名词性的物主代词为mine，故答案为mine．

37．（2010?上海）It was difficult for human beings to predict weather in the past．（difficulty）【解答】答案：difficult

依照题干，有be动词"was"，可以确定空格并非动词．再者，过去的人几乎没有工具而想要预测天气，照常理认为是困难的，所以空格一定是形容词，又括号提示为"difficulty"

（困难的名词），故可以空格是困难的形容词，故答案为difficult．

38．（2010?上海）There is a beautiful painting on the wall in each room of my house．（paint）【解答】答案：painting．根据英语提示"paint"以及"on the wall in each room of my house"

可知在墙上有油画，所以要用paint的名词形式，结合空格前面的"a beautiful"所以要用painting的单数形式，故填painting．

39．（2010?上海）You need to explain your opinions quite clearly when having a debate．（clear）【解答】答案：clearly

首先括号提示"clear"为清楚的形容词，空格应为"清楚"的副词用来修饰动词"explain"，而清楚的副词为"clearly"，故答案为"clearly"．

40．（2010?上海）Let's hope that all our troubles will disappear soon．（appear）【解答】答案：disappear．

依照题干的"will"（将会的助动词）可以得知空格应为动词原形，再者题干中的"trouble"

（麻烦的名词）通常会希望麻烦消失，所以能确定空格应为"消失"的动词，而括号提示"appear"为出现的动词，因此必须把appear转换成否定的意思，即只要在字首加dis即可，故答案为disappear．

41．（2010?上海）The local people are thankful that the whole nation are helping them rebuild

the town．（thank）

【解答】答案：thankful

依照题干中的be动词"are"而得知空格不是动词．又括号提示为"thank"（感谢的动词）可以确定空格为"thank"转换成名词（thanks）或形容词（thankful）．据题意"对于…相当感激"以及"be thankful that…"解释为"对于…相当感激"，故答案为"thankful"．

二．词汇应用（共15小题）

42．（2017?上海）A seat belt can help protect passengers in many car accidents．（accident）【解答】答案：accidents．

根据A seat belt can help protect passengers in many car﹣﹣．（accident）可知安全带在许多车祸中有助于保护乘客．这里many表示许多，后面跟名词复数形式．故填accidents．43．（2017?上海）Last week the students went skating and enjoyed themselves very much．（them）

【解答】答案：themselves．

根据Last week the students went skating and enjoyed﹣﹣very much．（them）可知上周学生们去滑冰，玩得很开心．句子中enjoy oneself表示玩的高兴的意思，这里和the students 保持一致，应该用themselves，故填themselves．

44．（2017?上海）My school is going to have an open day on the tenth of next month．（ten）【解答】答案：tenth．

根据My school is going to have an open day on the﹣﹣of next month．（ten）可知我们学校下个月的10号将会有一个开放日．这里表示日期，应该用序数词形式，故填tenth．45．（2017?上海）Failure isn't always bad．It can teach you useful lessons．（use）【解答】答案：useful．

根据Failure isn't always bad．It can teach you﹣﹣lessons．可知失败并不总是坏事，它能教给你有用的教训．lessons是个名词复数形式，前面应该用形容词，useful，形容词，有用的．故填useful．

46．（2017?上海）For your safety，smoking is not allowed during the whole flight．（safe）【解答】答案：safety．

根据For your﹣﹣，smoking is not allowed during the whole flight．（safe）可知为了您的安全，在整个飞行过程中不允许吸烟．这里your是个形容词性物主代词，后面应该跟名词形式，safety，名词，安全．故填safety．

47．（2017?上海）Our manager greeted the guest politely with a smile at the entrance．（polite）【解答】答案：politely．

根据Our manager greeted the guest﹣﹣with a smile at the entrance．（polite）可知我们的经理在入口处微笑着礼貌地向客人致意．这里修饰动词应该用副词形式，politely，副词，有礼貌地，故填politely．

48．（2017?上海）Scientists often suggest that farmers use natural ways to grow fruits．（suggestion）

【解答】答案：suggest．

根据Scientists often﹣﹣that farmers use natural ways to grow fruits．（suggestion）可知科学家们经常建议农民用自然的方法种植水果．句子缺少谓语，所以这里应该用一个动词形式，often表示经常，通常用于一般现在时之中，suggest，动词，建议．故填suggest．49．（2017?上海）When they felt helpless after the flood，the charity offered them food and clothes．（help）

【解答】答案：helpless．

根据When they felt﹣﹣after the flood，the charity offered them food and clothes．（help）可知当洪水过后他们感到无助时，慈善组织给他们提供了食物和衣服．这里feel是个系动词，后面跟形容词形式，再根据after the flood，可知洪水过后应该是感到无助，所以用helpless，形容词，无助的．故填helpless．

50．（2012?上海）The students took the PISA test in three subjects﹣reading，maths and science．（third）

【解答】答案：three 考查单词填空．根据句意应该是三个科目，third意为第三，为序数词，本题要用基数词，故答案是three．

51．（2012?上海）I liked to walk in fields on snowy days and to see my footprints left behind．（snow）

【解答】答案：snowy 考查单词填空．根据题干：要用形容词修饰名词days，snow是名词，形容词是snowy．

52．（2012?上海）British people often begin their conversations by talking about the weather．（Britain）

【解答】答案：British 考查单词填空．根据句意：Britain是名词，意思为英国，句子是要用adj 表示英国人，应该用British．

2018上海中考英语试卷及答案

2018年上海市初中毕业统一学业考试 英语试卷 考生注意 本卷有7大题,共94小题 2.试卷满分150分。考试时间100分钟。 全部试题均采用连续编号。请将所有答案做在答题纸的指定位置上,做在试卷上一律不给分。 Part I Listening(第一部分听力) 1. Listening comprehension(听力理解)(共30分) A. Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片)(6分) 1、________ 2、_________ 3、__________ 4、__________ 5、__________ 6、__________ 上海市教育考试院保留版权 初中学业考试(2018)英语试卷第1页(共10页)

B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题,选出最恰当的答案)(8分) 7. A)Apple. B)Banana. C) Orange . D)Pear. 8.A)At8:45. B)At 9:00. C)At9:15. D)At 9:30. 9. A)By bus. B)By bike. C) By car. D)By underground. 10. A)Rainy. B) Cloudy. C)Sunny. D )Windy. 11. A)Visit his uncle. B)Visit his classmates. C) Go to London. D) Go to a language camp. 12. A)In a store. B)At home. C) At the cinema. D)In a restaurant. 13.A) Husband and wife. B) Doctor and patient. C)Shop assistant and customer. D)Teacher and student. 14. A) Talk to Lucy. B)Go to the supermarket. C) Eat more. D)Lose some weight. C. Listen to the dialogue and tell whether the following statements are true or false TF 列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示)(6分) 15. Mary has just become a college student. 16. Simon doesn’t enjoy classroom discussions. 17. Mary has nothing interesting to do after class. 18. Simon will volunteer for an international exhibition in Shanghai. 19. Mary and Simon will go to Shanghai together in five months. 20. Simon gives Mary some suggestions about how to choose a job in China. D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences(听短文,完成下列内容。每空格限填一词)(10分) 21. Kitty wanted to plant a _____ ______with beautiful flowers for Mum's birthday. 22. Dad found that the flowers were _______ ______. They were plastic. 23. Dad went to Mr. White _______ _______some flower seeds. 24. Kitty and Dad worked for _______ ______ before Mum came back. 25. After Mum heard the ________ ________ she was moved to tears. 初中学业考试(2018)英语试卷第2页(共10页)

2018年小升初英语考试真题及答案

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attract --- attraction 吸引 conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争，比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论 educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- description描写，描绘express ----expression 词语；表达graduate --- graduation 毕业 operate --- operation 操作，动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力introduce ---introduction 介绍 instruct --- instruction 指导，介绍invent--- inventor / invention 发明illustrate --- illustration 阐明，举例说明invite --- invitation 邀请 inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute --- pollution 污染 predict ---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve --- resolution 决心

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govern 统治--- government 政府manage---management 经营管理2．V+ tion 结尾 admit --- admission 承认 attract --- attraction 吸引conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争，比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- description描写，描绘express ----expression 词语；表达graduate --- graduation 毕业operate --- operation 操作，动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力

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一、

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初中英语词性转换归纳 1 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve --- achievement 成就advertise --- advertisement 广告agree --- agreement 同意 apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue --- argument 争吵 commit --- commitment 奉献compliment 称赞，恭维 develop --- development 发展disgree --- disagreement 不赞同department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备--- equipment 装备，器材govern 统治--- government 政府manage---management 经营管理2．V+ tion 结尾 admit --- admission 承认 attract --- attraction 吸引conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争，比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论 educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- deion描写，描绘express ----expression 词语；表达graduate --- graduation 毕业 operate --- operation 操作，动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力introduce ---introduction 介绍 instruct --- instruction 指导，介绍invent--- inventor / invention 发明illustrate --- illustration 阐明，举例说明invite --- invitation 邀请 inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute --- pollution 污染 predict ---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve --- resolution 决心 impress --- impression 印象 permit --- permission 允许

上海初中英语单词词性转换汇总.pdf

2. vent— inventor(人)-- invention(物) 3. use—useful-used 4. teach—teacher 5. conduct— conductor 6. care—careful--carefully 7. play— player 8. visit—visitor9. careless—carelessly—carelessness 10. clean—cleaner 11. inspect- inspector 12. wake--awake 13. speak-- speaker 14. piano—pianist15. sleep—asleep 16. cook—cook(人)—cooker(物)17. science— scientist 18. miss—missing 19. dance— dancer 20. art—artist21. fish--fishing 22. drive- driver 23. tour-tourist24. kind-kindness 25. farm-farmer 26. joural- jouralist 27. nature--natural 28. mange-manger 29. library- librarian 30. cover-discover 31. foreign- foreigner 32. music--musician33. feather--feathered 34. help-helper 35. busy-business-- businessman 36. follow--following 37. read-reader 38. post- postman/postwoman 39. enter-entrance 40. write- writer 41. sit--seat42. danger--dangerous 43. run- runner 44. wool--woollen45. serve--service 46. win-47. lose--lost48. pride--proud