词汇学

词汇学练习题

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket

1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into( )

A. perfect homonyms

B. homonyms

C. homophones

D. all the above

2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example( )

A. ad for “advertisement”

B. dish for “food"

C. fond for “affectionate”

D. an editorial for “an editorial article"

3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over( )

A. the reader’s interpretation

B. the neighbouring words

C. the writer's intention

D. the etymology of the word

4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order?

A. extra-

B. pro-

C. re-

D. semi-

5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary?

A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology

B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary

C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs

D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms

6.Which of the following statements is Not true?

A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world.

B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary.

C. Concept is universal to all men alike.

D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language.

7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form( )

A. physical context

B. grammatical context

C. lexical context

D. linguistic context

8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is( )

A. definition

B. explanation

C. example

D. hyponym

9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that( )

A. it can refer to the common core of a language

B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language

C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period

D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field

10.The idiom "a dark horse" is a( )

A. simile

B. metaphor

C. metonymy

D. personification

11.An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ( ) and the latter is not.

A. structurally changeable

B. semantically analyzable

C. structurally fixed

D. easily understood

12.We can work out the meaning of heliocentric and geocentric according to( )

A. morphological structure

B. relevant details

C. grammatical structure

D. physical context

13.What causes the ambiguity of the sentence ”I like Mary better than Janet"? ()

A. V ocabulary

B. Situation

C. Structure

D. None of the above

14.Early Modern English refers to the language spoken( )

A. from 1066 to 1500

B. from 1150 to 1500

C. from 1500 to 1700

D. from 1600 to 1800

15.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are known as ( )

A. bound roots

B. free morphemes

C. inflectional morphemes

D. derivational affixes

16. Degradation can be illustrated by the following example[ ]

A. lewd → ignorant

B. silly → foolish

C. last → pleasu re

D. knave → boy

17. Homophones are often employed to create puns for desired effects of: [ ]

A. humour

B. sarcasm

C. ridicule

D. all the above

18. The four major modes of semantic change are _____. [ ]

A. extension, narrowing, elevation and degradation

B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation

C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation

D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation

19. The use of one name for that of another associated with it is rhetorically called _____. [ ]

A. synecdoche

B. metonymy

C. substitution

D. metaphor

20. Idioms adjectival in nature function as _____. [ ]

A. adjectives

B. attributes

C. modifiers

D. words

21. Grammatical context refers to _____ in which a word is used. [ ]

A. vocabulary

B. grammar

C. semantic pattern

D. syntactic structure

22. In the idiom 'in good feather', we change 'good' into 'high, full' without changing meaning. This change of constituent is known as _____ . [ ]

A. addition

B. replacement

C. position-shifting

D. variation

23. The word "laconic" is _____. [ ]

A. onomatopoeically motivated

B. morphologically motivated

C. semantically motivated

D. etymologically motivated

24. CCELD is distinctive for its _____. [ ]

A. clear grammar codes

B. language notes

C. usage notes

D. extra columns

25.Which of the following words is NOT formed through clipping? [ ]

A. Dorm

B. motel

C. Gent

D. Zoo

26.Old English has a vocabulary of about _____ words. [ ]

A. 30,000 to 40,000

B. 50,000 to 60,000

C. 70,000 to 80,000

D. 80,000 to 90,000

27. _____ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as separate words. [ ]

A. Roots

B. Stems

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

28. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of _____ in the Middle English period. [ ]

A. Dutch origin

B. Danish origin

C. Latin origin

D. Greek origin

29. A word is a symbol that _____ . [ ]

A. is used by the same speech community

B. represents something else in the world

C. is both simple and complex in nature

D.shows different ideas in different sounds

30.Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they _____. [ ]

A. are complex words.

B. are technical words

C. refer to the commonest things in life.

D. denote the most important concepts.

II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book

1._________________meaning refers to the part of speech, tenses of verbs, etc.

2.The word __________has the old meaning "servant" and the elevated meaning "head of a ministry".

3.The relationship between sound and meaning is arbitrary or ______________.

4.When a word with more than one meaning is used in unclear context, it creates _______________.

5.Almost all affixes are __________morphemes because few can be used as independent words.

6. The same idiom may show _____ differences when it is used in different meanings including affective meaning.

7. LDCE is a _____ dictionary.

8. Antonyms are classified on the basis of _____.

9. The opposite of semantic elevation in meaning change is called _____.

10. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but have limited _____.

III. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1）types of meaning changes;2）types of meaning;3）language branches and 4）features of idioms

A B

1.reiteration ( ) A. high and low

2.repetition ( ) B. pick and choose

3.juxtaposition ( ) C. face to face

4.perfect homonym ( ) D. Failure is the mother of success.

5.personification ( ) E. hiss

6.portus ( ) F. bear; bear

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d813030052.html,e ( ) G. twitter

8.heart ( ) H. cat

9.birds ( ) I. port

10.snakes ( ) J. heart and soul

11. grammatical meaning ( ) K. Scottish

12. reading-lamp ( ) L. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl

13. pen ( ) M. morphologically motivated

14. alliteration ( ) N. head of a state

15. difference in connotation ( ) O. answer/ respond

16. elevation ( ) P. etymologically motivated

17. degradation ( ) Q. garage ( a place for storing cars)

8. narrowing ( ) R. thing (any object or event)

19. extension ( ) S. part of speech

20. Celtic ( ) T. knave (a dishonest person)

IV. Study the following words and expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined;2）types of word formations;3）types of meaning and 4）types of meaning of idioms.

1.making a restatement of a new word or concept in familiar words ( )

2.sitcom ( )

3.the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school ( )

4.form cradle to grave ( )

5.might and main ( )

6.fax ( )

7.disobey,impolite, ( )

8.hussy:"housewife"→"a woman of low m orals"( )

9.disease:"discomfort"→"illness"()

10.fond:"foolish"→"affectionate"()

11. heart and soul ( )

12. father—male parent ( )

13. mother—female parent ( )

14. city-bred ( )

15. lip-reading to lip-read ( )

16. headache ( )

17. antecedent ( )

18. preview ( )

19. receive ( )

20. called ( )

V. Define the following terms

1.dictionary

2.pejoration

3.idioms nominal in nature

4.Germanic

5.allomorph

6. specialized dictionary

7. collocative meaning

8. transfer

9. morpheme

10. old English

VI. Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short Write your answers in the space given below.

1.What are the stylistic features of idioms?

2. How would you explain the difference between back formation and suffixation? Give examples to illustrate your point.

3. How do you distinguish inflectional affixes and derivational affixes?

4.What's the fundamental difference between radiation and concatenation? Illustrate your points.

5. What is dismembering?

6. What is collocative meaning? Give one example to illustrate your point.

VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d813030052.html,ment on the following pairs of sentences in terms of superordinate and subordinates.

a. The man said he would come to our school next week.

b. The visiting scholar said he would visit our university next Monday.

2.Analyes the morphological structures of the following words and point out the types of the morphemes. unbearable, international, ex-prisoner

3. The 'pen' is mightier than the 'sword'.

Explain what 'pen' and 'sword' mean respectively using the theory of motivation.

4. Study the following sentence, paying special attention to the words in italics. If you find anything wrong, please explain why and then improve the sentence. (100 words)

The police were ordered to stop drinking about midnight.

词汇学试题(1)

哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes

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学习《英语词汇学》的心得体会

学习《英语词汇学》的心得体会 外语系：张颖

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大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题

2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek

词汇学论文

词汇学论文

英汉词汇文化内涵对比研究 摘要 词汇是语言的载体，是沟通和交流的基础，是文化的组成部分，同时也具有文化内涵。文化，是语言发展的成果，是社会意识形态的集中反映，影响着社会生活，也影响着词汇的发展和变迁。英汉词汇因所属国的文化历史国情不同而具有不同的文化内涵，集中体现在构词、语义和词义上等等。本文通过分析对比英汉词汇文化内涵上的差异及其原因，旨在指导读者正确认识不同语言间的文化差异，更好地联系文化内涵深入地了解词汇的相关知识，从而在对语言的把握上提高一个层次。 关键词：词汇，对比，文化内涵，文化差异 1. 引言 人类社会在发展过程中产生了语言和文化，在语言的各个组成成分中，最能反映民族文化特征的是该民族语言的词汇，词汇背后反映的是该民族的文化认知方式。英汉词汇因本民族的文化成就而有所差异，通过对比研究这两种语言的文化内涵，不仅可以凸显被对比语言的共性和特性，有重要的学术价值，也有利于有针对性地制定学习和教学策略，更可以为语言的综合研究提供相关资料，为词汇学的发展做出积极贡献。 2. 文化内涵 2.1 文化内涵的定义 英国人类学家爱德华·泰勒于1871年提出——文化是一个复合整体，包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、习俗以及作为一个社会成员的人所习得的其他一切能力和习惯。这是以后文化被重复和扩展定义的基础。文化具有传承性，动态性，民族性和多样性，文化作为一种历史现象，不同民族拥有不同文化，不同的文化之间既有共性又有个性。语言作为文化的载体，语言的使用离不开作为社会河文化成员的人以及使用的语言环境。 2.2 文化与词汇的联系

3.3 谚语 谚语是心理，语言与文化的综合产物。英汉中存在具有共同比喻的谚语，如：火上浇油——pour oil in the flame 半斤八两——sin and half dozen 破釜沉舟——burn one's boats 以牙还牙——a tooth for a tooth 但由于两个民族有各自独特的文化背景和各自独特的风俗习惯，思维方式，因此谚语联想，引申和比喻上有很大的不同。例如汉语“拍马屁”取自古人讨好某人时，用手拍主人的马的屁股，说，“好马，好马”，而英语对应的意思是lick one's boots，舔靴子之意，再如：害群之马——black sheep；一箭之遥——at a stone’s throw; 掌上明珠——the apple of one’s eye; 棋逢对手——diamond cuts diamond.这些谚语后都蕴含着各自的文化信息。英语有时从字面上表达一个意思，实际上整体意义完全不同，如pull one’s leg——拉后腿，前者是“戏弄人”的意思，后者是“阻挠或牵制别人的行为”。再如，move heaven and earth 不是天翻地覆的意思，而是竭尽全力的意思。类似的谚语还有很多。 4. 英汉词汇文化内涵差异产生的原因 4.1 构词方法不同 英汉语在构词法上既有共性，又存在一定的差异，具有各自的特殊性。汉英语属于两种差异较大的语言类型,从来源来看,汉语属于汉藏语系,英语属于印欧语系；从类型上讲,汉语属于分析语,英语属于综合分析语；汉语是象形表意文字，英语是表音文字，汉语重意合，而英语重形合,这些都取决于汉英两种民族不同的思维方式和民族心理素质,不同的思维方式和民族心理素质就会产生不同的语言形式,这些自然也会在构词上有所体现。 4.2 思维方式和认知方式不同 总体而言，汉族人的认知方法倾向于感性和具体，而西方人认知方法比较理想和抽象。汉语数词的使用频率远高于英语的数词就可以说明这个问题，如，“五体投地”，“八面埋伏”，“九死一生”，“十全十美”，“三思而行”等等。西方文化是一种重分析性，实证性和逻辑性的认识文化，要求周密，精确和明细

词汇学的基本知识

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与词汇学相关书目总结

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英语词汇学教程参考答案

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《英语词汇学》期末考试试卷附答案

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《词汇学》教案

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英语词汇学串讲(上中下)

英语词汇学串讲<上> 第一讲： 1.考试题形式分为： Ⅰ.选择题(30分)：完全是考书中的例子，理论与例子的结合,也就是‘Theory’和‘Example’ 的结合。 Ⅱ.填空（10分）：考特例,不是考简单的‘Examples﹑Theory’而是考‘Exceptions’ . Ⅲ.（10分）考试内容： ⅰ.Types of meaning changes: 词意变化的种类 ⅱ.Types of meaning : 词义的种类，如：概念意义，联想意义，情感意义等。 ⅲ.Languages branches :语系与语族, 语系如：印欧语系；语族如：一个大的语系下分为那几个小的语族，如：日尔曼语族，斯堪的纳维亚语族等。 ⅳ. Feathers of idioms: 习语的特点 Ⅳ.(10分) 考试内容： ⅰ.Types of Bound Morphemes: 粘着词素的种类 ⅱ.Types of Word Formations: 构词法的种类 ⅲ.Types of Meaning: 词义的种类 ⅳ.Types of Meaning of Idioms:习语涵义的种类 Ⅴ. 名词解释(10分)： Ⅵ. 简答题(12分)： ⅰ.比较题：两种理论/概念之间的区别就叫比较题，比如说‘概念意义与联想意 义有何区别，粘着词素与派生词根有何区别，两种事物与两种理论之间的区别等。 ⅱ.名词解释扩展题：难的名词解释派生的简答题，如:Affected Meaning 名词解释起来太长了，放在简答题里，就成为：What is Affected Meaning, briefly exemplify it. ⅲ.Optional: 可考可不考的题，往往是给出名词让你举例子 Ⅶ.分析题(18分)：给出例子，让你用理论加以分析。 二. 串讲内容： Introduction 部分： Lexicology 这门课算哪一种学科的分支: Lexicology is a branch of linguistics. Lexicology和那些重要的学科建立了联系: 1)Morphology 2) Semantics 3) Stylistics 4) Etymology 5) Lexicography词典编纂 研究lexicology 的两大方法: 1) Diachronic approach : 历时语言学 2) Synchronic approach : 共时语言学 e.g. wife 纵观历时语言学的方法论，woman 词义的变化算是词义变化的哪一种模式？ Woman 的词义的变化算Narrowing or specialization 第一章部分： What is word ?

《英语词汇学教程》论文(中文版)

英语词汇学论文(中文版) 单词记忆法细谈 一，读音规则记忆法 它就是按照元音字母、元音字母组合、辅音字母及辅音字母组合在开音节和闭音节的读音规律记忆。例如：ea，ee，er，ir，ur，or分别能发［i：］［：］［：］等。还有些固定的字母组合，例如：ing发［i］，ly发［li］，ty发［ti］和各种前缀、后缀，例如：a-，re-，un-，dis-，im-；-ed，-ing，-ly，-er，-or，-ful，-y等都有其比较固定的发音。掌握了这些规则，记单 词时就不必一个字母一个字母地记忆了。 二.字母变化记忆法 英语单词中以某个单词为基础，加、减、换、调一个字母就成了另一个新单词。具体方法 如下： 1.前面加字母。例如：is/his，ear/near/hear，read/bread 2.后面加字母。例如：hear/heart，you/your，plane/planet 3.中间加字母。例如：though/through，tree/three，for/four 4.减字母。例如：she/he，close/lose，star/tstar 5.换字母。例如：book/look/cook，cake/lake/wake/make/take 6.调字母（即改变字母顺序）。例如：blow/bowl，sing/sign， from/form 三.联想记忆法

在日常生活中可以根据所处的环境，所见到、所摸到的事物，联想相关的英语单词。例如： 打球时联想到：ball，(play)basketball，(play)football，(play)volleyball，playground等等；吃饭时联想到：dining-room，(have)breakfast，(have)lunch，(have)supper等等；睡觉 时联想到：bed，bedroom，gotobed，sleep，gotosleep，fallasleep等等。如果长期坚持下支，效果就会很好。 四.归类记忆法 众所周知，单词本身、单词与单词之间都存在着或多或少的联系，英语词汇中 有许多单词有着其近义词、反义词、一词多义、一词多音、同音词或形音形似词等内 在或外在的联系。因此，记忆单词的主要方法是把单词之间存在的这种联系挖掘归纳 出来，通过对比、对照的方式把学过的单词从各个方面进行归类 1.按词的构造归类 按词跟、前缀、后缀、合成词归类，找出词与词最本质 的联系。这种联系不仅使新词记得快、记得牢、记得久，而 且也同时复习了大量的旧词。合成词，如： schoolbag,school-boy,classroom,football,blackboard,etc. 前缀后缀词，如：unhappy,unhealthy,unfriendly,unlucky,worker,writer,visitor,us