2018年英语一轮复习每日一题(第20周)完形填空夹说明文(含解析)

完形填空夹说明文

高考频度：★★★☆☆难易程度：★★★★☆

（2016·上海卷）In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, __53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: __60__ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation(委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike

52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree

D. extreme

53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however

D. otherwise

54. A. outside B. inside C. below

D. above

55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing

D. encouraging

56. A. refer B. contribute C. object

D. apply

57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression

58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western

D. male

59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing

60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating

61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared

62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally

63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure

64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day

D. on-the-scene

65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness

【文章大意】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论——授权管理及其作用。

55. C 【解析】根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同

的管理人的方法。故C项正确。

56. B 【解析】refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply

to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。故B项正确。

57. A 【解析】agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象。

此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。故A项正确。

58. D 【解析】根据前半句＂....women will become more effective managers than

men....＂可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D项正确。

59. A 【解析】根据前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂

（鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。

故A项正确。

60. C 【解析】根据＂the trend towards downsizing＂（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是

要减少管理层的数量，可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词＂reduce减少＂

符合语境。

63. D 【解析】deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管

理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。

64. A 【解析】virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；

on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。故A项正确。

65. C 【解析】opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据

后半句＂in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them＂可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时间。故C项正确。

说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系以及选择正确答案具有重要意义。

3. 文体特点

说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。

4. 条理清楚

说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序等来说明事物或事理。

解答这类题目要遵循下列原则：

1. 明白说明对象

文章的首句一般就明确了说明对象。对文章要进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。

2. 弄清楚说明的顺序，利用好标志语

把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为＂语篇标志语＂。如表示结构层次的语篇标志语firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等；表示因果关系的thus, therefore, so等；表示改变话题的by the way等；表示递进关系的besides, what’s more等；表示时间关系的before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的but, while, on the other hand等。做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。

3. 把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节

把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。

4. 注重上下文语境

应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深入的理解，克服＂思维定势＂，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。

高中英语教学论文 高考英语完形填空综合解析

高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：

2012高考英语完形填空答案详解

2012高考英语完形填空答案详解 安徽卷 When I settled in Chicago，my new city seemed so big and unfriendly, Then I had a 36 problem and had to go to hospital for a 37 examination. It seemed a small 38 compared to the one I was about to face ,but things started to go 39 right from the beginning , Not having a car or 40 the city, I was depending on a couple of buses to get me from A to B, 41 I’d left myself plenty of ti me, soon it was 42 I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the 43 direction. I 44 the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do, I look into the eyes of a 45 who was trying to get past me, 46 instead of moving on ,she stopped to ask if I was 47 , After I explained my 48 to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street , where a bus would take me back into the city to my 49 . Sitting there waiting , I felt 50 that someone had been willing to help . 51 , hearing a horn （喇叭）nearby, I looked up to see a car with my new friend 52 at me to get in, She had returned to offer me a 53 to the hospital. Such unexpected 54 from a passer-by was a lovely gift to receive, As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lose 55 ，for all things are possible. 36. A. physical B. traveling C. social D.housing A后面说不得不去医院 37. A. scientific B.final C.previous D. Thorough D A表示科学检查 B 表示最终检查C 表示“以前的”，D表示“全面的” 38. A. chance B. challenge C. success D.error 与后面的face相匹配 39. A. wrong B. easy C. fast D. Ahead 与前面的go 构成词组，表示出错了。 40. A. leaving B. visiting C. knowing D. Appreciatin g 没有自己的车，不了解这所城市，后面走错路是必然 41. A. Although B. Since C. Unless D. Once 虽然留了足够的时间 42. A. strange B. necessary C. obvious D. Important 很明显要迟到了，暗示后面的appointment. 43. A. same B. right C. general D. opposite 方向反了，后面的back into the city就是暗示 44. A. looked at B. waited for C. got off D. ran into 下车，然后站在人行道上pavement 45. A. driver B. friend C. stranger D. Gentleman 满眼都是陌生人 46. A. Especially B. Surprisingly C. Probably D. Normally 事情从此转机了，所以是surprising了。 47. A. nervous B. excited C. OK D. Dangerous 此情此景问一句“Are you OK?是自然地 48. A. idea B. motivation C. excuse D. Situation 只有解释自己的种种境况了。

【分析】2018年高考英语全国3卷真题

〖解密〗2018年高考英语全国III卷真题解析 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A

Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens Visitor Information How to Get to Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere — 20 minutes, Kendal — 25 minutes, Lancaster — 45 minutes, Manchester — 1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. Opening Times Sunday —Friday (closed on Saturday) 11:00am —4:00pm, 30th March —2nd November. Admission Charges Hall & Gardens Gardens Adults: ￡12.00 ￡8.00 Groups: ￡9.00 ￡5.50 Special Events Producers’ Market13th April Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas. Holker Garden Festival 30th May The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening. National Garden Day 28th August

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英语完形填空解题技巧 英语完形填空解题技巧。完形填空是测验常见的题型之一，即选择最恰当的单词或词组完成文章，该词条将讲述什么是完形填空，完形填空有什么类型，如何解决完形填空此类题目。它既考查对语法，词汇，习语，句型，搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力，又考查对短文的阅读理解能力，甚至有时还考察对时事政治等的关注。 英语完形填空解题技巧 一：“议论文”类完形填空解题技巧 除了记叙文常考的是议论文，议论文的完形填空包括夹叙夹议和真正的议论两种形式。夹叙夹议的文章一般是先提出一个事件，然后就此引出一个深刻的社会主题。真正议论形式的文章是通过一个或几个人对某一现象的论述来赞扬、批评或提出某种见解。 议论文的完形填空题不依记叙文那么有情景性，因此考生对文章的整体掌握有—定的困难，稍有不慎考生就会偏离作者所论述的主题。 1、对夹叙夹议形式的完形填空要把叙和议结合起来：应 始终努力去把握文章的主旨，不能只顾选择答案，而不注意事件和论点的关系。 2、真正议论形式的完形填空一般是直接提出论点，通过 论据，然后提出作者的看法，或提出一个话题供大家讨论。一般来说，作者的态度十分明确，考生就容易了解作者对事情的看法。如果作者不是直接提出自己的见解，而是通过一个或几个人对某一现象的论述来间接赞扬、批评或提出某种见解，就

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