剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage2
剑桥雅思8阅读解析Test4Passage2
文章结构
体裁：说明文
主要内容：对害虫的生物学控制。
结构：
第 1 段 :使用人造化学制剂控制害虫的影响。第 2 段 :物种的抗药性。
第 3 段 :杀虫剂的害处。
第 4 段 :种植棉花的农民恶意使用杀虫剂。第 5 段 :20 世纪中期有更多的害虫出现。
第 6 段 :大多数的杀虫剂都对人体有危害。第 7 段 :提出解决害虫的办法。
第 8 段 :介绍 CIBC 机构。
第 9 段 :介绍 weevil 杀虫原理。
第 10 段 :用生物方式控制害虫的一个实例。名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：
考题解析
Questions 14 – 17
● 题型归类 :Multiple Choice
题目解析
题
目
编
号
题目关键词原文定位题解
14 pesticides 第一段第 2 句答案 B 题目问使用杀虫剂导致了什么。文章中说Apart from engendering widespread ecological disorders... B 选项意思是“使得全世界许多生态系统出现不平衡”,符合文意。
15 Food,
Agriculture
Organization,
more than 300
第二段第 1 句
答案 A 题目实际考查的是哪个选项对 300 多种农业
害虫的描述是正确的。文章说 According to a recent
study by FAO, more than 300 species of agriculture
pests have developed resistance to a wide range of
potent chemicals,A 选项意思是“这些害虫已经对很
多杀虫剂不再有反应了”,和文中的 resistance 对
应。
16 cotton
farmers,
Central
America
第四段第 1 句和
第2句
答案 D 题目实际考查的是哪个选项对中美的棉花农
民使用杀虫剂的描述是正确的。文章中说 In the
early 1940s, basking in the glory of chemical-based
intensive agriculture, the farmers avidly took to
pesticides as a sure measure to boost crop yield.
D 选项意思是“(棉农)为了保证更多的产量”,与原
文意思相符。
17 mid-1960s, 第五段首句答案 D 题目问到19世纪60年代中期,中美的棉农发现
cotton farmers, Central America 杀虫剂如何。文章说 By the mid-1960s, the situation took an alarming turn with the outbreak of four more new pests, necessitating pesticide spraying to such an extent that 50% of the financial outlay on cotton production was accounted for by pesticides,D 选项意思是“占据了用于农业的 50% 的经费”,为正确答案。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：
考题解析
Questions 18-21
● 题型归类 :YES/NO/NOT GIVEN
题目解析
题
目
编
号
题目定位词题目句意题解
18 disease-sprea
ding pest, 传播疾病的害虫比
农业害虫对杀虫剂
的反应更快。
NOT GIVEN 根据定位词找到原文第二段末句。题目说
传播疾病的害虫比农业害虫对杀虫剂的反应更快,但
是文章中并没有对这两种害虫做比较。
agricultural
pests
19
innate
immunity 很多害虫天生就对
杀虫剂免疫。
YES 这道题的答案在第二段末句。题目说很多害虫天
生就对杀虫剂有免疫能力,文章中说大约有 100 种传
播疾病的害虫对各种正在使用的杀虫剂免疫,题目描
述的与文章内容一致。
20 biological
control,
synthetic
生物控制需要使用
人工农药去改变害
虫的后代的基因构
NO 根据定位词找到原文第七段。文章中
说 ...biological control, involving the selective
use of natural enemies of the pest population...,
chemicals,
offspring 成。 很 明 显 biological control 是 不 用 synthetic chemicals 的,而是用害虫 的 natural enemies,改变
害虫后代的 genetic make-up 无从谈起。题目信 息与
原文相矛盾。
21 bio-control, certain circumstances 生态控制在某些 情况下是可以规 避所有危险的。
YES 根据定位词找到第七段末句。 文章说如果生态控制由专家来实施, 那么它是是安全的,无污染的。题目
的描述与文章一致。 名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：
考题解析
Questions 22-26
● 题型归类 :Matching
题目解析
题
目
编
号
题目定位词
原文定位 题解
22 disapene scale
insects 第九段末句
答案 D 原文中的...‘disapenescale’insects —
notorious defoliants of fruit trees... 实 际上就是定义了 disapene scale,原文中的 defoliants 对应
题目中的 feed on 。
23
neodumetia
sangawani
末段第 4 行 答案H 原文说neodumetiasangawani 在控 制
grass-scale insect 是很有用的,也就是说 它是以此为食的。
24
leaf-mining
hispides
末段第 2 行 答案 C 原文说coconutgroves 被leaf- mining
hispides 摧残,原文中的 plague 对 应题目中的 blight 。
25
Argentinian
weevil 第九段第 4 行 答案 E 原文说试图用 Argentinian weevil 来消灭 water hyacinth,其中原文中的 eradication 对应题目
中的 wiping out。
26
Salvinia
molesta 末段最后两句话
答案 B 原文说30,000 公顷的rice field 被
Salvinia molesta 侵扰, 原文中的 infest 对应
题目中的 plague。
名师点题剑桥雅思8阅读：
参考译文
害虫的生物控制
为控制威胁农作物和人类健康的害虫,持续鲁莽地使用合成化学物已被证明适得其反。除了造成广泛的生态系统紊乱,杀虫剂促进具抗药性、危害性极大的“超级害虫”的形成。
据粮农组织(FAO)最近的研究显示,超过 300 种农业害虫已对大量的有效化学物形成抗药性。更别说那些会传播疾病的害虫了,大约 100 种这样的害虫已对现使用中的不同杀虫剂形成免疫。
使用杀虫剂的一个明显缺陷是,杀死害虫同时也会消灭许多有益的非定标性的生物,这些生物可控制害虫数量的过分增长。这样一来,就导致了农业生态学家所说的“跑步机综合征”。由于害虫具有强大的繁殖能力和基因多样性,它们可抵抗合成化学物并繁殖具有抗药性的后代。
“跑步机综合征”所产生的破坏作用,中非的棉农有深刻的体会。上世纪四十年代早期,依靠以杀虫剂为基础的密集农业取得了辉煌成就,棉农认为杀虫剂是提高农作物产量的不二选择。四十年代中期,中非棉农每年会喷洒 8 次杀虫剂,到了五十年代中期,三个抗药性的新害虫突然爆发繁殖,喷洒次数上升至每季度 28 次。
至六十年代中期,情况发生了让人担忧的转折。随着另外四种新害虫的出现后,用于杀虫剂支出的费用占到棉花生产总支出的一半。七十年代早期,害虫的基因变得更强大了,棉农被迫每季度喷洒农药达 70 次。
美国环保机构的研究表明,如今市场上大部分的杀虫剂被不充分的证据检测到含有可能导致癌症、基因突变和其他对身体产生反作用的物质。美国自然资源保护委员会发现一连串使用中的有害化学物中,DDT 是最常见的。
面对由于不加鉴别地使用杀虫剂导致危害升级,更有效的且有利生态的生物控制策略(涉及有所选择地使用害虫的天敌)越来越受青睐,尽管目前来说这个新领域的潜力有限。相比其他办法,生物控制的优势在于提供一个相对低成本的、持续的、副作用最小的控制系统。由专家负责的话,生物控制是安全的,不产生污染,并可以自我分解。
位于班加罗尔的英联邦生物控制研究所(CIBC),在全球分布有实验室和野外站,是其中一个
最活跃的非商业研究机构,从事利用自然天敌来对付寄生物的害虫控制研究工作。同时, CIBC 也是全球生物制剂进出口票据交换所。
CIBC 成功使用一种墨西哥本土的象鼻虫来控制可恶的银胶菊,这种草对印度和澳大利亚的农业和人类健康造成间接影响。类似的,由 CIBC 赞助的海德拉巴地区研究实验室(RRL), 现尝试用一种阿根廷象鼻虫消灭水葫芦。水葫芦是另一种危险杂草,对世界许多地方产生危害。根据来自 RRL 的 Kaiser Jamil 女士所说,这种阿根廷象鼻虫不会攻击其他植物,一对成年虫能在 4-5 天内杀死这个水葫芦。CIBC 同时也在改善繁殖寄生虫技术以捕食一种昆虫——这种昆虫啃食美国和印度的果树树叶。下面的例子证明了生物控制是如何被有效利用的。上世纪六十年代,斯里兰卡繁茂的椰子。
树林被潜叶虫危害,在引进新加坡的一种幼寄生虫后得到控制。原产印度的一种叫Neodumetia Sangawani 的寄生物被发现能用于控制罗兹岛的草般大小的昆虫,这种昆虫吞没了美国许多地区的作为牛马饲料的草。来自喀拉拉邦农业大学的科学家利用 Neochetina bruci,一种来自巴西的甲壳虫,清淤了一条由槐叶苹(在喀拉拉邦语是“非洲的Payal”意思)这种杂草堵塞的 12 千米长的运河。这种杂草遍布喀拉拉邦大约 3 万公顷的稻田。
剑桥10阅读解析Test3
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剑桥雅思7阅读解析汇报test4
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剑桥8真题阅读解析
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distinguished adj. 杰出的 favorable adj. 有利的 appraisal n. 评价 d段 alight v. 偶然发现 static adj. 静态的 virus n. 病毒 bacteria n. 细菌 malaria n. 疟疾 sanitation n. 卫生 e段 dig v. 探寻 reveal v. 揭示 antibacterial adj. 抗菌的 agent n. 药剂 preserve v. 保护 malt n. 麦芽 gin n. 杜松子酒 f段 grip n. 掌握，控制 prevalence n. 流行 coincidence n. 巧合 clipper n. 帆船 sip v. 啜饮 g段 forge v. 伪造 futures n. 期货 wheel n. 轮子 4. 题型分析 这篇文章是由二种题型组成，都是阅读考试中常见的题型。 段落选标题+判断题 5. 题目解析
剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage3原文翻译
剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage3原文翻译-心灵感应 解析查看，请点击：剑桥雅思8阅读Test1Passage1原文+答案解析 人类可否只通过思想进行沟通交流? 一百多年来,关于心灵感应的话题在科学界产生很大意见分歧,时至今日,它依然在学界精英中引起激烈辩论。 自上个世纪70年代以来，在世界各大高校和科研院所，超心理学者们冒着被同行嘲笑和怀疑的风险，将关于心灵感应的各种不同说法进行严格的科学实验，其结果及其启示即使在研究者本身中，也引发了很大争议。 有些科学家认为，实验结果提供了强有力证据，可以证明心灵感应是真实存在的。另一些超心理学家则相信，该研究虽试图用科学证据证明心灵感应存在，却并未取得成功，相关研究也都处在失败的边缘。不过无论是怀疑者还是倡导者都同意一点，即迄今最有力的证据来自于“ganzfeld”实验。该实验名称来自德语，意思是“全域”。通过冥想心灵感应实验者的报告，超心理学家怀疑，可能因为人们之间传递的“信号”过于模糊，以至于很容易被正常的脑波活动所覆盖。如果这样的话，当人们身处一个伴有灯光和音响的温暖轻松的环境，经历冥想般的宁静，会更容易感知此类信号。 该实验几乎满足了所有的条件。参加者待在密封的房间里，坐着柔软的躺椅，听着轻松的音乐，眼睛被特殊的过滤器覆盖，只看见柔和的粉色光。早期的实验主要涉及选图。先从一个大型图库中任意选出四张图片，再让实验者指认其中一张。具体操作步骤是，作为“发送人”的实验者努力将一张图通过思维传给密封房间内的“接收人”。当传送结束后，“接收人”需从四张图中选出哪一张才是刚刚被传送的图。如果是随便猜测,可达到25%的命中率。然而，如果心灵感应真的存在，命中率就应该更高。1982年，心灵感应研究的先行者之一，美国超心理学家查尔斯·荷诺顿(Charles Honorton)分析了这些早期实验的结果。结果证明典型的命中率要高于30%。虽然比例高不了多少，但统计测试表明，结果已不完全是偶发几率。 “ganzfeld”实验似乎可以证明心灵感应是真的存在。但是在这个论据本身有个不足之处，在很多传统科学领域中也常常被忽视：不能因为排除了偶然几率的存在，就能证明心灵感应就是真实存在的。很多其他方法也可以得出正向的结果：既有图片线索偶然传递给接受者的感官泄露，也有彻底的欺骗。作为回应，研究人员回顾了截至1985年的全部ganzfeld 研究，结果显示80%的研究提供了重要的统计数据。不过，他们也同意,实验中太多的因素都可导致正向结果，因此他们制定了清单，希望在未来研究中可采用新的标准。 此后，许多研究人员转向autoganzfeld 测试。这种自动化技术使用电脑来完成关键任务如随机选择图像。通过最大限度地减少人为参与，尽量降低错误结果出现的风险。1987年，荷诺顿(Honorton)使用了“荟萃分析”，这是一种可以从系列研究中找出整体结果的新型统计方法。他对数以百计的 autoganzfeld 实验结果进行了分析,虽然没有以前那样引人注目，结果依然令人印象深刻。 然而，单独的ganzfeld 实验研究彼此间缺乏一致性，这让一些超心理学家感到十分困扰。心灵感应拥护者们指出，如果要求每一项研究都得出满意结果，起码忽略了一个基本的统计学事实：需要大量的样本才能得出少量的结果。如果像目前的结果显示那样,偶然几率是 25%,而心灵感应存在的几率只略高于它，真正的证据就不可能由一个典型的约40人参加的ganzfeld 实验所提供：因为样本集合不够大,数目不够多。只有用“荟萃分析”将多项实验研究结合起来，心灵感应存在的证据才会由模糊变得清晰。而这貌似也是研究者们所正在追寻的。
雅思阅读判断题型解题方法
雅思阅读判断题型解题方法 雅思阅读板块题型多样，其中判断题是必考题型，本文以剑桥雅思阅读真题为例，和大家解析雅思阅读中判断题型的解题方法。 剑桥雅思阅读真题解析判断题型解题方法 一、判断题题干有表示比较关系的词，考生需注意题目重点考察比较关系。 常见的比较关系词： 比较级：more/ less /adj-er than… 同级比较：as…as…/the same as…/equal/ like 试题中若出现以上比较关系词，需标记题中的比较对象(A 、B)，并明确比较逻辑(如A比B更聪明)，即可快速完成审题。如： 39. It is easier to find meaning in the field of science than in the field of art. – Test 2, Cambridge IELTS 11 审题步骤： 1.确定比较对象：A – field of science (科学领域)、B – field of art (艺术领域) 2.确定比较逻辑：科学的含义比艺术的含义更容易被人们理解(easier to find meaning)。 除了上述较明显的比较关系词外，出题人还会使用较隐晦的表达阐述比较关系，用以干扰考生的判断。因此，在审题时还需注意下列
具有隐含比较关系的表达： prefer to… compare to/compare with/contrast similar to…/similarly superior to/inferior to unusual 同样，考生在判定题干存在比较关系后，需标记题中的比较对象并明确比较逻辑。如： 35. Teachers say they prefer suggestopedia to traditional approaches to language teaching. – Test 1, Cambridge 7 1.确定比较对象：A –suggestopedia(暗示教学)、B –traditional approaches(传统教学方法) 2.确定比较逻辑：暗示教学比传统教学方法更受老师喜欢(teachers say they prefer)。 二、借助以下2种解题思路辅助解题： 1.题干中A、B存在比较关系但原文A、B不存在比较关系时，答案应为未提及——NOT GIVEN。 先看个简单的例子： 题干：喜茶比星爸爸贵得多。 原文：我的意中人是个盖世英雄，有一天他会踏着七彩祥云，排
剑桥雅思9阅读解析test2
剑桥雅思9阅读解析test2
Passage1 Question 1 答案： H 关键词： national policy 定位原文: H段第1句“The New Zealand Government…” 解题思路: 这一段的首句就以一种叙事口吻向考生交代了新西兰全国上下正在开展的一场为残疾人服务 的战略，该句含义为“新西兰政府已经制定出一项‘新西兰残疾人事业发展战略’，并开始进入广泛咨 询意见的阶段。”另外，在该段其它语句中也提到the strategy recognises..., Objective 3...is to provide...等信息，非常符合题干中account一词的含义。 Question 2 答案： C 关键词： global team 定位原文： C段最后一句“The International Institute of…” 解题思路：这句含义为“在世界卫生组织的建议下，国际噪声控制工程学会(I-INCE)成立了一个国际工作小组来”，这句话中international能够对应题干中的global, 而working party能够对应team。这是对应关系非常明显的一道题目。 Question 3 答案： B 关键词： hypothesis, reason, growth in classroom noise 定位原文： B段第3句“Nelson and Soil have also suggested...” 解题思路：在该段首句中就出现了classroom noise这个词，因此该段有可能就是本题的对应段落。在接下来的叙述Nelson and Soil have also suggested...中，suggest一词能够对应题干中的hypothesis 后一句中的This all amounts to heightened activity and noise levels，与题干中的one reason相对应 Question 4
雅思真题解析之雅思配对题讲解
Matching题讲解 题型： 1.人名理论配对 2.分类题 3.长句子配对 4.段落细节配对 难点： 属于细节题，比较费时间 题目与题干不易读懂 题干与题目无法关联起来 配对题做题基本方法： 1先做文章其他类型题目： 两种类型配对一起出现概率较小（剑桥雅思真题中C4T2P3 C5T3P1C6T1P1 C8T1P1出现过），若出现则难度较大，可先做其他文章。 2 先做出比较明显的选项。 如有比较明显的信号词 3.最后细度剩下的选项 划出关键词，根据关键词扫读全文。注意关键词的近义词转化。 题型分析： 1人名理论配对 特点：容易定位，乱序出现 注意事项：留意NB 方法：先读题干画出句子关键词，按文章顺序，找人名，找理论信号词，注意理论由几句话组成 真题分布： (C4T2P1<5-8> C4T2P4<36-40> C5T4P2<14-17> C6T1P1<8-11> C6T3P2<25-27> C7T3P3<34-39> C7T4P3<35-40>) 2 Classification： 特点：不容易定位，
方法： 划出关键词 找到项目1对应原文段落，与题干配对 找到项目2对应原文段落，再对应题干 最后选答案 真题分布： (C5T3P1<5-10> C6T3P3<33-37> C7TP1<5-10> C8T4P3<31-36>)（C4T4P3<32-35> C6T2P1<11-13> C8T1P1<5-8> C8T2P2<23-26>） 重点例题分析 C8T4P3 四个选项是4种不同收集蚂蚁的方法，在通读全文以后，会比较清楚，而且ABCD是按照文章顺序来的，可分别定位到第二段到第四段 A hand collecting 第二段 B using bait 第三段 C sampling ground litter 第四段 D using a pitfall trap 第五段 这种题型有两种做法 对于能力较好的学生可先先从文章入手，读完一个段落后再筛选答案 以选项A为例 先读第A所在的第二段。发现31题关键词group of ants（大量的）的同义转换为20-25individuals collected。因此31题选项为A 然后继续往下读，发现35题的separate containers 对应的文章中的individual insects are placed in plastic or glass tubes 因此35题答案也为A 按照这样以此往下所有的答案就可选出。 但这种方法对学生词汇，理解能力和瞬时记忆要求比较高。 另一种从题目入手 读选项化出题目中的关键词 31take specimens from groups of ants
剑桥雅思9阅读解析汇报test3
Passage 1 Question 1 答案： YES 关键词： reasons, arguments occur 定位原文: 第1段第2、3句“Popular linguistic debate... ”语言学上的普通争论通常会升级为谩骂和论战。语言属于所有人，所以大多数人认为他们有权保留自己对语言的看法。 解题思路: 题干要判断对于语言的争论，原因是否可以理解。原文陈述，语言属于所有人，大多数人有权保留对语言的看法，所以人们的观点会产生分歧是可以理解的。题干与原文完全一致。 Question 2 答案： NO 关键词： language education, language usage 定位原文：第1段第4句“And when opinions differ,…”而当看法出现分歧时，人们可能变得情绪激动。语言用法方面的一点小事，就能像语言学教育政策中的重大问题一样很容易引起争论。 解题思路：题干要判断人们对待语言教育的态度是否比对待语言用法的态度更加强烈。原文陈述，语言用法方面的一点小事都能像语言学教育政策中的大事一样引起争论，这说明对待语言用法与语言学教育政策的态度同样强烈。题干与原文所述观点不一致。 Question 3 答案： YES 关键词： intelligence, affect 定位原文：第2段第2句“No part of society or social…”所有社会组成部分或者社会行为无一例外。语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力、社会地位、教育程度、工作能力以及许多身份与社会生存的其他方面。 解题思路：题干要判断使用语言的方式是否会影响人们对一个人智力的评估。原文陈述，语言因素影响我们如何判断一个人的个性、智力……题干与原文完全一致。 Question 4 答案： NOT GIVEN 关键词： prescriptive, 18th century
剑桥 雅思 10 test 4 的三篇阅读的解析
1. 2. The Context, Meaning and Scope of Tourism 3. 4. primitive a. motivation n. vital a. civilisation n. economy n. distinctly adv. phenomenon n. advent n. connotation n. revolution
availability n. commercial a. industrialised a. employment n. estimate v. investment n. excess n. profound a. obscure v. ... diversity n. fragmentation n. accommodation
remain v. amorphous a. exclusive a. institionalised a. commodity n. income n. quote v. valid a. domestic a. 5. + + 6. Questions 1-4 1. Paragraph B 2. Paragraph C
3. Paragraph D 4. Paragraph E 1. ii Tourism in the mass form as we know it today is a distinctly twentieth-century phenomenon. mass tourism tourism in the mass form 2. i Tourism today has grown significantly in both economic and social importance. significance importance 3. v However, the major problems of the travel and tourism industry that have hidden or obscured its economic impact are the diversity and fragmentation of the industry itself. difficulty effects problems impact 4. vii Once the exclusive province of the wealthy, travel and tourism have become an institutionalised way of life for most of the population. world impact most of the population, institutionalised Questions 5-10 5. The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry. 6. Tourism contributes over six per cent of the Australian gross national product. 7. Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation. 8. Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain. 9. Visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas. 10. It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies. 5. TRUE According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (1992), ‘Travel and tourism is the largest industry in the world on virtually any economic measure including value-added capital investment, employment and tax contributions’ figures measure