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外文翻译----浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗

Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to can consume with the

warm

Summary:The research constructs environment, understanding a warm an air condition to carry output reason and influencing factor, can be more and reasonably put forward solve problem of method.

Keyword:Constructing a warm of environment an air condition can consume

Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to can consume with the warm

The energy provided motive for the development of the economy, but because of various reason, the development of the energy is a usually behind in economy of development.In the last few years, the growth rate maintenance of citizen's total output value of China are in about 10%, but the growth rate of the energy only have 3% ～s 4%.Such situation's requesting us has to economize on energy.The comparison that constructs the energy depletion in the society always the ability consume compares greatly, the building of the flourishing nations' use can have to the whole country generally and always can consume of 30% ～s 40%;China adopts the town population of the warm area although only 13.6% that have national population, adopt warm use an ability but have a whole country and always can consume of 9.6%.Construct the economy energy is the basic trend of the building development, is also a new growth of[with] the contemporary building science technique to order.The necessity of the modern building constitutes a part of warm, the air condition realm has already received the influence of this kind of trend as well, warm the economy energy within air condition system is cause a warm the attention of the air condition worker, and aims at different of the adopt of energy characteristics and the dissimilarity building of the nation,region is warm,well ventilated,the air condition request develop a related economy energy technique.The research constructs environment, understanding a warm an air condition to carry output reason and influencing factor, can be more and reasonably put forward solve problem of method.

Warm the air condition can consume of constitute

For creating comfortable indoor air condition environment, have to consume a great deal of energy.Warm the air condition can consume is the building can consume medium of big door, reside to statistics a warm an air condition in the flourishing nation and can consume to have 65% that building can consume, canning consume to share by building always can consume of 356% calculation, warm the air condition can consume to share and always can consume of the comparison is up to 22.75% unexpectedly, be showed from this the building economy energy work of point should be warm the economy energy of the air condition.The air condition can consume to constitute and can see from the warm:Warm the air condition system can consume main the decision is cold in the air condition,hot the burden really certainly installs with the reasonable of the air condition system, the decoration of the air condition system and the choice of the air-condition take the air condition burden as basis of.So warm air condition economy energy of the key is the air condition the external world to carry to carry and inner part really settle, and warm air condition economy energy the work should also begin from this aspect, reasonable decoration building of position, the exactitude chooses the shape and material etc.s of the outside wall,door,window,roof, reducing air condition burden as far as possible.

The influence of the indoor environment

Warm the target of the air condition is for people to provide comfortable life and produce indoor hot environment。Take can make the human body hold the balance but satisfy people's comfortable felling as a purpose in the general comfortable sex air condition;In the constant temperature wetly or have the craft air condition of[with] clean request, everything takes satisfying to produce a craft as a target.But the building of the house the hot work design is the heat that the fitting land utilization uses the house maintenance structure to lead sex, resisting the variety of the outdoors weather, making comfortable tiny weather of creation inside the room.

Round to protect a warm of structure the influence of[with] air condition burden

Round to protect structure to include the outer circle structure with inside round to protect structure.The outer circle protects structure to mainly include the house noodles,outside wall and window;(include the veranda door etc.)Inside round to protect structure to mainly includein ground,crest,inside separate wall etc..In adopt the warm building, the comparison that rounds to protect structure to transmit heat hot loss to share total heat to lose is bigger, with 4 units 6 the brick wall,the concrete building knothole typical model of the layers many layer buildings for example, the region in Peking, pass to round to protect structure to transmit heat hot lose about 77% of have the all hot loss;(among them outside the wall is 25%, the window is 24%, the stairs partition wall is 11%, the house noodles is 9%, the veranda door the lower part is 3%, ground 2%)The air that passes the doors and windows blind side permeate hot lose to have 23% about;The region in Harbin, pass to round to protect structure to transmit heat hot lose about 71% of have the all hot loss;(among them outside the wall is 28%, the window is 28%, the house noodles is 9%, the veranda door the lower part is 1%, the outside door is 1%, ground 4%)The air that passes the doors and windows blind side permeate hot lose to have 29% about.Be showed from this an improvement to round hot work function of protect the structure an air condition for the warm.

The economy energy has important meaning.

Influence constructed the programming design an air condition economy energy to the warm.

Program a design construct the important aspect of[with] the economy energy design, programing economy energy a design should choose an address from the construction,cent area,the building and road set up an alignment,building directions toward,building type of figure,building be apart from,winter monsoon predominance

direction,the sun radiation,building the exterior space environment constitute etc. carry on a research.

With excellent turn the tiny weather environment of the building;Be advantageous to economy energy, full value and make use of the solar energy,winter predominance direction of wind,geography and geography, make use of natural factor.The design of economize on energy the programming is the beneficial and disadvantageous influence of decision factor,the radiation factor,the atmospheric-circulation factor and the geography factor that analyzes to make good, passing a building of the programming layout carries on to the above-mentioned factor full make use of,reformation, become to live a condition and be advantageous to the tiny weather environment of[with] economy energy goodly.The flank of the

building of green turn to have already defended breeze and separate a voice,dust palliative and beautify environment not only of function, and for building the economy energy also has an important function.

Because the tree can absorb humidity from the root first, leading leaf's noodles to evaporate together, lowering the air temperature thus, secondly the tree is good hide the sun function, make thus the building be subjected to directly of the sun radiation and get from the ground of the radiation heat reduce, two is the function that the tree has leading breeze and blocks breeze.In addition, the ground will reflect the sun radiation not only, and its radiation become again after go up new of hot radiation source.So grow grass and plant trees as far as possible, avoid the ground soil bare, and reduce the otiose and big area concrete ground ping for reduce the air condition burden, the purpose that attains economy energy is a count for much means.And outdoors environment sweep for clean air condition system of valid circulate and the air condition box the life span of the filter is also beneficial.

In fine, the building environment is influence a warm, the air condition can consume of important factor, from construct environment to begin consideration is the

key that resolves a warm an air condition economy energy a problem, is also a kind of aggressive economy energy work the author think and should emphasize a following work:

(1)the establishment correspond of policy laws.Draw up the policy laws to economize on energy a work to have meaning of instruction to the building, and is appear with the form of the laws, on then meaning a government a value and encouraging, two can work for the economy energy of open an exhibition to provide law a basis.In recent years State Department with relevant department the also promulgated a related building economy energy laws;In addition each local government also according to the weather condition and the energy characteristics, draw up each from of the building economy energy standard and rule;But total of still treat to the parlance rules and policy further perfect.

(2)the push technological advance.Warm the air condition economy energy work opens an exhibition to can not get away from a technical progress

smoothly.Nation while draw up the economy energy policy, then indicated a development a direction, also encouraged a technique a progress.Only depend on the development of science and technology, continuously excellent turn the energy structure with use an ability a method, then can be real to attain economy energy, create the huge social performance and economic performance.

(3)strengthen the coordination of the professional.The building is the outcome that each work grows a match, the building profession wants not only to consider from the aspects, such as the building function and the building esthetics...etc. while consider the building environment, also wanting to carry on a match with the equipments work kind, the full value building environment,the building material...etc. to warm the air condition is the influence that goes to a building and cans consume, each work grows coordination work, the common completion economy energy design.In fine begin from the outside environment in the building, continuously

excellent turn to construct hot function, make use of beneficial building environment well, will create a feat indoor hot environment by all means, development be advantageous to a warm an air condition economy energy also and necessarily.

浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗

摘要：研究建筑环境，了解暖通空调负荷产生的原因及影响因素，可以更加合理地提出解决问题的方法。

关键词：建筑环境暖通空调能耗

浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗

能源为经济的发展提供了动力，但是由于各种原因，能源的发展往往滞后于经济的发展。近几年，中国的国民生产总值的增长率维持在约10％，但是能源的增长率只有3％～4％。这样的形势要求我们必须节能。建筑能源消耗在社会总能耗中的比例较大，发达国家的建筑用能一般占到全国总能耗的30％～40％；中国采暖区的城镇人口虽然只占全国人口的13.6％，但是采暖用能却占全国总能耗的9.6％。建筑节能是建筑发展的基本趋势，也是当代建筑科学技术的一个新的生长点。现代建筑的必要组成部分暖通空调领域也已经收到这种趋势的影响，暖通空调系统中的节能正在引起暖通空调工作者的注意，并且针对不同的国家、地区的能源特点和不同建筑的采暖、通风、空调要求发展者相关的节能技术。研究建筑环境，了解暖通空调负荷产生的原因及影响因素，可以更加合理地提出解决问题的方法。

暖通空调能耗的组成

为了创造舒适的室内空调环境，必须消耗大量的能源。暖通空调能耗是建筑能耗中的大户，居统计在发达国家中暖通空调能耗占建筑能耗的65％，以建筑能耗占总能耗的356％计算，暖通空调能耗占总能耗的比例竟高达22.75％，由此可见建筑节能工作的重点应该是暖通空调的节能。从暖通空调的能耗组成可

以看出：暖通空调系统的能耗主要决定于空调冷、热负荷的确定和空调系统的合理配置，空调系统的布置和空调设备的选择是以空调负荷为依据的。所以暖通空调节能的关键是空调外界负荷和内部负荷的确定，而暖通空调节能工作也应该从这个方面着手，合理布置建筑物的位置，正确选择外墙、门、窗、屋顶的形状及材料等，尽量减少空调负荷。

室内环境的影响

暖通空调的目标是为人们提供舒适的生活和生产室内热环境，主要包括：室内空气温度、空气湿度、气流速度以及人体与周围环境（包括四壁、地面、顶棚等）之间的辐射换热（简称环境热辐射）等。在一般的舒适性空调中，以能够使人体保持平衡而满足人们的舒适感觉为目的；在恒温恒湿或有洁净要求的工艺性空调中，一切以满足生产工艺为目标。而房屋的建筑热工设计是恰当地利用房屋维护结构的热导性，抵抗室外气候的变化，使房间内产生舒适的微气候。围护结构暖通空调负荷的影响围护结构包括外围结构和内围护结构。外围护结构主要包括屋面、外墙和窗户（包括阳台门等）；内围护结构主要包括地面、顶棚、内隔墙等。在采暖建筑中，围护结构的传热热损失占总的热损失的比例是较大的，以4个单元6层的砖墙、混凝土楼板的典型多层建筑为例，在北京地区，通过围护结构的传热热损失约占全部热损失的77％（其中外墙25％，窗户24％，楼梯间隔墙11％，屋面9％，阳台门下部3％，地面2％）；通过门窗缝隙的空气渗透热损失约占23％；在哈尔滨地区，通过围护结构的传热热损失约占全部热损失的71％（其中外墙28％，窗户28％，屋面9％，阳台门下部1％，外门1％，地面4％）；通过门窗缝隙的空气渗透热损失约占29％。由此可见改善围护结构的热工性能对于暖通空调节能具有重要意义。

建筑规划设计对暖通空调节能的影响

规划设计时建筑节能设计的重要方面，规划节能设计应从建设选址、分区、建筑和道路布局走向、建筑方位朝向、建筑体型、建筑间距、冬季季风主导

方向、太阳辐射、建筑外部空间环境构成等方面进行研究。

以优化建筑的微气候环境；有利于节能，充分重视和利用太阳能、冬季主导风向、地形和地貌，利用自然因素。节能规划设计就是分析成气候的决定因素、辐射因素、大气环流因素和地理因素的有利、不利影响，通过建筑的规划布局对上述因素进行充分利用、改造，形成良好的居住条件和有利于节能的微气候环境。建筑旁边的绿化不但有防风、隔声、防尘和美化环境的作用，而且对于建筑节能也有重要作用。

因为首先树木可以从根部吸收水分，同过叶面蒸发，从而降低空气温度，其次树木有很好的遮阳作用，从而使建筑物直接受到的太阳辐射及从地面得到的辐射热减少，二是树木有引导风及挡风的作用。此外，地面不但会反射太阳辐射，而且其本身辐射升高后又会成为新的热辐射源。所以尽量种草、植树，避免地面土壤裸露，并减少不必要的大面积混凝土地坪对于减少空调负荷，达到节能的目的是非常重要的手段。而且清洁的室外环境对于洁净空调系统的有效运行和空调箱过滤器的寿命也是有利的。

总之，建筑环境是影响暖通空调能耗的重要因素，从建筑环境着手考虑是解决暖通空调节能问题的关键，也是一种积极的节能工作作者认为应着重以下

方面的工作：

（1）制定相应的政策法规。制定政策法规对建筑节能工作具有指导意义，而且以法规的形式出现，一则表示政府重视和鼓励，二则可以为节能工作的开展提供法律依据。近年来国务院和有关部委也颁布了相关的建筑节能法规；此外各地方政府也根据气候条件和能源特点，制定了各自的建筑节能标准和规定；但是总的来说法规和政策还有待进一步的完善。

（2）推动科技的进步。暖通空调节能工作的顺利开展离不开技术的进步。国家在制定节能政策时，即指明了发展方向，同时也鼓励了技术进步。只有依靠科技的发展，不断优化能源结构和用能方式，才能够真正做到节能，创造巨大的社会效益和经济效益。

（3）加强专业间的协调。建筑是各工种配合的产物，建筑专业在考虑建筑环境时，不但要从建筑功能、建筑美学等方面考虑，还要与设备工种进行配合，充分重视建筑环境、建筑材料等对暖通空调乃至建筑能耗的影响，各工种协调工作，共同完成节能设计。总之从建筑内外环境着手，不断优化建筑热功能，充分利用有利的建筑环境，必然会创造出适宜的室内热环境，同时也必将有利于暖通空调节能的发展。

计算机专业毕业设计说明书外文翻译(中英对照)

Talking about security loopholes Richard S. Kraus reference to the core network security business objective is to protect the sustainability of the system and data security, This two of the main threats come from the worm outbreaks, hacking attacks, denial of service attacks, Trojan horse. Worms, hacker attacks problems and loopholes closely linked to, if there is major security loopholes have emerged, the entire Internet will be faced with a major challenge. While traditional Trojan and little security loopholes, but recently many Trojan are clever use of the IE loophole let you browse the website at unknowingly were on the move. Security loopholes in the definition of a lot, I have here is a popular saying: can be used to stem the "thought" can not do, and are safety-related deficiencies. This shortcoming can be a matter of design, code realization of the problem. Different perspective of security loo phole s In the classification of a specific procedure is safe from the many loopholes in classification. 1. Classification from the user groups: ● Public loopholes in the software category. If the loopholes in Windows, IE loophole, and so on. ● specialized software loophole. If Oracle loopholes, Apach e,

金融学专业外文翻译---对简便银行的简单见解

中文3696字本科毕业论文外文翻译出处：Infosys Strategic Vision 原文： Insights from Banking Simple By Ashok Vemuri Introduction “A simpler way of banking.We treat with you respect. No extraneous features. No hidden fees.” For the unini tiated, this is the mantra of BankSimple, a Brooklyn-based startup which has positioned itself as a consumer-friendly alternative to traditional banks. BankSimple pushes a message of user experience—sophisticated personal finance analytics, a single “do-it-all” card, superior customer service, and no overdraft fees.Though branchless and primarily online-based, BankSimple is also planning to provide some traditional customer service touches, including phone support and mail-in deposits. Interestingly, BankSimple will also likely not be a bank—at least not in the technical, FDIC sense of the word. Rather, BankSimple’s strategy is to be a front-end focused on the customer experience. The back-end core “bank” component will be FDIC-insured partner banks. Unfettered by years of IT investments and entrenched applications, BankSimple’s team has the freedom to build an innovative, user-friendly online interface, customer service program, and the associated mobile and social bells and whistles that more and more consumers are demanding. One way to look at it is as a wrapper insulating the consumer from the accounting, compliance, and technology challenges that many banks face. Like personal finance sites https://www.wendangku.net/doc/db14517364.html, and Wesabe before it, BankSimple is looking to tap into a perceived gap between what major banks provide and what consumers want. A recent survey by ForeSee Results and Forbes found that consumers view online banking as more satisfying than banking done offline. Though good news for the industry as a whole, the survey also found that the five largest banks in the country scored the lowest in the study. Cheaper and more customer friendly, digital banking is the future—but many consumers are finding it is better done with credit unions, community banks, and (down-the-road) startups like BankSimple. As you read, significant investments are being made by banks to improve their online, mobile, and IVR customer-friendliness. Major banks are embracing these channels, and customer satisfaction will likely improve over time. Even so, startups like Bank- Simple should be viewed as a learning opportunity. Their ideas are disruptive and often highlight pain points that need to be addressed. BankSimple’s first two stated philosophies are a good place to start: “A simpler way of banking” and “We treat you with respect.”

暖通空调毕业设计开题报告

1.课程设计的意义通过本次的课程设计，使自己拥有一定的暖通空调设计能力；了解一些相关的规范和条例；熟悉并掌握暖通空调设计流程；同时使自己的思维更加的严谨，态度更加的认真，为以后的社会工作奠定了扎实的基础。 2.文献综述随着国民经济的快速持续发展，作为支柱产业之一的建筑业也得到迅猛发展。而作为建筑业的重要组成部份的暖通空调业，其新产品、新技术、新材料更是层出不穷。暖通空调业发展所遵循的原则，概括起来就是：节能、环保、可持续发展，保证建筑环境的卫生与安全，适应国家的能源结构调整战略，贯彻热、冷计量政策，创造不同地域特点的暖通空调发展技术。因此，如何结合设计的需要，重视相关技术，并有选择而合理的应用在我们的设计中，满足业主要求，提高设计水平，是我们必须努力做到的。 2.1.暖通空调变工况点优化控制及能量管理探讨 2.1.1.工况点优化控制暖通空调变工况点优化控制问题的研究近年来在我国被重视。S.W.Wang 提出了一种基于整个系统环境的预测响应及能量运行来改变暖通空调系统控制，设定点的系统方法，并用遗传算法对系统进行优化控制，同时优化多个设定点来改善系统响应和降低系统能耗[1]，后来他又采用自适应性控制理论对某海水冷却。空调系统进行了优化控制研究，采用带指数遗忘的最小二乘法参数辨识方法和基因遗传优化算法，对空调系统的空气处理单元进行了优化控制研究[2]。罗启军等人提出了一项动态的优化技术在一个指定期间内，能得到使目标函数( 运行成本或者峰值能耗) 最小的房间温度曲线，该算法还给出了暖通空调设备的最佳开/关时间[3]。K.T.Chan 等人提出用遗传算法对风冷制冷机的冷凝温度设定点进行优化控制以提高制冷机的效率[4]。此外，有许多研究者用人工神经网络来模拟暖通空调系统中各个设备的非线性特性，用于实现对整个空调系统的优化控制。目前，研究者们将更多先进的建模方法和智能优化方法引入到了暖通空调的优化控制中，更加注重变工况点的在线优化控制。何厚建等人对已建的暖通空调各关键设备的静态模型采用用实数编码的遗传算法建立了水系统工作点优化控制策略[5]杨晓平等人采用模糊聚类和RBF方法建立了空气处理单元的动态数学模型，以最终舒适性为目标优化空气处理单元的温湿度和送风压力[6]。孙一坚根据空调负荷变化对一级泵水系统进行变流量控制，取得了显著效果[7]。总之国内的学者更多探讨的是把智能方法引入控制系统的优化中，仿真研究多，实践成果少。

浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗外文资料翻译

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：建筑工程学院专业：建筑环境与设备工程姓名： ***** 学号： ******** 外文出处： Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to can consume with the warm 附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。指导教师评语：签名：年月日

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浅析绿色建筑中暖通空调设计许日光

浅析绿色建筑中暖通空调设计许日光发表时间：2018-06-21T11:27:56.303Z 来源：《建筑学研究前沿》2018年第4期作者：许日光 [导读] 最终达到在节约能源的前提下提高空调运行效果的目标，促进暖通空调系统的继续进步，缓解我国现阶段的能源压力。广州开发区建设工程质量检测中心摘要：随着我国经济的高速发展，虽然我国人民生活水平得到一定提高，但在此过程中造成的资源浪费和能源消耗不可小觑，因此，节能化发展越来越成为各行各业所追求的目标。建筑领域也需要不断利用节能技术才能适应时代发展的潮流。暖通空调的绿色设计是实现节能建筑的重要保障，既可以提高居民在建筑中生活居住的舒适程度，又能缓解我国目前的能源压力，为我国实现可持续发展贡献力量。因此，本文主要从暖通空调设计的相关问题入手，具体分析现阶段我国绿色建筑中，进行暖通空调设计的具体策略，希望可以促进我国暖通空调，节能设计的继续发展。关键词：绿色建筑；暖通空调；设计策略随着我国人口数量的日益增多，越来越多的建筑物拔地而起，随着绿色建筑与健康建筑的兴起以及我国人民的对于物质精神的需求越来越高，传统的建筑设计已经远远不能满足人们对室内环境的要求。而暖通空调系统正是绿色建筑中的重要组成部分，在暖通空调的节能设计不仅有利于提高能源的利用率，降低我国的资源消耗，同时也有利于改善建筑室内环境，提高居民生活品质。一.暖通节能系统设计的概述暖通空调在建筑中的使用是为了依据室外环境调节室内温度，使居民能有更加舒适的居住体验。我国幅员辽阔，南北所跨纬度较多，南方北方的气候有着显著的差异，在一些冬季寒冷或四季严寒的地区必须要对其进行供暖，而在供暖过程中，就会造成较大的煤炭资源消耗和空气污染。而在一些夏季炎热或四季温度都较高的地区，空调已经成为了很多城市的首要选择，空调运行所造成的能耗也与日俱增。除此之外，空调系统的利用不当还有可能对居住者的身体健康有负面影响，空调所产生的新风量不足，难以实现室内污染物的排出，使得室内污染物堆积，严重影响了室内环境，会严重影响居住者的身体健康。因此，对暖通空调进行节能设计是必然趋势，要凭借节能设计，大大降低空调运行所造成的能耗在我国建筑总能耗中所占的比重，实现我国居民的健康居住，减缓我国现阶段的能源压力与用电压力，为我国逐渐提升能源利用率，优化能源使用作出贡献，提供思路。二.暖通空调的作用建筑中暖通空调可以调节室内温度、湿度、空气流动速度等，能够为居住者带来更加方便舒适的居住和工作环境。一般情况下，暖通空调都能够基本满足人体的热平衡，使空气温度湿度更适宜人类居住。而在一些对气温和湿度有恒定要求的工艺性空调房中，空调设计应该满足相应的生产工艺。由于人们对于建筑设计的要求越来越高，施工工艺越来越复杂，装修材料也越来越多，各种家具散发出的对人体有害的化学物质越来越多，室内污染物停滞时间也就更长。而如果此时没有足够的通风换气，对于居民的居住健康，有着很大的负面影响。通过使用暖通空调系统可以缓解这一现象。但同时应该注意，质量不佳的暖通空调系统，不能实现室内空气的良好循环，对于空气质量的优化没有显著效果。要想有效的提升室内空气质量，应该增大新风换气量，降低室内空气龄，而这就会增加新风负荷，通过新风与排风进行热交换，可以切实的缓解这一问题，降低空调系统在运行过程中的能源消耗。二.暖通空调的节能设计要想实现高效的暖通空调节能设计，就必须要实现设计的个性化，即保证设计是依据特定工程的特点制定的，同时还要保证设计方案的综合性，就是说要综合空调运行时段的多个方面与各个时期，寻求适应范围最广的设计方案，使这一设计结果可以在室外天气不同、室内状况有所差异的各种情况都有实用价值。 1.对暖通空调进行设计时，应该采用冷热源的分类在进行暖通空调系统设计，应该对所要使用的设施进行科学选型，并且应该对中央空调的冷热源进行合理分类和分配，这两个方面会直接影响到暖通空调的节能性能和能源的利用程度。 2.在对暖通空调进行设计时，应该采用蓄冷系统不同地区经济状况不同，发展特点也有所不同，但是相同的是，每个地区都有着电负荷峰谷差大的情况，虽然程度并不相同，但每个地区都会在用电高峰其出现供电匮乏的情况，在用电低谷区出现供电过剩的状况。针对这种状况，对于采取峰谷电价的地区，可以在电价较低的时期利用冰蓄冷系统把水变成冰以存储容量，等到电价恢复高价位时，再把冷量供应出去，采取这样的方式，可以实现用电高峰和低谷时期的互补，有利于产生更大的社会经济效益，减缓用电高峰期的用电紧张。 3.在对暖通空调进行设计时，应该采用变频应用系统变频技术作为一种新兴技术，在暖通空调设计中的应用将成为一种必然趋势。变频应用系统的普遍利用，有利于补足暖通系统存在的问题，更有利于实现暖通空调的节能设计。一般来说，设备基本不可能会全负荷运行。随着使用环境的变化，建筑物所产生的用电负荷必然也会有所改变。外部气候条件会在很大程度上影响胜出的实际负荷。很多情况中，设备的额定功率会在很大程度上限制空调设备的运行。比如，如果负荷已经随室外条件有所降低，而相应设备却仍然按照额定功率进行全负荷输出，这就容易导致能源的浪费。但是，如果能够在对暖通空调进行设计，能够合理的利用变频应用系统，空调的输出功率就可以依据建筑负荷的变化而进行调整，自然能够起到节约能源的作用。三.暖通节能空调系统的创新暖通空调要实现节能设计，还需要将我国已经广泛使用的其他节能手段运用到暖通空调设计中，实现暖通空调系统的创新。在日益追求节能化的今天，可再生能源已经被广泛利用到各行各业之中，可再生能源具有清洁、无污染、储量丰富的优势，非常适用于传统能源匮乏的今天。暖通节能空调系统也应该抓住这一机遇，用太阳能，风能，地下水能、风能等可再生资源代替传统能源。结束语：总而言之，随着我国经济发展进入更高阶段，绿色发展与节能发展如今逐步成为了各行各业发展的新形势。对暖通空调系统的节能设计，既有利于提高居住者的舒适程度、保证其身体健康，又有利于优化室内空气，还能极大的节省空调运行过程中的能源消耗，实现建筑行业的节能发展，为我国可持续发展作出贡献。所以，在对暖通空调进行设计的过程中，应该采用冷热源的分类、采用蓄冷系统、广泛利

外文翻译--浅谈建筑环境与暖通空调能耗

中文2300字 Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to can consume with the warm Summary: The research constructs environment, understanding a warm an air condition to carry output reason and influencing factor, can be more and reasonably put forward solve problem of method. Keyword: Constructing a warm of environment an air condition can consume Shallow talk the building environment an air condition to can consume with the warm The energy provided motive for the development of the economy, but because of various reason, the development of the energy is a usually behind in economy of development. In the last few years, the growth rate maintenance of citizen's total output value of China are in about 10%, but the growth rate of the energy only have 3% ～s 4%.Such situation's requesting us has to economize on energy. The comparison that constructs the energy depletion in the society always the ability consume compares greatly, the building of the flourishing nations' use can have to the whole country generally and always can consume of 30% ～s 40%;China adopts the town population of the warm area although only 13.6% that have national population, adopt warm use an ability but have a whole country and always can consume of 9.6%.Construct the economy energy is the basic trend of the building development, is also a new growth of[with] the contemporary building science technique to order. The necessity of the modern building constitutes a part of warm, the air condition realm has already received the influence of this kind of trend as well, warm the economy energy within air condition system is cause a warm the attention of the air condition worker, and aims at different of the adopt of energy characteristics and the dissimilarity building of the nation, region is warm, well ventilated, the air condition request develop a related economy energy technique .The research constructs environment, understanding a warm an air condition to carry output reason and

计算机专业外文翻译

专业外文翻译题目JSP Technology Conspectus and Specialties 系（院）计算机系专业计算机科学与技术班级学生姓名学号指导教师职称讲师二〇一三年五月十六日

JSP Technology Conspectus and Specialties The JSP (Java Server Pages) technology is used by the Sun micro-system issued by the company to develop dynamic Web application technology. With its easy, cross-platform, in many dynamic Web application programming languages, in a short span of a few years, has formed a complete set of standards, and widely used in electronic commerce, etc. In China, the JSP now also got more extensive attention; get a good development, more and more dynamic website to JSP technology. The related technologies of JSP are briefly introduced. The JSP a simple technology can quickly and with the method of generating Web pages. Use the JSP technology Web page can be easily display dynamic content. The JSP technology are designed to make the construction based on Web applications easier and efficient, and these applications and various Web server, application server, the browser and development tools work together. The JSP technology isn't the only dynamic web technology, also not the first one, in the JSP technology existed before the emergence of several excellent dynamic web technologies, such as CGI, ASP, etc. With the introduction of these technologies under dynamic web technology, the development and the JSP. Technical JSP the development background and development history In web brief history, from a world wide web that most of the network information static on stock transactions evolution to acquisition of an operation and infrastructure. In a variety of applications, may be used for based on Web client, look no restrictions. Based on the browser client applications than traditional based on client/server applications has several advantages. These benefits include almost no limit client access and extremely simplified application deployment and management (to update an application, management personnel only need to change the program on a server, not thousands of installation in client applications). So, the software industry is rapidly to build on the client browser multilayer application. The rapid growth of exquisite based Web application requirements development of