高二10月月考化学试题 Word版含答案

可能用到相对原子质量: H -1 C -12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 A1-27 S-32 Cl-35.5

I 卷（选择题，共48 分）

一、选择题（本题包括16个小题，每题3 分，共48 分。每小班只有一个选项符合题意）1．化学与生活、生产密切相关．下列食品添加剂中，其使用目的与反应速率有关的是

A ．调味剂

B ．防腐剂

C ．增稠剂

D ．着色剂

2．下列各组物质的熔点均与所含化学健的健能有关的是

A . CaO 与CO2

B . NaCI与HCI

C . SiC 与SiO2 D. CCl2与I2

3．设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的数值，下列说法正确的是

A . lmolNacl 固体中含有N A个Na+

B. 18gD2O和18gH2 O中含有的质子数均为10N A

C．标准状况下2.24LH2O 含有的共价键数为0.2N A

D．密闭容答中2molNO 与lmolO2充分反应，产物的分子数为2N A

4．短周期元素X 、Y 、Z 、M 的原子序数依次增大，元素X 的一种单质是高硬度的宝石，Y2+的电子层结构与氖相同，Z的质子数为偶数．室温下M 的单质为淡黄色固体．下列说法正确的是

A.原子半径：M>Z>Y>X

B.气态氢化物：X

C.X的氧化物一定是非极性分子

D.Y单质可用于航空航天合金材料的制备

5. 我国科学家近期研究发现。NaHCO3可显著结合癌细胞中乳酸电离出的H+，从而间接

地“饿死”癌细胞，下列说法中不正确的是

A. NaHCO3为弱电解质

B.H2CO3的酸性弱于乳酸

C. NaHCO3也可以用来治疗胃酸过多

D. NaHCO3固体中含有离子键和共价键6．下列关于反应热的叙述，正确的是

A．分解反应均为吸热反应

B. lmol 酸与lmol 碱恰好中和时所放出的热量叫中和热

C.若S ( s ) + O2（g）=SO2（g）△H1，S（g）+O2（g）=SO2（g）△H2；△H1＞△H2

D.已知2H2(g)+O2(g)＝2H2O(g) △H= —483.6 kJ/mol，则氢气的燃烧热为241.8 kJ

7．己知下列反应的热化学方程式：

6C（s）+5H2（g）+3N2（g）+9O2（g）=2C3H5△H1

2H2（g）+O2（g）=2H2O（g）△H2

C（s）+O2（g）=CO2（g）△H3

则反应4C3H5（ONO2）3（l）=12CO2（g）+10H2O（g）+O2（g）+6N2（g）的△H为______（用△H1、△H2、△H3表示）

A . 12△H3+5△H2-2△H1 B. 2△H1 -5△H2- 12△H3

C. 12△H3-5△H2-2△H1D．△H1 -5△H2 -12△H3

8.（原创）工业上以沙子为原料制取粗硅，主要反应的化学方程式为

2C(s) + SiO2(s) =Si (s) + 2CO(g) △H > O ，对该反应的说法中不正确的是

A．△S＞0

B．产物CO 为酸性氧化物

C．高温条件下才能自发进行

D．采用碎沙而非石块的原因可能是加快反应速率

9. （原创）下列事实能用勒夏特列原理解释的是

A．使用催化剂，在单位时间内提高合成氨产率

B．对于2HI(g)H2(g)＋2CO(g)，达平衡后．缩小容器体积可使体系颇色变深

C．对于2CaO2(s)2CaO(s)＋O2(g)，达平衡后增大压强，再次平衡后O2的浓度保持不变

D．溴水中有下列平衡：Br(aq)+ H2O(l)HBr(aq)＋HBrO(aq)当加入硝酸银溶液后，溶液颜色变浅

10. 关于中和热的测得实验，下列说法正确的是

A．为了使反应进行的更完全，可以使酸或碱适当过量

B．为了使反应均匀进行，可以向酸（碱）中分次加入碱（酸）

C．因为中和热为一定值，所以实验结果与所用酸（碱）的用量和种类均无关

D．测酸溶液的温度后，未冲洗温度计就直接测碱溶液的温度，会使中和热的数值偏大

11. （原创）下列反应达到平衡后，保持温度和容器体积不变，再加入一定量的反应物．再

次达到平衡后反应物的转化率会增大的是

A .2NO2（g）N2O4（g）

B. 2HI(g) H2(g) +I2(g)

C.PCl5PCl3(g)+Cl2(g)

D. CaCO3 (s) CaO(g) + CO2 (g)

12．有等体积、等pH 的Ba(OH)2、KOH 和NH3.H2O三种碱溶液，滴加等浓度的盐酸将它们恰好中和，用去酸的体积分别为V1、V2、V3则三者的大小关系正确的是

A．V3＞V2＞V1 B．V3=V2=V1 C．V3＞V2=V1 D．V1=V2＞V3 13．常温下，将pH=3 的硫酸与pH=9的NaoH 溶液混合，若要得到PH = 7 的溶液，混合时硫酸酸与NaOH 溶液的体积比为

A.1: 200

B. 200 : 1

C. 100 : 1

D.1：100

14. （原创）常温下，某溶液中水电离出的H+浓度为1×10-13mol.L-1，有关该溶液的说法正确的是

A.加入铝粉一定能产生大量H2

B.溶液中0H-的浓度一定为0.1mol.L-1

C.还可能大量存在Na+、NH4+‘Cl-、S2O32-

D.通入少量HCl 气体可能会使溶液中水的电离程度增大

15．恒温下，在5L 的密闭容器中充入2molX气体和1molY气体发生反应：ZX(g)+ Y(g) 2Z(g)；△H＜0 。10min 后达平衡，侧得容器内压强是反应前的5/6下列说法中错误的是

A.平衡时，X 的转化率为50％

B．该握度下平衡常数K=10(10mol.L-1)-1

C. 10min内生成物Z 的反应速率0.02mol.L-1 . min-1

D．若Y是有色气体，只压缩容器的体积，则体系颜色变浅

16. （原创）根据下列实验事实，不能得到相应结论的是

II卷（共5 题，共52 分）

二、非选择题（本大题共5个小题，共52 分）

17.（12分）随原子序数的递增，八种短周期元素（用字母表示）原子半径的相对大小、最

高正价或最低负价的变化如下图所示。

根据判断出的元素回答问题

（1）g的原子结构示愈图为______________.

（2）比较e、h 简单离子的半径大小（用化学式表示，下同），_______>_________ .

比较g 、h 的最高价氧化物对应的水化物的酸性强弱是：_________>____________.

（3）任选上述元素组成一种四原子共价化合物，写出其电子式__________ .

（4）己知lmole的单质在足t量d2中燃烧，恢复至室温，放出255.5kJ热量，写出表示

e 的单质燃烧热的热化学方程式：

_________________________________________________.

（5）上述元素可组成常见的碱性气体R。回答下列问题：

①. R极易溶于水的原因是（任意写出两点）:

a.______________________________________________________________ .

b._________________________________________________________________.

②用方程式表示R 的溶液显碱性的原因：____________________________________.

③对pH = 10 的R 溶液进行下列操作，能使R 的电离平衡逆移的是____________.

A．加入少量NaCl溶液B．加入少量1mol.L-1的NaCl溶液

C．加入少量MgSO4固体D．加入少量1mol.L-1 的NaOH溶液

18.（11分)（原创）已知：

(1). 为了证明HF 是弱酸，甲、乙、丙三位同学分别设计以下实验进行探究。

①甲同学取一定体积的HF溶液，滴入2 滴紫色石蕊试液，显红色，再加入NaF 固体

观察到的现象是_____________________________________________,则证明HF 为弱酸.

②乙同学取10ml未知浓度的HF 溶液，测其pH 为a ，然后用蒸馏水稀释至1000mL . 再测其pH 为b ，若要认定HF 为弱酸，则a 、b 应满足的关系是b ＜

__________________(用含a 的代数式表示)。

③丙同学用pH 试纸测得室温下0.10mol.L-1的HF 溶液的pH为2 ，则认定HF为弱酸，由丙同学的实验数据可得室温下HF 的电离平衡常数约为

________________________________.

(2). ①己知H3BO3与NaOH 溶液反应的离子方程式为H3BO3 +OH-1 ＝B(OH)4- , 写出硼酸的电离方程式_______________________________________________.

②向等浓度的H2C2O4 与H3BO3混合溶液中逐滴加入NaoH 溶液，则与0H- 作用的粒子（包括分子和离子）依次为_______________，___________________，

_______________。

（3）向NaHC2O4溶液中加入少量的Na2CO3 溶液，反应的离子方程式

_________________.

19.（9分）钠、钾的碘化物在生产和科学实验中有十分重要的应用。工业利用碘、NaOH 和铁屑为原料可生产碘化钠，其生产流程如下：

（1）碘在周期表中的位置为___________________________.

（2）NaOH溶液和碘反应时需要严格控制温度，如果温度过低，会生成碘的低价副产

品NaIO。若NaOH溶液和碘反应时所得溶液中IO3-与IO-－的物质的量之比为1 ：1，请完成该反应的离子方程式的配平

______I2+______OH-=______IO3- +__IO- +______I- +______H2O

（3）生产流程中加入过量铁屑的目的是______________，过滤所得固体中除剩余铁屑外，还有红褐色固体，则加入铁屑时发生反应的化学方程式是___________________。

（4）溶液2中除含有H＋外，一定含有的阳离子是_______________。

（5）已知I-易被空气中的O2氧化，则从溶液1中获得NaI固体的操作依次是

__________、_________、过滤。

20.（10分)在一定条件下，将C(s)和H2O(g)分别加入甲、乙两个密闭容器，发生反应：

C(s)+2H2O(g)CO2(g)+2H2(g)，其相关数据如下表所示：

(1)T1 ______T2(填“>”、“<”或“=”)

(2)达到平衡后，保持温度和体积不变，向甲容器内再充入0.8molH2O和3.2molH2，则

此时V正_____V逆

(填“>”、“<”或“=”)

(3)在密闭恒容的容器中，能表示上述反应达到化学平衡状态的是_______________.

A．

B．混合气体的密度保持不变

D．混合气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变

(4)某同学为了研究反应条件对化学平衡的影响，测得逆反应速率与时间的关系如图所示：

可见在t1、t3、t5、t7时反应都达了到平衡状态，如果t2、t4、t6、t8时都只改变了一个反应条件，则t6时刻改变的条件是_________________________,则从t1到t8哪个时间段H2O (g)的平衡转化率最低_________，(填“t1～t2,以此类推”)。

21.(10分)科学家正在研究利用催化技术将汽车尾气中的NO和CO转变成CO2和N2

化学方程式如下：2NO(g)+2CO (g) 2CO2(g)+N2(g) △H.

为了测定在某种催化剂作用下的反应速度，某温度下，在容积固体的容器内进行此反应，并用气体传感器测得不同时间的NO和CO浓度如表：

请回答下列问题（均不考虑温度变化对催化剂催化效率的影响）：

（1）在该反应的平衡常数的表达式K＝________________。

（2）该反应在此温度下能够自发进行，说明△H___________0（填写“＞”、“＜”、“＝”）。

若只将反应条件改为绝热，平衡时NO的浓度将___________（填“增大”、“减小”、“不变”）

（3）前2s内的平均反应速率v（N2）__________________.

研究表明：在使用等质量催化剂时，增大催化剂比表面积可提高化学反应速率。为了分别验证温度、催化剂比表面积对化学反应速率的影响规律，某同学设计了三组实验，部分实验条件已经填在下面实验设计表中。

（5）请在上表空格中填入剩余的实验条件数据。

（6）请在给出的坐标图中，参考实验I实验条件下混合气体中NO浓度随时间变化的趋势曲线图，画出II、III条曲线图，并标明各条曲线的实验编号。

1-5 BCADC 6-10 CABDA 11-16 ACDDDC

17.(12分)

(1).

(2). Cl->Na+ ，HClO4>H2SO4 (1分)

(3).

( 或 ， ) (1分) (4).2Na(s)＋2

1O 2(g)=Na 2O 2(s) △H=－255.5 kJ/mol -1 (5). ①NH 3与H 2O 能形成分子间氢气键、NH 3与H 2O 能发生反应，（）任写两点，每点1分）

②. NH 3.H 2O NH 4++OH - (2分) ③. BD （2分）

18.（共11分）（1）.①.红色变浅 （1分） ⑵.a+2 （1分） ⑶.1.0×10-3 （2分）

(2). ①. H 3BO 3+H 2O B(OH)4-+H + （2分）

②. H 2C 2O 4、 HC 2O 4- 、H 3BO 3 (1分)

(3)2HC 2O 4- 十CO 32- =2C 2O 42-＋H 2O +CO 2↑（2分）

19. (共9分). ( l ).第五周期， 第ⅦA 族 (1分)

（2） 4、8、l 、l 、6、4 (2 分)

（3）还原碘酸根离子，或使该酸根离子转化为碘离子．(1 分)

NaIO 3 + 2Fe +3H 2O=NaI + 2Fe (OH)O 3 (2 分)

（4）Fe + (2 分)

（5）蒸发（加热）浓缩、冷却结晶 (各l 分)

20.（每空2分）（1）>；（2）=；（3）BD ；（4）通入H 2O ；t 7-t 8；

21.(10分) （1）)

()()()(22222CO c NO c N c CO c ??（2分）； (2)< 增大 (各l 分)

(3). 1.875×10-4mol.L-1.s-1(或1.88×10-4mol.L -1.s -1) ，保留三位有效数字）(2 分) ( 4 ).①II ：280 ；1.20×10-3；5.80×10-3 (l 分)

III ：1.20×10-3； 5.80×10-3 (l 分)

2021年高二10月第一次月考英语试题

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