2018届二轮复习 动词短语考点各个击破 (15页word版)

2018届二轮复习动词短语考点各个击破

[基础考法]

合语境填充介词或副词，补全动词短语；也会考查到动词与名词的搭配。短文改错中对动词搭配的考法为动词短语中介词或副词的错用、多余或漏用。

[典型例题1]

(2015·高考湖北卷改编)There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage lies his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.

解析：句意：毫无疑问，这名候选人的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流。lie in为固定搭配，意为“在于……”。答案为in。

考法总结：空前的动词lie为不及物动词，接宾语时必须加介词，根据句意可知此处考查短语lie in。

[典型例题2]

(2014·高考广东卷语法)I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged the reservation.

解析：句意：我不明白为何会发生这种事，我的信用卡里已经被收取了预订款。charge ...for ...为固定搭配，意为“对……收费”。故填for。

考法总结：本题题干较长。句子是由and连接的并列句，因此可先不管and前面的部分，而分析后面的句子。空格前为谓语动词had been charged，空格后为名词，两者之间只能填介词。表示“对……收费”应用charge ...for ...。

[典型例题3]

(2014·高考浙江卷改错)Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket，which was eventually found under a seat several rows from the owner.

解析：句意：然后车厢里的所有人都开始寻找车票，最后，在离车票失主几排座位远的一个座位下找到了这张车票。search for意为“寻找；搜寻”，为固定搭配，因此在searching后加for。

考法总结：search意为“寻找”，需加介词for，相当于look for；search还可直接带宾语，意为“搜查”。

[典型例题4]

(2016·高考浙江卷改编)When their children lived far away from them，these old people felt cut from the world.

解析：句意：当他们的孩子们住得远离他们的时候，这些老人觉得与世隔绝了。cut off意为“使……与外界隔绝”。故填off。

[典型例题5]

(2016·高考天津卷改编)I'm going to take advantage

this tour to explore the history of the castle.

解析：句意：我打算利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。take advantage of意为“利用”，符合句意。故填of。

[能力考法]

示强调或倒装的助动词(do，does，did等)或情态动词；如果设空处后是动词的过去分词或现在分词，则很可能是需要be动词(am，is，are，was，were)或have(has，had)构成被动语态或某种时态；如果设空处后为形容词，则所填的词应为系动词。

[典型例题1]

(2014·高考江苏卷改编)Top graduates from universities

chased by major companies.

解析：句意：大学里优秀的毕业生受到大公司的青睐。空后的chased为过去分词形式，由语境尤其是by major companies可知，这里应该用被动语态，所以应该用助动词be。此处描述的是现在的一般现象，主语为复数名词。故填are。

同一动词和不同的介词或副词搭配会有不同的意义，如：take up，take off，take over，take apart等。此外，动词加双宾语的结构中，宾语不同，介词也会不同，如：provide sb. with sth.与provide sth.for/to sb.。

考生要根据用法或语境来确定介词或副词。因此，要牢记动词的搭配以及动词固定短语的意义，尤其是有多种含义的动词短语。解题时，要根据语境来核实所填介词或副词与动词构成的搭配是否符合文意。

[典型例题2]

(2016·高考江苏卷改编)Many businesses started up by college students have taken thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.

解析：句意：多亏了良好的创业环境，很多由大学生创办的公司已经迅速发展起来。take off意为“突然开始成功”，符合句意。所以填off。

[对应学生用书P158]

考点动词短语

动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的习惯搭配，常见的有add，break，call，carry，come，cut，die，go，get，look，make，put，pay，pick，set，turn，take等动词构成的短语。

1．add的常考短语

add ...to ...把……加到……add to增加，增添

add up(把……)加起来add up to总计为，共达

The cost of the two trips added up to 3，000 dollars.

两次旅行的费用加起来达3000美元。

2．agree的常考短语

agree with sb./sth.同意某人的看法

食物/天气＋agree with sb.食物/天气适合某人

agree to sth.同意(某个建议、计划、安排、办法等)

agree on sth.在某事上达成一致意见

agree to do sth.同意做某事

[巧辨异同]agree with，agree to，agree on

agree with一般后接人或表示“意见，看法”的词，表示“同意某人的看法”；还可用物作主语，表示“与……一致”或“(食物、气候等)适合……”。

agree to表示“就某事达成一致”，后接表示“计划、安排、建议”等的词。

agree on表示“对……取得一致意见”，其主语一般是协商一件事的人或单位，后面常接表示具体协议的文件、计划、行动等名词。

3．break的常考短语

break down失败；发生故障；(身体、精神)垮掉

break out爆发break through 突破；突围

break off中断；突然停止break up 打碎；结束；(被)分离

break in突然打断break into 破门而入

break away突然离开；逃脱；脱离

Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.

在灾难中无线网络瘫痪的时候，老式电话起到了重要作用。

4．bring的常考短语

bring about引起；导致bring back 拿回来；使恢复

bring down打倒；使降低bring in 引进；赚得bring out出版；使显现bring up 提出；养育；呕吐

Born into a family with three brothers，David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.

(因为)戴维出生于有三兄弟的家庭，因此养成了分享意识。

Li Na's success has aroused new interest in tennis in China，which has also brought about a debate among fans，tennis players and experts.

李娜的成功唤起了中国人对网球新的兴趣，也引发了球迷、网球运动员和专家之间的讨论。

5．carry的常用短语

carry on继续，坚持carry out 执行，实施carry through渡过(难关)；完成，实现

Fun though all this may sound，it's still rather messy and better read

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